Read Empires and Barbarians Online
Authors: Peter Heather
language of
209
mercenary service with Roman Empire
214
originally nomads thesis
209
–12
raids on Roman Empire
163
,
174
,
213
–14,
219
relations with Roman Empire
213
–14,
220
seeking asylum in east Roman Empire (mid-460s)
223
,
224
,
258
,
259
sweeping away of system of ranked kings
220
,
235
–6
weaponry
217
–18
Iceland
10
,
26
–7,
500
,
582
,
585
,
596
colonization of by Vikings
464
,
488
–9,
491
,
508
–9
identity
24
–8
see also
group identity
information availability
see
fields of information
inherent mobility
184
–5,
205
–6,
593
–4
and Germanic migration
146
–7,
168
,
172
.
184
–5,
593
and Hunnic migration
219
and post-Hunnic Empire migration
259
–60
and Tervingi
594
invasion hypothesis
17
–18,
20
,
21
,
22
,
23
,
31
,
34
,
119
,
122
,
133
,
143
,
155
,
251
,
295
,
330
,
578
–9,
615
–16
modifications needed to
585
–91
Ireland
Viking raids and settlement
455
,
457
–8,
462
–3,
484
,
487
,
497
Irish Republic, migration from
1
–2
Islamic Empire
380
–2,
465
,
474
,
477
isotope analysis
276
–7
itineration
63
–4
as key mechanism of government in new entities
529
–30
Jelling dynasty
509
,
517
,
520
,
524
,
528
,
529
,
538
–9,
573
–4
Jones, H.M.
175
Jordanes
113
,
114
,
119
,
122
,
123
,
124
–5,
133
,
157
,
209
,
222
,
223
–4,
239
,
394
,
395
,
396
–7,
442
,
586
,
587
Julian, Emperor
62
,
73
,
84
,
306
,
326
Justinian, Emperor
361
,
364
,
378
,
379
,
401
,
403
Kablow
57
Khazaks
211
Khazars
465
Khusro II, King
378
Kiev
466
,
467
,
479
–81,
493
,
517
,
549
,
551
kingship
rise of military kingship amongst Germani
43
–7
Korchak system
288
,
389
,
393
,
395
–6,
403
–4,
408
–11,
414
,
417
,
418
,
419
,
421
–2,
423
,
442
,
448
–9,
582
Korosec
389
Korstrzewski
392
Kosovan Albanians
1
Kossinna, Gustav
16
–18,
103
,
105
,
390
Krefeld-Gellep, cemetery at
318
–19,
323
–4,
331
kuning
46
laeti
314
Langobardi
96
,
100
,
101
,
126
,
127
,
136
law texts
and new states
527
Lech, battle of the (955)
369
Life of St Germanus of Auxerre
295
Life of St Severinus, The
258
Lincoln
485
Lincolnshire
485
Lindisfarne
453
Lombards
225
–6,
240
,
251
–3,
260
,
261
,
374
burial practices
253
destruction of Heruli (508)
225
,
226
,
242
,
257
destruction of kingdom of by Charlemagne
(mid-770s)
367
gathering of groups under
240
historical process behind expansion in
Middle Danube
251
–2
kings
241
material culture
253
migration of and motivations behind expansion
157
,
257
–8,
356
,
584
,
587
,
588
–9
move to Middle Danube region and becomes dominant power in
225
,
251
,
253
,
257
,
260
war with Gepids
226
Louis the German
368
,
460
,
461
,
532
Luka Raikovetska system
416
,
417
,
419
Macedonia
403
Malchus of Philadelphia
246
Marcomanni
6
,
38
,
61
–2,
94
,
95
–6,
96
Marcomannic War
43
,
96
,
96
–107,
109
,
127
,
128
,
131
,
136
,
188
,
363
and archaeological excavations
102
–5
causes of
98
–100
damage caused by barbarians
100
defeat of barbarians and restoring of order
97
–8
and expansion of Wielbark culture
105
–6
geographical displacement during
101
–2,
106
–7,
125
–6
scale of and number of people involved
100
Marcus Aurelius
94
,
95
,
96
–7,
98
,
99
,
100
–1
Martel, Charles
367
Marxism/Marxists
47
–8,
102
–3,
467
Maslomelcz group
125
mass migration
347
–50
definition
31
–2
and social stress
329
–31
Mecklenburg
429
Mederichus
38
–9
Merovech
306
Merovingian Franks
220
,
286
,
306
–10,
363
–7,
368
,
371
political fragmentation of Empire
366
–7
role of migration in sixth century
317
–29
status groups in
320
–1
metal production, Germani
52
–3
migration costs
594
–5
military capability
of new states
522
–4
military kingship
Germani and rise of
43
–7
military retinues
61
,
145
,
150
,
171
,
284
,
505
Miracles of St Demetrius
403
,
404
,
423
modern migration
141
,
142
,
146
,
161
,
353
,
592
–3,
602
Mogilany culture
410
–11,
411
,
412
,
426
Moravia/Moravians
xiii
–xix
409
,
411
,
516
–17,
532
–3,
557
,
563
and castles
521
Christian basilicas in
525
conversion to Christianity
518
,
568
fighting of Magyars
613
and imperial predation
558
military power of
522
trading of land
528
Musocius
424
nationalism
13
–14
Nedao, battle of the (454)
207
,
208
,
223
Neolithic period
22
new states
610
–12
and agricultural production
545
–8,
552
,
612
castle construction
521
–2
church building
525
and codes of law
527
and communication
525
–6
conversion to Christianity
517
,
518
,
519
,
558
,
567
–72,
610
dynastic ambition as activating mechanism for state formation
553
fur and slave trade
564
–5
and globalization
563
–72
governmental capacity
521
lack of secondary migration
575
–6,
612
–13
military capabilities
522
–4,
564
,
610
,
611
and military retinues
540
–1,
563
–4
operating within distinct centre-periphery dichotomy
551
and population densities
550
products of long and complex processes of transformation
572
–3
and record-keeping
526
–7
relations with Empire
554
–63,
574
–5
size and scale of
520
–1
state-building
539
–53
and trade networks
548
–9,
552
,
564
–7,
573
,
610
,
611
,
612
transformation and ‘peer polity interaction’
573
nomads
7
,
184
–5,
211
–12,
213
,
220
,
406
Norman Conquest
23
,
267
,
292
,
298
–9,
301
–2,
327
,
329
–30,
349
,
350
,
487
,
580
,
614
North Africa
Vandal-Alan invasion of (429)
7
,
73
,
176
,
340
,
351
,
354
,
589
Northern Crusades
556
–7