Empires and Barbarians (129 page)

Scotland

Viking raids and settlement
453
,
455
,
487
,
496
,
582

Scots
287
–8

‘Scythia’
6
–7

sea levels, rising
286

sea transport

and Viking migration
504
–6,
512
,
513
,
583
–4,
595
–6

Second World War
29

Seljuk Turks
236

semi-sunken hut (
Grubenhaus
)
118

Serapio
36
,
38

Serbs
11
,
405
,
405
–6,
424
–5,
444

Sergeric
193

service villages
542
,
550
,
561

Shchukin, Mark
120
,
392

ships, Viking
503
–4,
513

Sihtric, King
464
–5

Siling Vandals
173
,
176
,
187
,
189
,
204
,
338
,
383

skulls
318

slaves/slave trade
91
,
445
,
542
,
544
,
548
–9,
564
,
565
–7

Germanic
46
,
55
,
66
,
75
,
78
,
81
,
91
,
139

and new states
564
–5

and Rus
470
,
479
,
565
–6,
567

and Vikings
498
–9,
548

and women
566
–7

Slavic Europe/Slavicization
386
–451,
553
,
582
,
609

archaeological remains and creation of
388
–9

Balkans
399
–406,
419

Central Europe
406
–16

extent of
386

lack of sources on creation of
387
–8

Russia
414
–18,
419

Slavic migration
9
,
393
–4,
419
–45,
445
–51,
582

absorption of outsiders
434
–7

and collapse of Germanic culture collapse
438
,
440
–1

complexity of process
449
–50

demographic significance
429
–31

and fields of information
446
,
591

flows of
420
–8

and inherent mobility
446
,
593

limitations of source materials on
449

as mass migration
438

motivations for
439
–45

nature of units
445

and non-elite transfer/cultural emulation model
433

relations between Slavs and indigenous populations
428
,
433
–8,
450

return
447
–8

scale and size of population units
420
–7,
449
–50

as shock to Slavs themselves
438
–9

and transport logistics
448

and wave of advance model
422
,
427
,
449

Slavs
xiii
,
xv
120
,
374
,
514
,
540
–2

and agriculture
430
,
431
,
447

and Avars
401
,
424
–5,
443
–5,
447
,
608
–9

and collapse of Germanic Europe
607

conflict with Goths
442

contacts with east Roman Empire
607
–8,
609

emergence of new states
see
new states

first documented appearance
392
–3

inter-Slavic rivalry of nationalist era
390

language
395
,
398

links with the Venedi
394
–5,
396

and literacy
518

marked by lack of social differentiation
541

military effectiveness of
450

original homelands and competing visions on
389
–98,
447

proto-
392
–8

raiding of Roman Balkans
437
,
439
,
446
,
448

relations with Ottonians and Carolingians
554
–6

restructuring of society by ninth/tenth century
540
–4

treatment of prisoners
428
,
437

warrior class
439
–40

Slovakia
xiii
408
,
410
,
411
,
520

Snake Walls
521

social-stress theory
320
–1,
327
–8,
329
–32

Socrates Scholasticus
160

Sorbs
408
,
444

Spain
189
–90,
203
,
456

Staraja Ladoga
476
,
478
,
492
,
494
,
498
,
501
,
507
,
565

state-building

and new states
539
–53

Stenton, Sir Frank
300

Stilicho
175
,
178
,
179
,
180
,
192
,
196
–7,
199
,
214

Strabo
249

Strasbourg, battle of
40
,
59
,
62
,
65
,
73
,
158

Strategicon of Maurice
422
,
433
,
434
,
435
,
437

subsidies, Roman
86
–7,
139
,
140
,
181
,
337

Suebi
225

Suebic knot
54

Suevi
82
,
173
–5,
176
,
180
–1,
184
,
187
,
189
,
204
,
221
–2,
333

Sukow-Dziedzice system
412
,
413
,
414
,
419
,
426
,
430
–1,
434
,
449

Svein
521
,
524
,
530
,
539

Sviatoslav
552
,
571
,
574

Sweden
528

Syagrius
308
,
309
,
310

Synesius of Cyrene
180
,
191
,
192

Tacitus, Cornelius
6
,
36
,
38
,
46
,
115
,
124

Germania
7
,
16
,
36
,
391
,
395

Taifali
112
,
115
,
124
,
151

tenants-in-chief
292

Tenchteri
38

terpen
286

Tervingi
42
–3,
45
,
59
,
67
,
71
,
112
,
154
,
157
,
166
–7,
199
,
338
,
357
,
520
,
589

confederation of
133
,
164
,
167

fighting in Rome’s Persian wars
59
,
61
,
67
,
194

governmental capacity
60

and inherent mobility
594

kings and power of
59
–64

military capacity
59

mobilization of labour by kings
62

peace with Romans (382)
152
,
180
,
189

persecution of Christians
570

retreating of small number of from Danube and relocating of in Transylvania (376)
186

seeking asylum in Roman Empire and reasons for (376)
69
,
151
,
159
,
162
–3,
164
–5,
166
–72,
336
,
594

social stratification
172

sociopolitical structures
113

split in confederation
160
,
162
,
172

struggles against Romans
152
,
189

trade with Romans
76

unification with Greuthungi
199

Teutoburger Wald, battle of the (7
AD
)
5

Teutones
101

Teutonic knights
557

Theoderic the Amal
24
–7,
60
,
70
,
146
,
224
,
240
,
241
–2,
243
,
248
,
249
,
256
,
257
,
259
–60,
351
,
361
,
364
,
589

Theoderichshafen
119

Theodosius I, Emperor
179
,
189
,
194

Thessalonica
400
,
401
,
423
,
424
,
448

Thompson, Edward
64
–5

Thrace, Slavic settlement
403

Thracian Goths
248
–50,
256
,
260
,
262
,
346

Thuringians
366

Timerevo
492
–3

Tithe Church (Kiev)
517
,
524
–5

Tounsoures
239

trade

between Romans and Germani
61
–2,
72
–81,
91
,
138
,
139
,
564

new states and networks of
506
–7,
564
–5,
573
–4

and Rus
470
–2,
473
–4,
477
–8,
493

Trajan
114

transport

and Anglo-Saxon migration
288
–9

in first-millennium Europe
32

Germanic
77

and Slavic migration
448

and Vandals
596

water-bourne
see
Vikings

Transylvania
97
,
114
,
116
,
128
,
170
,
185
,
186

Trapezus (Trabzon)
110

treaties and new states
526

Trelleborg fortresses
522
,
530

Tribigild
180

Trier
312
,
313

truthin
46

Ubii
96
,
100
,
101
,
127
,
136

Ukraine
4
,
371
,
391
,
415
,
551
–2

Uldin
174
,
176
,
177
,
183
,
187
,
214
,
216
,
231

Ulfila
114
,
130
,
166

Valamer
223
–4,
234
,
239
,
246
,
250

Valens, Emperor
59
,
151
,
152
,
154
,
160
,
163
,
168
–9,
189
,
336

Valentinian I, Emperor
40
,
89
,
140

Valentinian II, Emperor
214

Valentinian III, Emperor
278

Valerian, Emperor
107

Vandal-Alan coalition
338
–9,
343
,
344
,
345
,
348
,
351
,
353
,
357
,
589

Vandals
20
,
115
,
152
,
174
–5,
202
,
587

conquering of North Africa and motivations behind migration
9
,
152
–3,
176
,
177
,
190
,
202
–3,
203
–4,
333
,
335

destruction of kingdom of by east Roman

Empire
361

and Franks
186

and inherent mobility
185

invasion of Roman territory (406)
173
,
180
–1

and Marcomannic War
101

migration and transport logistics
596

and Przeworsk culture
105

relocation to Raetia
182

Roman expeditions against whilst in North Africa
204

in Spain
189
,
203

Vannius, King
61
–2,
139
,
140

Venedi
394
–5,
396

Veneti
7
,
8
,
607

Victor of Vita
176

Vidimer
256

Viking migration
9
–10,
481
–97,
582
–3,
583
–4

colonization of Iceland
464
,
487
,
488
–90,
491
, 50809

as consequence of growth of trade network
506
–7,
512

destruction of monasteries
496

and development
508
–14

economic motivations
409
,
498
–500,
508
,
512