Discourse and Defiance Under Nazi Occupation: Guernsey, Channel Islands, 1940-1945 (74 page)

37
. Robin, December 8, 1941.

38
. Rosnow, “Inside Rumor,” 485.

39
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 95 (September 20–27, 1942).

40
. Bernard Guerin and Yoshihiko Miyazaki, “Analyzing Rumors, Gossip, and Urban Legends through Their Conversational Properties”,
Psychological Record
56 (2006): 27.

41
. Guerin and Miyazaki, “Analyzing Rumors,” 30.

42
. Scott,
Domination
, 145.

43
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 29 (September 3, 1941).

44
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 76 (May 11, 1942).

45
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 97 (December 2, 1941).

46
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 21 (August 27, 1940).

47
. Michael Quinion,
World Wide Words
,
http://www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa-gra2.htm
, page created October 20, 2001.

48
. Diary of Mrs. Elizabeth Doig, Bib Id. 298904, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Doig], September 11, 1943.

49
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 178 (March 1–April 30, 1943).

50
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 21–22 (August 3, 1940). The pseudonymous last name may have been provided by Kitty, or possibly by the editor of her published diary.

51
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 22 (August 3, 1940).

52
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 22 (August 3, 1940).

53
. Hazel R. Knowles Smith,
The Changing Face of the Channel Islands Occupation: Record, Memory, and Myth
(Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 167. Knowles Smith does an excellent job of sorting through some of the indications that collaborators/fraternizers were a very small—though undoubtedly dangerous—part of the Channel Islands population. She relies on contemporary accounts from the general population, testimony of those who escaped the Islands during the Occupation, and some common-sense assessment of her own. In this last category, I would include her view that those so clearly worried about their many relatives and friends now sheltering in mainland Britain would be unlikely to do anything to aid an enemy bent on that nation's destruction; Knowles Smith, 163–80.

54
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 22 (August 3, 1940).

55
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 21 (August 3, 1940).

56
. Madeleine Bunting,
The Model Occupation: The Channel Islands under German Rule
(London: Harper Collins, 1995), 5–6.

57
. Bunting,
The Model Occupation
, 237. Bunting uses the letter to claim that the Home Office was “furious” that word of collaboration in the Channel Islands had leaked out.

58
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 98 (August 31, 1941).

59
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 256 (October 30, 1944).

60
. Sarah R. Wert and Peter Salovey, “A Social Comparison Account of Gossip,”
Review of General Psychology
8, no. 2 (2004): 123.

61
. Roy F. Baumeister, Liqing Zhang, and Kathleen D. Vohs, “Gossip as Cultural Learning,”
Review of General Psychology
8, no. 2 (2004): 112.

62
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 116.

63
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 129.

64
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 112.

65
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 114.

66
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 114.

67
. Scott,
Domination
, 142.

68
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 117.

69
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 116–17; Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 124.

70
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 124.

71
. Baumeister et al., “Gossip as Cultural Learning,” 115.

72
. Scott,
Domination
, 131.

73
. Scott,
Domination
, 129–31 and 142–43.

74
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 32 (May 15, 1944).

75
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 95 (November 26, 1941).

76
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 95 (November 26, 1941).

77
. Diary of William Arthur Warry, University of Virginia, Special Collections, Microfilm 1688 MSS8138 [hereafter Warry], June 29, 1942.

78
. Ord, 231 (October 28, 1941).

79
. Warry, November 6, 1943.

80
. Doig, October 26, 1942.

81
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 136 (April 4, 1942).

82
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 165 (September 2, 1942).

83
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 165 (December 1, 1942–January 16, 1943).

84
. Robin, December 15, 1943.

85
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 168 (December 1, 1942–January 16, 1943).

86
. Robin, November 26, 1942.

87
. Lewis, January 11, 1943.

88
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 169 (December 1, 1942–January 16, 1943).

89
. Lewis, January 11, 1943.

90
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 169 (December 1, 1942–January 16, 1943).

91
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 165 (September 2, 1942).

92
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 100 (December 19, 1941).

93
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 166 (January 4, 1944).

94
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 215 (November 17, 1943).

95
. Doig, November 28, 1943.

96
. Doig, November 16, 1943.

97
. Doig, September 11, 1943.

98
. Doig, August 13, 1944.

99
. Warry, June 18, 1943.

100
. Warry, December 13, 1942.

101
. Warry, December 25, 1942.

102
. Ord, 517 (June 4, 1943).

103
. Ord, 543 (July 5, 1943).

104
. Lewis, March 29, 1943.

105
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 133.

106
. Ord, 212 (September 28, 1941).

107
. Scott,
Domination
, 128.

108
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 129.

109
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 125.

110
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 125–26.

111
. Diary of Herbert Williams, States of Guernsey Island Archives Service, AQ 380/03–2 [hereafter Williams], 29–30 (May 11, 1942).

112
. Williams, 48–49 (May 17, 1942).

113
. Williams, 21 (1942–no further date).

114
. Williams, 56 (June 12, 1942).

115
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 124.

116
. Ord, 277 (March 7, 1942).

117
. Ord, 278 (March 13, 1942).

118
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 127 (March 1–31, 1942). Inspector Sculpher was deported to Germany with the other English-born.

119
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 127 (March 1–31, 1942).

120
. Knowles Smith,
The Changing Face
, 89.

121
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 134 (no date).

122
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 139 (no date).

123
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 139 (no date).

124
. Ord, 277 (March 7, 1942).

125
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 127 (March 1–31, 1942).

126
. Warry, June 1, 1943.

127
. Scott,
Domination
, 118.

128
. See Knowles Smith,
The Changing Face
, 88–90.

129
. Knowles Smith,
The Changing Face
, 90.

130
. Williams, 83 (April 24, 1943).

131
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 124.

132
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 206 (January 1–February 29, 1944).

133
. Robin, December 15–16, 1943.

134
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 206 (January 1–February 29, 1944).

135
. Williams, 120 (January 15, 1944).

136
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 206 (January 1–February 29, 1944).

137
. Robin, January 11, 1944.

138
. Wert and Salovey, “Social Comparison,” 124.

139
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 117 (December 1941).

140
. Stephen V. Ash,
When the Yankees Came: Conflict and Chaos in the Occupied South, 1861–1865
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 71.

141
. Ord, 80 (October 11, 1940).

142
. Williams, 64 (August 10, 1942).

143
. Lewis, October 5, 1942.

144
. Lewis, March 20, 1944.

145
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 221 (June 7, 1944).

146
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 168 (January 27, 1944).

147
. Lewis, October 5, 1942.

148
. Harvey, 207–10 (January 1–February 29, 1944).