American Experiment (275 page)

[Dos Passos on Socialist Party]:
quoted in Daniel Aaron,
Writers on the Left: Episodes in American Literary Communism
(Harcourt, Brace and World, 1961), p. 192.

[Communist Party, early Depression]:
Irving Howe and Lewis Coser,
The American Communist Party: A Critical History (1919–1957)
(Beacon Press, 1957). ch. 5.

[Dos Passos’s advice to the Communist Party]:
quoted in Aaron, p. 192.

553
[Democratic party, early 1930s]:
David Burner,
The Politics of Provincialism: The DemocraticParty in Transition, 1918–1932
(Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), pp. 244–45.

[Smith’s movement to the right]:
Burner,
Politics of Provincialism,
p. 245; McElvaine,
Great Depression, op. cit.,
pp. 123–24.

[Davis on Hoover’s “socialism”]:
Burner,
Politics of Provincialism,
p. 245.

[Cox’s demand for balanced budget and sales tax]: ibid.

[Graham on Democratic party]:
Otis L. Graham, Jr., “The Democratic Party, 1932–1945,” in Schlesinger, vol. 3, pp. 1939–64, quoted at p. 1940.

[Democrats and the sales tax]:
Burner,
Hoover,
pp. 280–82.

[La Guardia on sales tax bill]:
quoted in
ibid,
p. 281.

554
[1932 campaign for Democratic nomination]:
Burner,
Politics of Provincialism,
pp. 246–50; McElvaine, pp. 123–28; James MacGregor Burns,
Roosevelt: The Lion and the Fox
(Harcourt, Brace, 1956), pp. 123–34.

[FDR’s attack upon Hoover and Smith’s retort]: New York Times,
April 8, 1932, p. 1; Richard O’Connor,
The First Hurrah: A Biography of Alfred E. Smith
(Putnam’s, 1970), p. 251.

[Lippmann on FDR]:
Lippmann, “Governor Roosevelt’s Candidacy,” New York
Herald Tribune,
January 8, 1932, reprinted in Lippmann,
Interpretations: 1931–1932,
Allan Nevins, ed. (Macmillan, 1932), pp. 260, 262.

[Democratic convention, 1932]:
O’Connor, pp. 255–63; Frank Freidel,
Franklin Roosevelt: The Triumph
(Little, Brown, 1956), ch. 20; Michael Beschloss,
Kennedy and Roosevelt: The Uneasy Alliance
(W. W. Norton, 1980), pp. 69–73.

555
[McAdoo’s announcement]:
quoted in Burns, p. 137.

[Emerson on the rails]:
Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Young American,” in Emerson,
Nature: Addresses and Lectures
(Houghton, Mifflin, 1903; reprinted by AMS Press, 1979), pp. 363–95, quoted at p. 364.

[American Locomotive sales]:
William Manchester,
The Glory and the Dream
(Little, Brown, 1974). p. 34.

[Decline in rail employees]:
Thor Hultgren,
American Transportation in Prosperity and Depression
(National Bureau of Economic Research, 1948), p. 179 (Table 54).

[Decline in freight tonnage]: ibid.,
p. 355 (Table 141).

[Decline in dividends]: ibid.,
p. 336 (Chart 124).

[Decline in GNP]: Historical Statistics of the United States, op. cit.,
part 2, p. 224 (Series F 1–5).

[Decline in auto production]:
Hultgren, p. 350 (Table 136).

[Decline in oil production]: ibid,
p. 353 (Table 140).

[Decline in residential building contracts]:
Warren,
op. cit.,
p. 236.

555
[Decline in farm income]:
McElvainc,
Down and Out, op. cit.,
p. 27.

[Decline in steel production]:
Manchester, p. 34.

[Decline in retail sales]:
see Lynd and Lynd,
op. cit.,
p. 529 (Table 1).

556
[Families evicted, 1932]:
Manchester, p. 33.

[Businesses at home]:
Lynd and Lynd, p. 20.

[Middle-class economies]:
Bird,
op. cit.,
pp. 273–81.

[Union and nonunion wage decline]:
Bernstein,
op. cit.,
p. 320.

[Diet of Kentucky miner]:
quoted in “In the Driftway,”
The Nation,
vol. 134, no. 3492 (June 8, 1932), p. 651.

[Rouge demonstration]:
Allan Nevins and Frank Ernest Hill,
Ford: Decline and Rebirth, 1933–1962
(Scribner’s, 1962), pp. 32–34; Keith Sward,
The Legend of Henry Ford
(Rinehart, 1948), ch. 18.

[Bird on transients]:
Bird, p. 67.

[“They have to take you in”]:
Frost, “The Death of the Hired Man,” in Frost,
Selected Poems
(Henry Holt, 1923), pp. 13–20, quoted at p. 18.

[
“Professional bums” among transients]:
statement of Elliot Chapman,
Hearings
of a Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Manufactures,
Relief for Unemployed Transients,
72nd Congress, 2nd Session, January 13–25, 1933 (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1933), p. 112.

[Mayors on treatment of transients]:
“Digest” of mayors’ responses, in
ibid.,
quoted at pp. 192, 201, 190, 188, 189, 191, 194, 198, respectively.

557
[“Transients, do not apply”]:
testimony of Professor A. W. McMillen, in
ibid.,
p. 45.

[Open letter, September 1932]:
Aaron,
op. cit.,
pp. 196–98, quoted at p. 197.

[Wilson’s firsthand observations]:
see Wilson,
The American Jitters: A Year of the Slump
(Scribner’s, 1932); Wilson,
The American Earthquake: A Documentary of the Twenties and Thirties
(Doubleday, 1938); Wilson,
The Thirties,
Leon Edel, ed. (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980), pp. 208–14, quoted at pp. 208, 212.

[“Insist on working even without pay”]:
quoted in Bird, p. 76.

[“We cannot squander ourselves into prosperity”]:
quoted in Hoover,
Memoirs: The Great Depression, op. cit.,
p. 134.

[Ford on vagabonds]:
quoted in Manchester, p. 22.

558
[MacArthur deputy’s proposal]:
Brig. Gen. George Van Horn Moseley, quoted in Burner,
Hoover, op. cit.,
p. 307.

[Bonus Army]: ibid.,
pp.309–12; Roger Daniels,
The Bonus March
(Greenwood Publishing, 1971); Bernstein, ch. 13; Hoover,
Memoirs: The Great Depression,
pp. 225–32.

[“A polyglot mob”]:
F. Trubee Davison, quoted in Warren, p. 235.

[Stokes on Bonus March]:
quoted in Bernstein, p. 454.

[“Use all humanity”]:
quoted in Daniels, p. 165.

[“The President was pleased”]:
quoted in Bernstein, p. 454.

559
[“Brother, Can You Spare a Dimef”]:
lyrics by E. Y. Harburg, music by Jay Gorney, in
100 Best Songs of the 20’s and 30’s
(Harmony Books, 1973), pp. 271–74. The song was sung and popularized by Rudy Vallee.

A
  |  
B
  |  
C
  |  
D
  |  
E
F
  |  
G
  |  
H
  |  
I
  |  
J
K
  |  
L
  |  
M
  |  
N
  |  
O
P
  |  
Q
  |  
R
  |  
S
  |  
T
U
  |  
V
  |  
W
  |  
Y
  |  
Z

abolitionists, and 15th Amendment,
61–2

Abrams, Jacob,
504–5

Acheson, Edward,
290

Adams, Charles Francis,
32
,
73
,
207

Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.,
73
,
75
,
85–6
,
115

and railroads,
73
,
93
,
176

Adams, Henry, vii,
92
,
168
,
169
,
304–6
,
326

Democracy
,
169
,
192
,
194

Adams, John,
73
,
153

Adams, Samuel Hopkins,
348

Adamson Act (1916),
421

Addams, Jane,
123
,
371–2

as pacifist,
412
,
483

and Progressive party,
419

and settlement-house movement,
270–1
,
275–7
,
278

advertising;
518–19

AFL,
see
American Federation of Labor

Agassiz, Louis,
81
,
86–7

Age of Innocence, The
(Wharton),
321
,
322
agrarian revolt,
180–91

agriculture:

in California,
99

and Civil War,
20–1

in Depression,
543

machinery and tools for,
81
,
129

see also
farmers

Ahlstrom, Sydney,
516

airplanes,
288
,
290

in World War I,
436

Alaska,
220
,
340

Alcott, Louisa May,
30
,
261

Aldrich, Nelson,
330
,
335
,
336
,
357

Algeciras Conference (1905),
342

Alger, Horatio, Jr.,
159–60

Algerism (rags-to-riches myth),
143
,
144–5
,
159–60

Carnegie and,
102
,
161
; and McKinley,
234

Dempsey and,
532

and economic concentration,
390

Frick and,
224

Irish immigrants and,
259–60

La Follette and,
360

and political machines (urban),
265

aliens, deportation and repression of,
439–40

Allen, Frederick Lewis,
510
,
544–5

Altgeld, John P.,
227
,
276

Amador, Manuel,
339

Amalgamated Iron, Steel and Tin Workers,
224–6

Amendments to U.S. Constitution:

1st,
504
,
505

13th,
37
,
48
,
60

14th,
49
,
50
,
53
,
60
,
203–4
,
505

15th,
60–2
,
204

18th (Prohibition),
441

19th (“Susan B. Anthony”),
444–7

Bill of Rights,
504
,
523

American Federation of Labor (AFL),
178–80
,
282

and Depression,
551–2

membership of (1920s),
534

and Pullman boycott (1894),
227

and SLP,
396

and women,
280

American Railway Union (ARU),
227

American Woman Suffrage Association,
209

Amiens (France), battles for,
432
,
433
,
436

ammunition production (World War I),
430

Amory, Cleveland,
115

Ampère, André Marie,
83

Andrews, Stephen P.,
125

Anthony, Susan B.,
125
,
204
,
209

antitrust movement,
182
,
216

Brandeis and,
391–2

of Roosevelt (T.),
332–3
,
349–52

of Wilson,
389–91

Appleton, Thomas Gold,
87

Appomattox, Va.,
35

Arabic
pledge (World War I),
415
,
417
,
422

arbitration of labor disputes,
233–4
;
see also
strikes

Aristotle,
142

armed forces, American:

in World War I,
417
,
431–2
,
433–4
,
435–7
;

mobilization of,
427–30
;

return of, to society,
469

see also
Confederate Army; Navy; Union Army; veterans

Armory Show (1913),
311–12

Armour, Philip D.,
113–14

income of,
140

arms talks (20th century),
493–5

Arthur, Chester Alan,
223

arts, visual,
308–13

“Ash Can School” of painting,
310

Asquith, Herbert,
409

Asselineau, Roger,
193

assembly line,
479–80
,
482

Astor, Caroline Schermerhorn,
117–18

Atkinson, Edward,
156

Atlanta, Ga.,
29

automation,
479–80
,
482
;
see also
industry: machinery for

automobiles,
288
,
290

manufacture of,
479–80

Babbitt
(Lewis),
514
,
535

Baer, George F.,
333

Baker, Newton D.,
554

Baker, Ray Stannard,
455
,
474

Baltzell, E. Digby,
116

Bancroft, George,
101

banks and banking:

and Alliance Exchanges,
189

and China,
402

in Civil War period,
18

crises/failures of: 1873,
75
; 1893,
226

and farmers,
129

federal control of (20th century),
387

private,
88–90

and World War I fiscal aftermath,
496
,
497

see also
“money trust”

Banning, Phineas,
99

Barker, Jacob,
88

Bartholdi, Frédéric Auguste,
152
,
153–4

Barton, Bruce,
516

Barton, Clara,
50

Baruch, Bernard,
428–9