Discourse and Defiance Under Nazi Occupation: Guernsey, Channel Islands, 1940-1945 (71 page)

3
. James C. Scott,
Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990), 117–18.

4
. Scott,
Domination
, 118.

5
. K. M. Bachmann,
The Prey of an Eagle
(Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1972), 5 (July 16, 1940).

6
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 110 (February 18, 1942).

7
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 72–73 (June 4, 1941).

8
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 42 (October 24, 1940).

9
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 50 (January 2, 1941).

10
. Dorothy Pickard Higgs,
Life in Guernsey under the Nazis, 1940–45
(Guernsey: Toucan Press, 2000), 11 (July 24, 1940).

11
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 4 (July 13, 1940).

12
. This terrible juxtaposition of grief and joy, Kitty called a true example of “the funeral baked meats coldly furnishing forth the marriage tables.” But, she added, “We are indeed becoming almost accustomed to truth being stranger than fiction.”

13
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 17 (July 26, 1940).

14
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 48 (January 2, 1941).

15
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 117 (January 1, 1942).

16
. It can only be hoped that most of these efforts were not on the order of one get-together Mrs. Warry attended with a few friends. They had a lovely afternoon and enjoyed the cakes that one woman provided, any sweet or pastry being particularly welcome and more like the teas of old. When this woman returned home, her husband (a grower) asked her what had become of his bag of slug killer. They realized that she had mistaken the slug bait for flour and used it to concoct her cakes. Of course everyone had partaken of the cakes with enthusiasm and were beside themselves with worry over the possible consequences. Surprisingly, no one seemed to suffer any ill effects; Diary of William Arthur Warry, University of Virginia, Special Collections, Microfilm 1688 MSS8138 [hereafter Warry], June 6, 1943.

17
. Diary of Kenneth G. Lewis, vol. 2, Guernsey Island Archives, G06/10 W, 1-1-8-10, AS/LC 16-01 [hereafter Lewis], April 7, 1943.

18
. Lewis, December 29, 1942.

19
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 43 (November 7, 1940) and 56 (January 19, 1941).

20
. Diary of Herbert Williams, States of Guernsey Island Archives Service, AQ 380/03-2 [hereafter Williams], 64 (August 10, 1942).

21
. Williams, September 28, 1943.

22
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 61 (March 4, 1941), 69 (April 12, 1941), and 72 (April 23, 1941).

23
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 184–85 (January 15, 1943), illustration 15.

24
. E. B. Ebbeson, G. L. Kjos, V. J. Konecni, “Spatial Ecology: Its Effects on the Choice of Friends and Enemies,”
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
12 (1976): 508–18.

25
. Williams, 188 and 196 (January 2 and January 8, 1945).

26
. Williams, 226 (March 2, 1945).

27
. Lewis, October 17, 1942, and March 20, 1943.

28
. All names for the family are pseudonyms.

29
. Diary of Ambrose Collas Robin, 17 June 1940 to 18 May 1945, Priaulx Library, Guernsey, Control No. M0005622GY [hereafter Robin], July 30, 1942.

30
. Lewis, July 30, 1944.

31
. Lewis, April 6, 1945.

32
. A pseudonym.

33
. Island Police, Guernsey, Statement of Witness, September 1, 1940; Island Police, Report of Inspector Sculpher, September 3, 1940, Imperial War Museum archives.

34
. Diary of the Rev. R. Douglas Ord, vols. 1–7, 16 June 1940–12 May 1945, M0007066GY-M0007073GY, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Ord], 133 (February 28, 1941).

35
. Winifred Harvey,
The Battle of Newlands: The Wartime Diaries of Winifred Harvey
, ed. Rosemary Booth (Guernsey: Guernsey Press, 1995), 63–64 (February 16–March 2, 1941). This is the same incident that resulted in a guard being placed on Mrs. Sherbrooke and Mrs. Kinnersley (see chapter 1). Upon investigation, the Germans found that the servant girls, rather than their mistresses, were sending signals to Allied parachutists.

36
. Ord, 836 (July 26, 1944).

37
. Ord, 180 (July 6, 1941).

38
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 16–17 (August 1940).

39
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 43 (October 24–November 3, 1940).

40
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 77 (May 1941).

41
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 173 (October 26, 1942).

42
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 76 (May 17, 1941).

43
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 43 (December 23, 1940).

44
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 55 (February 9, 1941).

45
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 141 (May 5, 1942).

46
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 51 (January 25, 1941).

47
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 114 (December 22–23, 1941).

48
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 68 (April 4, 1941).

49
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 85 (July 6, 1941).

50
. Warry, May 12, 1943.

51
. Robin, August 3, 1941.

52
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 50 (January 21, 1941).

53
. Paul Sanders,
The British Channel Islands under German Occupation, 1940–1945
(Jersey: Jersey Heritage Trust/Société Jersiaise, 2005), 152.

54
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 131 (February 1942).

55
. Diary of Elizabeth Doig, 298904, Priaulx Library, Guernsey [hereafter Doig], April 30, 1944.

56
. Warry, March 31, 1943.

57
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 198–99 (March 31–April 12, 1943).

58
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 96 (December 2, 1941).

59
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 131 (July 27, 1942).

60
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 209 (June 9, 1943).

61
. Williams, 107 (September 8, 1943).

62
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 99 (December 19, 1941).

63
. Warry, September 24, 1942.

64
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 145 (August 19, 1942).

65
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 97 (August 27, 1941).

66
. When visiting Guernsey for research on this book, I stayed several times in a pleasant set of rental apartments in a quiet St. Peter Port neighborhood overlooking Castle Cornet. The house next door still had a perfect hole in a garden wall where the Germans had broken through for some never-completed project. Despite the many times the house had been renovated over the years, no one could part with this little piece of history in their back garden.

67
. Williams, 116 (December 7, 1943).

68
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 213 (November 7, 1943). Jack has this date as November 7, 1943, although all other accounts have it on December 7.

69
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 213 (November 7, 1943).

70
. When in September 1941 there were no dog biscuits left anywhere in the Island, she gave “some from her store” to her friends. It is noteworthy that she gives “some” of her biscuits away; perhaps she was just unable to part with the entire lot, the final acknowledgment that Rolfie was gone forever.

71
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 60 (January 30, 1941).

72
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 77 (May 23, 1941).

73
. Lewis, December 2 and 3, 1940; Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 49 (December 3–17, 1940).

74
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 40 (December 16, 1940).

75
. Robin, January 7, 1941.

76
. Robin, April 2, 1942. Robin goes on to write that this occurrence with Tim of normally curable illness followed by death “corresponds with the cases of several persons who have died during last autumn and winter,” and it was this realization that “embitters the spirit.”

77
. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 28 (December 14, 1941). Yet it would be Tinker who, being underfed and slowed by pregnancy in her hunting, could not drop her kittens and died on Good Friday the next year. “We miss her sadly,” wrote Dorothy. Higgs,
Life in Guernsey
, 29 (April 8, 1942).

78
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 71 (May 14, 1941).

79
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 60 (February 27, 1941).

80
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 193 (February 27, 1943).

81
. Diary of Gertie Corbin, States of Guernsey Island Archives, Z009/19 AQ92/12 [hereafter Corbin], February 1941.

82
. Hazel R. Knowles Smith,
The Changing Face of the Channel Islands Occupation: Record, Memory, and Myth
(Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 138–39. Paul Sanders provides the official death rate per 1,000 that was part of the official report on essential supplies (Jersey Archives Service L/D/25/M4/10); Sanders, 152.

83
. Smith,
The Changing Face
, 139.

84
. Ord, 265 (January 29, 1942) and 272 (February 28, 1942).

85
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 135–36 (April 1942).

86
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 142 (May 10, 1942).

87
. Harvey,
Battle of Newlands
, 89 (August 25–September 12, 1941).

88
. Doig, December 31, 1941.

89
. Sauvary,
Diary
, 109 (November 18, 1941).

90
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 151 (March 28, 1943).

91
. Bachmann,
Prey of an Eagle
, 114 (March 19, 1942). His Occupation funeral was simple, like most, but on his coffin as it was lowered into the grave was a little posy of many different blooms. The card attached read, “To Dear Grandpa—The Oldest, from Peter-John—The Youngest.” Great age sometimes was juxtaposed with great youth, as occasionally happens in the natural order of things. In the same week, Arthur Mauger wrote of the death of Mrs. George Sauvarin at the advanced age of 100 and 3 months and the death of Mrs. Wilson Le Pelley's newborn son, Geoffrey, at the age of 5 days (Diary of Arthur Mauger, A2 374/23 25/8/1942–13/4/1944, ledger book 23, States of Guernsey Island Archives [hereafter Mauger], June 14 and 19, 1943).