Empires and Barbarians (125 page)

Cnut
521
,
524
,
530
,
539

codes of law, and new states
527

coinage

Muslim
477
–8,
548
,
551
,
565

Roman
76
,
104
,
273
,
364
,
380

Viking
574

communications

and new states
525
–6

comparative philology
46

Conrad, King
368

Constantine, Emperor
42
,
43
,
108
,
160

Constantine III, Emperor
181
,
278
,
294
–5,
316
,
337

Constantinople
378
–9,
380
–1

attack on by Rus (860)
475
–6,
480

Avar-led siege of (626)
378
,
448

impact of rise of Islamic power on
380
–1

Stilicho’s dispute with
179
,
180

Constantius II, Emperor
82
–3,
84
–5,
97
,
128
,
174
,
183

Costoboci
97
,
101
,
131

cremation cemeteries
see
cemeteries Croats
11
,
405
–6,
424
–5,
444

cult leagues
39

culture history
16
–18,
21
,
238

Curta, Florin
395
–6

Dabritas
424

Dacia/Dacians
111
–12,
113
,
114
,
132
,
133

Dagome Iudex
526

Danelaw
26
,
385
–6,
490
,
495
,
496

‘Danubian’ style
229
,
254
,
275
,
313
,
322

Darfur conflict
213

dating systems
103
–4

Decius, Emperor
110
,
123
,
127

Dengizich
222
,
223
,
232
,
259

Denmark
520

conversion to Christianity
567

and international trade networks
574

and Jelling dynasty
see
Jelling dynasty

and slave trade
548

state formation in
537
–8,
545
,
573
–4

Deorham, battle of (577)
272

development

and migration
28
–35,
355
–9

Dio Cassius
95
,
96
,
98
,
107
,
127
,
131

divine favour (
heilag
)
69
–70

DNA evidence
275
–6,
284
,
488
,
491
,
585

Dnieper, River
394
,
415
,
466
,
469
,
472
,
493

Domesday Book
23
,
267
,
292
,
298
,
327
,
350
,
486

Dorestad
506

Dublin
464
–5,
487

Dulcinea
447

dynasties, emergence of new
531
–9

economic migration
1
–2,
28
–30,
33
–4,
597
–8,
615

Edeco
228
,
239

Edington, Battle of (878)
459
,
460

Egil’s Saga
504

Ejsbol Mose
43
–5,
46
–7,
49
,
52
,
78
,
79
–80,
126

Elbe Slavs
555
–6,
557
,
558
,
559
–60,
562
,
568
–9,
571

elite transfer model
23
,
24
,
267
,
290
,
329
,
579
,
580
–1

and Franks
305
,
324

and Norman Conquest
298
,
329
–30,
580
,
614

England

Viking raids and settlement
96
,
455
–6,
458
,
459
–62,
464
,
490
,
496
,
502
,
510
,
583

Ermenaric
162
,
163
,
215

Ethelred the Unready
574

Eugenius
179
,
194

Eunapius
209

Euric
339
,
348

Eutropius
112
,
196

Falklands War
337

farming
see
agriculture Faroes
10
,
464
,
488
,
491
,
500

Feddersen Wierde
50
,
57
,
73
–4,
77
,
139

fields of information
32
–3,
591
–2

and Anglo-Saxon migration
286
–7

and Frankish migration
326

and Germanic migration
134
–6,
168
,
591

and post-Hunnic Empire migration
260
–2

and Slavic migration
446
,
591

and Viking migration
500
–2,
591

Flavius Constantius
214

Flonheim-Gutlingen burials
322

Flonheim-Reutlingen group
321

foederati
248
,
314

France

Viking inroads
456
,
457
,
463

Frankish migration
246
–7,
318
–29,
348

and collapse of Roman Empire
332

different levels of
328
–9

economic motivations
331
–2

and elite transfer model/cultural emulation
305
,
324

and fields of information
326

and furnished burial sites
327
–8,
330
–1

inclusion of women and children
326

influence of political structures on
325
–6,
327

linguistic evidence
324
–5,
327
,
328
–9

motivations for
325
–6,
347

place-name evidence
325
,
327

role played in process of Roman dissolution in Gaul by pre-Merovingian
313
–17

size of units
326
–7

and social-stress explanation
327
–8

and spread of inhumation cremation during Merovingian period
319
–24,
326

unequal development as responsible for
331
–2

Franks
20
,
37
,
42
,
71
,
181
,
186
,
235
,
305
–29,
363
–70

Charlemagne’s conquests
367
–8

Clovis’s unification of
358

conflict with the Magyars
369

division of kingdom into two zones and differences between
310
–13

empires of
361
–70

expansion of territory
308
–10,
364
,
365
,
372
,
382

reassertion of independence of groups within empire of
366

recruitment into Roman army
306

restructuring of politics
309

takeover of Alamannic kingdom
365
,
372

transformations in northern kingdom of
311
–12

under Otto I
369

Visigothic campaign
309
,
310
,
360

war with Vikings
460
–1,
463
see also
Carolingians; Meringovians

Fredegar
408
,
444

freedmen
166
,
240
,
297
,
311
,
326
–7

freeman class
66
,
68
,
70
,
164
,
166
,
172
,
187
,
206
,
240
,
327

Frénouville (Calvados)
319
,
324
,
328

Frigidus, battle of the (394)
179
,
194
,
195

Frisians
367

Fritigern
151
,
159
,
160
,
193

fur trade
445
,
470
–1,
499
,
548
,
564
–5

furnished inhumation
295
,
296
,
298
,
305
,
312
–14,
319
–23

Gainas
192

Gallic Chronicle
280
,
296

Gallienus, Emperor
111

Gaul
280
,
341

contestants for power in
317

efforts to maintain imperial control in northern
316

Frankish migration into
see
Frankish migration

imperial dissolution in
307
,
313
,
315
,
316
–17

invasion of by Huns
214

Geiseric, King
176
,
351

Gepids
115
,
124
,
125
,
207
,
221
–2,
224
,
225
,
226
,
234
,
240
,
245
,
258
,
261
,
401

Germani/Germanic Empire
5
–6,
7
,
8
,
36
–93,
363
,
384

and age sets
68

agriculture and food production
5
,
7
,
8
,
48
–50,
51
–2,
73
–4,
91
,
106
,
146

burial practices
56
,
58
,
65
,
109

collapse of culture by sixth century and reasons
371
–7,
384
,
413
,
431
,
438
,
440
–1,
606

contingents of in Attila’s empire
228
,
229
–30,
230

creation of fourth-century confederations
70
–2,
81
,
107
,
121

and cult leagues
39

death of
371
–7

economy
48
,
75

excavation of settlements
49
–51

expansion and development
47
–55

extent of in late Roman era
371

fighting against Romans and cross-border raids
81
–2,
89
,
92
,
94
–6,
107
–8,
109
–11

glass production
54

and globalisation
91
–3

and group identities
19
–20,
41
–3,
243
,
244

growth in inequalities
55
–7,
66
,
67
,
78
,
81
,
138
,
240

increase in economic wealth
52
,
54
,
64
,
79
,
138

and inherent migration
593

interaction with Romans
599
–600

kings and power of
38
,
66
,
67
,
78
,
91
,
92
,
141
–2

languages
46
,
75

limitations to power of military kings
67
–70

management of by Romans and methods used to keep under control
81
–9,
91
–2

and Marcomannic War
see
Marcomannic

War metal production and working
52
–4

militarization of and military capabilities
47
–8,
52
,
59
–60,
89
–90

military interventions against by Romans and impact of
86
,
87
–8

politics and political systems
37
–43,
57
–72,
150
,
520

population increase
52
,
64

power struggles between and within tribes
43

recruitment of into Roman army
61
,
74
–5,
84
,
90
,
91

resentments against Rome
88
–9,
90
,
92

rise of military kingship
43
–7,
90
,
92

and Roman subsidies
86
–7,
91

settlements
49
–51

slaves and slave trade
46
,
55
,
66
,
75
,
78
,
81
,
91
,
139

society and social stratification
64
–71

socioeconomic patterns in late Roman period
432
–3

struggles over control of new wealth
79
–81

trade and exchange networks with Romans
61
–2,
72
–81,
91
,
138
,
139
,
564