Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State (55 page)

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Authors: Götz Aly

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67.

ZFS, Nuremberg, to RFM (Galleiske), Sept. 3, 1943, progress report of the ZFS (1943-44), BAR2/56045/56105, pp. 56, 111, 127.

68.

Hundreds of similar examples can be found in the reports by ZFÄ to the OFP, BA R 2/56103-6.

69.

Final report of the military administration, Belgium, BA-MA RW 36/257, p. 155.

70.

NA RG 242 B 454/92, microfilm 973-78 (BA R 6/81). Thanks to Wendy Lower for alerting the author to this source; see also Gerlach, Morde, p. 212.

71.

Hitler, Monologe, p. 63 (Sept. 17 and 18, 1941).

72.

Hillgruber, Staatsmänner, vol. 2 (conversation with the Croatian ambassador, Feb. 14, 1942).

73.

Hitler, Monologe, p. 331 (Aug. 6, 1942).

74.

Handwritten note from conference in Rowno (Lt. von Engelbrechten), Aug. 26-28, 1942, BA R 6/243, pp. 20-22.

75.

Kaufmann in retrospect to Göring, Sept. 4, 1942, in Bajohr, “Gefühlsduseleien,” p. 13.

76.

OFP, Cologne (Kühne), to OLG president, Cologne, Nov. 4, 1941; Rummel and Rath, Reich, pp. 356ff.

77.

Longerich, Politik, pp. 705-06.

78.

OFP, Cologne, to OLG president, Cologne, Nov. 4, 1941; Rummel and Rath, Reich, p. 189.

79.

OFP, Westphalia, to finance offices on the start of deportations of Jews, Dec. 8, 1941; Dressen, Betrifft, pp. 78ff.; Beer, Kriegsalltag, p. 157.

80.

Schwerin von Krosigk to Rosenberg, March 14, 1942; Woitkowski, “Schwerin von Krosigk,” p. 251 (LArch, Berlin, A Rep. 093-03/54611).

81.

RFM (Maass) to OFP, Aug. 14, 1942; Rummel and Rath, Reich, p. 423.

82.

Dressen, Betrifft, pp. 149ff.

83.

Rosenberg to MBiF, telex, Jan. 29, 1942, BA R 2/14567, p. 197.

84.

Report on “M-Aktion,” Aug. 7, 1944, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/358, pp. 244ff.

85.

RFM (Litter), Massnahmen gegen Juden in Frankreich [Measures against Jews in France], Feb. 13, 1942, BA R 2/14867, pp. 200-01.

86.

Rosenberg to Hitler, Dec. 18, 1941; Lammers to Keitel, Dec. 31, 1941; Rosenberg to Utikal, Jan. 14, 1942; Task Force to MBiF, Feb. 4, 1942; DW, Zwischenbericht [Interim Report] [fall 1942], NG-3058; German embassy, Paris (Schleier), to Foreign Office, Berlin, Jan. 30, 1942, NG-5018.

87.

Utikal to Göring’s adjutant (Major von Bauchitsch), April 21, 1943, NA RG 238/case XI/45, microfilm 1017.

88.

German embassy, Paris (Abetz), to Foreign Office, Berlin (Rademacher), Jan. 31, 1942, NG-5018.

89.

Göring conference at Berchtesgaden, April 28, 1943, NA RG 238/case XI/microfiche 28 (NG-3392).

90.

Wehrmacht commander of WaKo, Besatzungskosten [Occupation Costs], April 18, 1943, PA AA R 107415.

91.

Rosenberg to Hitler, Nov. 17, 1943, NA RG 238/case XI/45, microfilm 964-67.

92.

Business Audit of the Western Office, Paris, Sept. 15, 1943; Dressen, Betrifft, pp. 54ff.; Dreyfus and Gensburger, Camps.

93.

Rummel and Rath, Reich, p. 192.

94.

Abschlussbericht über den Grossangriff auf Köln [Final Report on the Major Offensive against Cologne], May 30-31, 1942 (Grohé); Rüther, Köln, pp. 198-214.

95.

Western Office, Comprehensive Report, June 8, 1944; Dressen, Betrifft, pp. 50ft

96.

DW, Aug. 7, 1944, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/358, pp. 244-46; RMfbO, Koeppen to Zölffel, July 16, 1943; Dressen, Betrifft, p. 205. On the Ruhr region, see Blank, “Ersatzbeschaffung.”

97.

Führer’s Chancellery to OFP, Vienna, Veräusserung des dem Dt. Reich zugefallenen jüdischen Vermögens [Disposal of Assets Ceded to the German Reich by Jews], Aug. 21, 1942, BA R 2/31096, pp. 156ff.

98.

United Restitution Organization, “M-Aktion,” pp. 140, 148, 156.

99.

PK of the NSDAP, June 5, 1942; OFP, Köln (Kühne), to RFM (Gündel), June 9, 1942, BA R 2/31096, pp. 41ff.

100.

Rüther, Köln, pp. 93ff.

101.

A. J. van der Leeuw, Die Behandlung des in den Niederlanden lagern-den Umzugsgutes ausgewanderter Juden [The Handling of Goods Left Behind by Jewish Emigrants from the Netherlands], July 20, 1959, LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/321; United Restitution Organization, “M-Aktion,” p. 4.

102.

Ebbinghaus et al., Heilen, p. 68.

103.

Rummel and Rath, Reich, p. 193.

104.

Ein off enes Geheimnis, pp. 125-26.

105.

Aalders, Geraubt, p. 360.

106.

Progress report of the Treuhandstelle [Escrow Agency], Prague [ca. March 1943], LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/314; sworn testimony of Ludvik Engel, Prague (Oct. 4, 1963), LArch, Berlin, B Rep. 039-01/313, pp. 162-63. On the Ruhr region, see Blank, “Ersatzbeschaffung”; on Cologne, see Dressen, Betrifft, p. 201, and Adler, Mensch, pp. 597-98.

107.

On Kaliningrad (Königsberg), see Aly, Tunnel, p. 137; on Düsseldorf, see Pät-zold and Schwarz, Auschwitz, pp. 129-30, and Zimmermann, “Deportation,” pp. 134-35.

108.

Bajohr, “Arisierung,” pp. 331ff.

109.

Seydelmann, Balance, pp. 105-06; Bajohr, “Arisierung,” p. 335.

110.

Aalders, Geraubt, p. 364.

111.

Annotations to the Report on the Western Office’s Performance for 1943, Jan. 8, 1944; United Restitution Organization, “M-Aktion,” p. 185.

112.

RMfdbO (Meyer) to RKU, Nov. 9, 1942; RFM (Eckhardt), Dec. 1, 1942, BA R 2/30585.

113.

Foreign Office, Berlin (Maltzan), Schwarzkäufe in Frankreich [Black Market Purchases in France], Nov. 26, 1941, PA AA R 107060; MBiF, April 22, 1943, BA R 2/14552, p. 292.

114.

A.W. (Morett), June 15, 1946, SAEF B 5701, 5.

115.

Four-Year Plan (Veltjens), Second Operating Report of the Delegate for Special Tasks (July 1-Nov. 30, 1942), PS-1765.

116.

Aalders, Geraubt, p. 44.

117.

MBiF (Lenz) to OKH, July 22, 1942, BA R 29/4, pp. 118-19; Lenz to RKK, Paris, Aug. 22-Oct. 27, 1942, pp. 130-71; OKW, Secret Commando Affairs, (Biehler), Nov. 20, 1942, BA R 2/14552, p. 70.

118

. RFM (von Manteuffel) to Four-Year Plan (Legler), Feb. 22, 1943, NA RG 238/case XI/44, microfilm 435.

119.

Diary of the Reich Delegate for Economic and Financial Questions to the French Government (Hartlieb), Feb. 1945, HAdDB B 330/4600, p. 9. Since the goods were bought on the black market at five times the normal prices, Hartlieb claimed Germans were “forfeiting” 80 percent of the total sum, as those “amounts entered the French economy as profits of war.”

120.

Göring, Aug. 6, 1942, IMG, vol. 39, pp. 390-91, 395.

121.

Boberach, Meldungen, Oct. 5, 8, 12, and November 9, 1942, pp. 4279ff., 4483; see also p. 4355.

122.

Goebbels’s diary, Dec. 24, 1942.

123.

F.H.Q. (Bormann), Dec. 25, 1942, BA R 2/31093, pp. 44-45.

124.

Göring conference at Berchtesgaden, April 28, 1943, NG-3392.

125.

Four-Year Plan (Gramsch) to RFM (Breyhan), Aug. 28, 1943, BA R 2/67, pp. 16ff.; RFM (Bussmann), Oct. 8, 1943, BA R 2/14552, pp. 324-25. See also Lindner, who tries to justify German policies on the management of “enemy” assets (Reichskommissariat).

Chapter 5: The Mainstay: Western Europe

Böll, Briefe, pp. 250-51, 264, 502.

Abschlussbericht Wirtschaftslenkung in Belgien [Final Report on Economic Control in Belgium] (Lampe), BA-MA RW 36/257, p. 157.

Göring conference at Berchtesgaden, April 28, 1943, NA RG 238/case XI/microfiche 28 (NG-3392).

Progress report no. 1 of MBB/NF intendant, July 1-Dec. 31, 1940, BA-MA RW 36/118, pp. 92-93.

MBB/NF memorandum, Oct. 2, 1941, BA-MA RW 36/123. Alexander von Falkenhausen (b. 1878) was an infantry general who functioned as the German military commander in Belgium from May 1940 to July 18, 1944. He was arrested on July 20, 1944.

Reichsbank economics division on progress report of MVB/NF (June 1-Sept. 1, 1942), Oct. 24, 1942, BA R 2/14552, pp. 66-67; “Elastische Staatsfinanzierung in Belgien,” Bank-Archiv (1942), p. 68.

Progress report no. 2 of MBB/NF intendant, Jan. 1-March 31, 1941, BA-MA RW 36/119, p. 111; Foreign Office, Berlin (Maltzan), Besatzungskosten Belgien [Occupation Costs in Belgium] [March 1942], PA AA R 105284.

RKK administrative council, July 3, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 247-52.

Währung und Finanzen [Currency and Finances], p. 1, BA-MA RW 36/225.

10.

The flyer was discovered on Feb. 6, 1941 in Brussels. BA R 2/274, pp. 46ff.

11.

RFM (Eckardt), Besatzungskosten in Belgien [Occupation Costs in Belgium], May 16, 1941, BA R 2/274, pp. 109ff.

12.

Conference of /div> manders of all three branches of the armed forces and economic experts in Belgium, Oct. 29-30, 1941, progress report no. 4 of MBB/NF intendant, July 1-Dec. 31, 1941, BA-MA RW 36/123, p. 96.

13.

RKK administrative council, Aug. 13, 1941, BA R 29/2, pp. 54-60; RKK, Brussels (Schulte), Nov. 31, 1941, ibid., pp. 84-85; MBB/NF to OKH, Währungslage in Belgien [Currency Situation in Belgium], Dec. 1, 1941, BA R 29/3, Bl. 36-62; MBB/NF, Besatzungskosten Belgien [Occupation Costs in Belgium], June 1941-Sept. 1942, appendix 3, Oct. 28, 1942, BA R 29/4, p. 197.

14.

MBB/NF, Belgiens Leistungen für die deutsche Kriegswirtschaft [Belgium’s Contributions to the German War Economy], March 1, 1942, BA-MA RW 36/250, pp. 2-23.

15.

Progress report no. 5 of MBB/NF intendant, Jan. 1-June 30, 1942, BA-MA RW 36/125, p. 53, appendix 5.

16.

Währung und Finanzen, p. 7, BA-MA RW 36/225.

17.

Wirtschaftslenkung und Wirtschaftskontrolle in Belgien [Economic Guidance and Monitoring in Belgium] (Lange), BA-MA RW 36/257, pp. 149-50; progress reports nos. 6 and 7 of MBB/NF intendant, July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943, BA-MA RW 36/127 and 129, pp. 32ff. and 37-38.

18.

RKK administration council, March 3, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 104-08; for the agreement on transport, see pp. 6-19.

19.

Meeting between Neumann and deputy head of wartime administration von Craushaar in Brussels, Feb. 16, 1941, BA R 29/1, p. 202.

20.

RKK administrative council, July 3, 1941, BA R 29/1, pp. 247-52.

21.

RKK administrative council to RKK main administration, June 1 and 12, 1942, BA R 29/3, pp. 192ff., 202; FourYear Plan (Neumann) to OKW (Tisch-bein, Thomas), appendix, July 8, 1942, NA RG 328/case XI/44, microfilm 546-50.

22.

Währung und Finanzen, p. 3, BA-MA RW 36/225; MBB/NF (von Falkenhausen) to Four-Year Plan (Neumann), May 14, 1942, BA R 2/14552, pp. 20ff.

23.

RFM to the German commissioner of the Belgian National Bank (von Becker), Oct. 9, 1942, BA R 2/14552, p. 26.

24.

Wiehl (Foreign Office) to von Weizsäcker and von Ribbentrop, NG-2181.

25.

One such transfer, on May 27, 1943, amounted to 21.6 tons of gold. See Customs Border Command in France (Mangold) to German currency commissioner in France (Michel), AN AJ 40/1012, vol. 2, p. 296.

26.

Four-Year Plan (Gramsch) to German currency commissioner in France (Michel), Sept. 15, 1942, AN AJ 40/1012, vol. 1, p. 311.

27.

Währung und Finanzen, pp. 5ff., BA-MA RW 36/225.

28.

RFM (Breyhan), Besatzungskosten [Occupation Costs], Oct. 13, 1942, BA R 2/14552, pp. 52-53.

29.

Progress report of chief intendant, Netherlands, Oct. 1-Dec. 31, 1943, BA-MA RW 7/1710, p. 125.