American Pharaoh (100 page)

45.
Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 27; Squires et al.,
Chicago: Race, Class,
p. 101; Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 28.

46.
Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 38; memo from H. A. White, housing manager, Frances Cabrini Homes, to Elizabeth Wood (on file with the authors).

47.
Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
pp. 34–45; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 122–123.

48.
Biles,
Richard J. Daley,
p. 27.

49.
CDN,
11/4/46; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 68.

50.
O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 30; Royko,
Boss,
p. 52;
CT,
4/8/75.

51.
CT,
8/21/48;
CT,
8/18/45;
CT,
9/20/46;
CT,
8/25/46; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 179.

52.
Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream,
p. 415; McCullough,
Truman,
pp. 520–523; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 68.

53.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 79.

54.
Biles,
Big City Boss,
p. 135; Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 46.

55.
Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 124, 141; Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
pp. 47 50.

56.
James Fuerst, interview with the authors; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
p. 125.

57.
Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
pp. 2, 76;
CD,
12/7/46;
CT,
12/6/46;
CT,
12/6/46;
CD,
12/7/46;
CD,
12/14/46; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 125-126; Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 50.

58.
Squires et al.,
Chicago: Race, Class,
p. 101; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
p. 126.

59.
Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 126–128.

60.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 3; Berkow,
Maxwell Street,
p. 247; “Jacob M. Arvey,”
New York Herald Tribune,
10/30/49; “Jacob M. Arvey, Democratic Boss of Chicago in the 1940s, Dead at 81,”
NYT,
8/26/77.

61.
Hirsch,
Snowbelt Cities,
p. 66; Green,
Mayor Richard J. Daley,
p. 150; Whitehead, “The Ward Boss Who Saved the New Deal”; Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 81; Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 12.

62.
Colonel Jacob Arvey, Adlai Stevenson project, Columbia Oral History Project (Introduction by Kenneth Davis, Chicago, IL,
5/24/67).

63.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 76;
CST,
10/29/47; Royko,
Boss,
p. 52; Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 81.

64.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 11; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 74.

65.
Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 74;
CT,
12/21/48.

66.
CT,
1/17/50.

67.
Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 76; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 23, 28, 35, 136–137; Warren,
Subsidized Housing,
p. 6; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
pp. 223–234.

68.
Warren,
Subsidized Housing,
p. 6; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 26, 153–187, 190–191; Granger and Granger,
Lords of the Last Machine.

69.
Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
pp. 195–197; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
pp. 226–228.

70.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 70-71, 102.

71.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 71, 75.

72.
Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 76;
CT,
1/9/50.

73.
CT,
6/14/51;
CT,
6/26/50.

74.
McCullogh,
Truman,
p. 814; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 78; Biles,
Daley,
p. 31; O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 72.

75.
CT,
11/5/50; O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 74.

76.
Time,
12/11/50; Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
p. 45.

77.
Rakove,
Don’t Make No Waves,
pp. 90–94.

78.
Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
p. 46; Fremon,
Chicago Politics Ward by Ward,
p. 101.

79.
Time,
12/11/50.

Chapter 3. Chicago Ain’t Ready for Reform

1.
Fremon,
Chicago Politics Ward by Ward,
p. 101; Royko,
Boss,
p. 61.

2.
Drake and Cayton,
Black Metropolis,
pp. 470–494.

3.
Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
pp. 174, 170.

4.
Drake and Cayton,
Black Metropolis,
p. 494.

5.
Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
pp. 171–172; Wilson,
Negro Politics,
pp. 54, 65 n.6.

6.
Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 169.

7.
Wilson,
Negro Politics,
p. 206.

8.
Ramparts
, 9/7/68; Ira Dawson, interview with the authors; Reed,
The Chicago NAACP,
p. 186;
Congressional Record,
79th Congress, 1st Session.

9.
Ira Dawson, interview with the authors; Grimshaw,
Bitter Fruit,
p. 108; Ehrenhalt,
The Lost City,
pp. 163–164.

10.
Christopher,
America’s Black Congressmen,
p. 187.

11.
Interview with Edison Love, in Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 41.

12.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
pp. 18 19. –

13.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 101 102, 104. –

14.
Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
p. 46; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 79.

15.
O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 76.

16.
Gleason,
Daley of Chicago,
p. 135.

17.
CT,
7/22/53; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 80.

18.
Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
pp. 47 48; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 80.

19.
Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 229; James Fuerst, interview with the authors; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
p. 242.

20.
CD,
5/2/53; Statement of Elizabeth Wood, 8/30/54, p. 3; Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North,” p. 526.

21.
Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North,” pp. 522–523;
CD,
8/13/53.

22.
CD,
8/13/53; Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North” pp. 522, 527, 531; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 81.

23.
Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 187; Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North,” pp. 531, 533.

24.
CD,
2/13/54; Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North,” pp. 529, 531;
CT,
10/3/53.

25.
Hirsch, “Massive Resistance in the Urban North,” pp. 528–530, 536; Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 82.

26.
Statement of Elizabeth Wood, 8/30/54, p. 2;
CT,
4/15/53; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 234;
CT,
4/17/53; Meyerson and Banfield,
Politics, Planning and the Public Interest,
p. 267 n.

27.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 246.

28.
CT,
3/1/54.

29.
O’Connor,
Clout,
pp. 94–95, 103.

30.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 97, 113–114.

31.
James Fuerst, interview with the authors.

32.
Statement of Elizabeth Wood, 8/30/54, p. 2;
CD,
8/28/54;
CT,
8/25/54; Statement of Elizabeth Wood, 8/30/54, pp. 1–3;
CT,
8/31/53; Edward Holmgren, interview with the authors; Minutes of a Special Meeting of Commissioners of Chicago Housing Authority Held August 31, 1954; Resolution No. 54-CHA-235.

33.
CT,
9/1/54;
CT,
8/31/54;
CD,
9/4/54;
CT,
10/29/54.

34.
CT,
10/26/54;
NYT,
7/10/61;
NYT,
7/31/61;
CT,
10/12/71.

35.
Edward Holmgren, interview with the authors.

36.
Bowly,
The Poorhouse,
p. 83; Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 236; Edward Holm-gren, interview with the authors.

37.
CD,
8/28/54; In the next decade, Trumbull Park and Lathrop kept their informal quotas of only a handful of black families. Lawndale had only two black families out of almost 130 in 1965, and Bridgeport had none. Hirsch,
Making the Second Ghetto,
p. 239.

38.
Gautreaux
case
,
Affidavit of Tamaara Tabb, 12/7/66;
CST,
3/3/64.

39.
“Problems and Promise of Public Housing in Chicago,” speech of Jean S. Fuerst to Chicago City Club, 3/2/64.

40.
House & Home,
July 1957; James Fuerst, interview with the authors.

41.
O’Connor,
Clout,
pp. 97-98; Biles,
Daley,
p. 36.

42.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 115–116; Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 206.

43.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 102;
CT,
12/16/54; Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
p. 52;
Time,
3/7/55.

44.
O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 102;
NYT,
12/20/54.

45.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
pp. 104 105; Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 208. –

46.
CT,
12/21/54;
Time,
1/3/55;
NYT,
12/26/54.

47.
Gleason,
Daley of Chicago,
pp. 124–127, 196; Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 277.

48.
Gleason,
Daley of Chicago,
pp. 196 197. –

49.
Gleason,
Daley of Chicago,
p. 197.

50.
CT,
12/31/54.

51.
Martin,
Adlai Stevenson,
p. 283; Rakove,
Don’t Make No Waves,
p. 90.

52.
Rakove,
Don’t Make No Waves,
p. 69; Martin,
Adlai Stevenson,
p. 284; Gleason,
Daley of Chicago,
p. 199.

53.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
p. 120;
CT,
2/20/55;
CT,
2/15/55.

54.
Kennedy,
Himself!,
pp. 113–114; Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
p. 53;
CT,
2/11/55.

55.
Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 215; Kennedy,
Himself!

56.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 252; O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 108; Johnson,
Successful Reform Litigation,
p. 482;
CT,
2/7/55.

57.
CT,
2/6/55.

58.
CT,
2/22/55;
CT,
2/1/55;
CT,
2/7/55.

59.
CT,
2/5/55; Ciccone,
Daley,
p. 120.

60.
Time,
3/7/55;
CT,
2/5/55;
CT,
2/24/54;
CT,
2/25/55.

61.
CT,
2/14/55;
CT,
2/20/55; Mathewson,
Up Against Daley,
pp. 41–42; Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 215.

62.
Travis,
Autobiography of Black Politics,
p. 208;
CT,
2/21/55;
CT,
2/18/55.

63.
CT,
2/8/55;
CT,
2/20/55;
CT,
2/11/55.

64.
CT,
2/21/55;
CT,
2/22/55.

65.
O’Connor,
Clout,
pp. 114–115.

66.
Biles,
Richard J. Daley,
p. 38;
CT,
2/24/55; O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 115.

67.
Ciccone,
Daley,
pp. 130–131.

68.
Fremon,
Chicago Politics Ward by Ward,
p. 180; O’Connor,
Clout,
p. 114.

69.
CT,
2/14/55;
CT,
2/23/55;
CT,
2/24/54;
NYT,
3/7/55.

70.
NYT,
12/26/54;
New York Post,
3/14/55.

71.
Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
pp. 263–264.

72.
Halberstam, “Daley of Chicago,” p. 26;
Life,
2/8/60;
National Observer,
2/11/62; Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
pp. 45–46.

73.
Time,
4/18/55; Beatty,
The Rascal King,
p. 11.

74.
Daniel Rostenkowski, interview with the authors; Allswang,
Bosses, Machines,
p. 21.

75.
CT,
3/6/55.

76.
CT,
3/4/55;
CT,
3/10/55; Rakove,
We Don’t Want,
p. 264.