A Big Fat Crisis (44 page)
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Parks/park programs,
173–175
,
178
PE classes,
167–168
Pennington Biomedical Research Center study,
4–6
Performance standards,
148
and government certification programs,
158
,
159
and incentives,
158–159
and individual choice,
159–160
and labeling programs,
159
of restaurants and supermarkets,
158–160
and surveillance systems,
159
symbol identifying adherence to,
158
See also
Government regulation
“Performance Standards on Away from Home Foods,”
148
Perseverance, lack of,
14
Personal responsibility,
195–196
Persuasion,
90
Physical activity/exercise,
163–165
for adolescents/teens,
163–164
in Finland,
177–178
and “fit” and fat,
164
and leisure time,
173–178
and PE classes,
167–168
as protection against disease,
165–167
and related entitlements or safety net support systems,
164
resistance to,
166
and urban design,
171–173
vs. dieting, and lifespan,
170
,
187
vs. sedentary behavior,
164–165
and weight loss,
165–166
See also
Leisure time
Physiological conditions,
192
Placement
of items on menu,
134
See also
Food Placement
Plate size,
131
,
182–183
.
See also
Portion size
Polivy, Janet,
105
Pond’s Cold Cream,
99
Popkin, Barry,
72
Portion size,
51–53
,
53–54
,
56–57
,
183–184
government regulation of,
9
misperception of,
52
training in judging,
57
See also
Plate size
;
Portion size, standardized
Portion size, standardized,
121–123
,
129–132
,
137–138
,
141
and chronic diseases, warning notices for,
132
and family-size portions,
131
and individual preferences, adjustments for,
131–132
scientific support for,
131
and soda,
130–131
See also
Portion size
Poverty, and self-control,
32–33
Premature mortality,
147
Prepared foods, statistics on consumption of,
145
Price, and marketing techniques,
92
Priming,
133
and healthy food vs. unhealthy food,
95–96
as marketing technique,
94–97
sensitivity to,
97
and sidebar advertising,
96
and subliminal images,
96–97
and weight loss,
102–106
Principle of reciprocity,
155
Processed foods, and novelty and variety,
60
Product placement,
100–101
in television programs and movie theaters,
76
Profit motive,
77–78
Profitability, and Supermarket of the Future,
153–154
,
155
,
156
Prohibition,
126
,
127 (table)
.
See also
Alcohol/alcohol consumption
Projective technique,
89–90
Public health, and obesity epidemic,
109
,
116–120
,
197–198
,
204
Puerto Rico,
146
Punishment,
103
Raghubir, Priya,
55–56
Rational-actor theory of human behavior,
8
Rationalization of behavior,
41–43
Reciprocity, principle of,
155
Red meat,
146–147
Reese’s Pieces,
76
Repetition,
58–60
Restaurant of the Future,
205–206
consumer behavior laboratory in,
149–150
in Wageningen, Holland,
149–150
Restaurant standards
evaluating changes in,
149–151
proposal for,
148–149
See also
Government regulation
Restaurants,
2
and calories,
54
and combo meals,
83–84
design and management of,
144–145
in the future (
see
Restaurants of the Future
)
and government certification program,
148
,
157–158
and government health regulations,
146
,
157–158
government regulation of,
9
,
145–147
,
158–160
number of,
8
and obesity, blame for,
54
and performance standards,
158–160
and portion size,
53
,
54
,
121–122
and rating system,
157–158
and supersized meals,
18
Retail outlet stores, and government regulation, and impulse marketing,
133
and happiness,
97
sensitivity to,
14
Robinson, Terry,
96
Rolls, Barbara,
52–53
,
57–58
,
182
Rorabaugh, William,
123
Rozin, Paul,
129–130
Rudd Center (Yale University),
76
Rush, Benjamin,
125
Safety net support systems, and physical activity/exercise,
164
Salivation,
59
Salt/sodium,
4
government regulation of,
146
USDA guidelines for,
2
See also
Sweet, Salty, fatty foods/junk foods
Sam’s Club,
80
Sanitarians.
See
Environmental health specialists
Sanitation
government regulation of,
109
,
146
revolution, in England,
109–111
,
112–116
,
147
,
208
Saturated fat, USDA guidelines for,
2
.
See also
Fat
Schachter, Stanley,
104–105
Schools
and extracurricular sports,
168–169
and PE classes,
167–168
and Title IX,
168–169
Scientific laboratories
for food outlets,
145
See also
Consumer behavior laboratory
Sedentary behavior,
164–165
.
See also
Sitting
Sedentary jobs,
170
Self-control,
6–7
,
7–8
,
17
,
18
,
23–28
,
28–34
,
128–129
,
206
adult capacity for,
25–28
and brain functioning,
26–27
childrens’ capacity for,
23–27
and decision-making, and mental fatigue,
31–34
deterioration of over time,
29
and emotions, control of,
29–30
and executive functioning,
25–26
and feelings, control of,
29–30
and glucose,
30–31
limits of,
26–27
,
30
,
33–34
,
35–36
and mental fatigue,
30
and parental restrictiveness, with food,
24–25
and poverty,
32–33
as stable trait,
26
Self-discipline,
14
Self-regulation,
14
Senses,
45–46
Sensitivity
to priming,
97
to rewards,
14
Sensory-specific satiety,
58
,
59–60
Server training,
139
7-Eleven,
131
Shah, James,
97
Shapiro, Joseph,
190–191
Sharing food,
186
Sharpe, Kathryn,
83
Shiv, Baba,
36
Shopping behavior,
49
Sitting
and lifespan,
170
and metabolic syndrome,
170
mitigating the harms of,
176–177
See also
Sedentary behavior
Size and volume, of food and drinks,
55–57
Skinner, B. F.,
103
Slaton, Joyce,
85
Slotting fees,
75
Small bowls, and mindless eating,
131
.
See also
Plate size
Smoking.
See
Tobacco/smoking
Snack food,
74–75
and snacking reduction policies and practices, in workplace,
189
Soda
and counter-advertising,
136–137
,
137 (photo)
standardized serving size of,
130–131
South Africa,
101–102
South Central Los Angeles,
82
