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30
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The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
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31
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The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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Annual Review of Nutrition
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32
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Appetite
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33
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34
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Appetite
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35
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Physiology & Behavior
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36
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37
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38
. Gallo A. Fewer food products introduced in last 3 years.
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39
. Chartrand TL, Bargh JA. The chameleon effect: the perception-behavior link and social interaction.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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40
. Johnston LU. Behavioral mimicry and stigmatization.
Social Cognition
. Feb 2002;20(1):18–35.

41
. de Castro JM, Brewer EM. The amount eaten in meals by humans is a power function of the number of people present.
Physiology & Behavior
. Jan 1992;51(1):121–125.

42
. Tanner R, Ferraro R, Chartrand T, Bettman JR, Van Baaren R. Of chameleons and consumption: the impact of mimicry on choice and preferences.
Journal of Consumer Research
. Apr 2008;34(6):754–766.

43
. Ibid.

PART II: THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT

Chapter 5: Abundant and Cheap

1
. Levitsky DA, Halbmaier CA, Mrdjenovic G. The freshman weight gain: a model for the study of the epidemic of obesity.
International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
. Nov 2004;28(11):1435–1442.

2
. Khush G. Productivity improvements in rice.
Nutrition Reviews
. Jun 2003;61(6) Pt 2:S114–116.

3
. Ibid.

4
. USDA-ERS. Food CPI, prices and expenditures: food expenditures by families and individuals as a share of disposable personal income.
www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-expenditures.aspx#26636
. 2013.

5
. Ibid.

6
. Drewnowski A, Darmon N. The economics of obesity: dietary energy density and energy cost.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
. Jul 2005;82(1) Suppl:265S–273S.

7
. Jeffery RW, Utter J. The changing environment and population obesity in the United States.
Obesity Research
. Oct 2003;11 Suppl:12S–22S.

8
. Goodwin BK, Mishra AK, Ortalo-Magne F. The buck stops where? The distribution of agricultural subsidies. National Bureau of Economic Research, NBER Working Papers: 16693; 2011.

9
. Rickard BJ, Okrent AM, Alston JM. How have agricultural policies influenced caloric consumption in the United States?
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Agricultural and Resource Economics Update
. 2007;11(2).

10
. Ibid.

11
. Leibtag E. Where you shop matters: store formats drive variation in retail food prices.
Amber Waves
.
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. 2005.

12
. Krebs-Smith SM, Reedy J, Bosire C. Healthfulness of the U.S. food supply: little improvement despite decades of dietary guidance.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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13
. CSPI. Pestering parents: how food companies market obesity to children.
2003;
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. Accessed Nov 9, 2004.

14
. Institute of Medicine.
Food Marketing to Children and Youth: Threat or Opportunity?
Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2005.

15
. Speers SE, Harris JL, Schwartz MB. Child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage brand appearances during prime-time television programming.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine
. 2011;41(3):291–296.

16
. Tirodkar MA, Jain A. Food messages on African American television shows.
American Journal of Public Health
. Mar 2003;93(3):439–441.

17
. Ibid.

18
. FTC.
A Review of Food Marketing to Children and Adolescents
.
www.ftc.gov/os/2012/12/121221foodmarketingreport.pdf
. 2012.

19
. Ibid.

20
. Nestle M. The era of ads: food marketing to kids goes viral.
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.
The Atlantic
. April 22, 2011.

Chapter 6: A Food Desert? Try a Swamp

1
. USDA-ERS.
Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food: Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences
.
www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/AP/AP036/AP036fm.pdf
. 2009.

2
. Ibid.

3
. Sorenson H.
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. Upsaddle River, NJ: Pearson Education; 2009.

4
. Farley TA, Baker ET, Futrell L, Rice JC. The ubiquity of energy-dense snack foods: a national multicity study.
American Journal of Public Health
. Feb 2010;100(2):306–311.

5
. Price C. Trends in eating out.
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.
USDA ERS
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6
. Sharpe KM, Staelin R. Consumption effects of bundling: consumer perceptions, firm actions, and public policy implications.
Journal of Public Policy & Marketing
. 2010;29(2):170–188.

Chapter 7: Marketing Obesity

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.
BabyCenter Blog; Mom stories
. 2012.

2
. McAlister AR, Cornwell TB. Children’s brand symbolism understanding: links to theory of mind and executive functioning.
Psychology & Marketing
. 2010;27(3): 203–228.

3
. Wedel M, Pieters R.
Visual marketing: from attention to action
. New York: Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2008.

4
. Wedel M, Pieters R. Introduction to visual marketing.
Visual Marketing: From Attention to Action
. New York: Taylor & Francis Group/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 2008:1–8.

5
. Childers TL, Jass J. All dressed up with something to say: effects of typeface semantic associations on brand perceptions and consumer memory.
Journal of Consumer Psychology
. 2002;12(2):93–106.

6
. Doyle JR, Bottomley PA. Font appropriateness and brand choice.
Journal of Business Research
. Aug 2004;57(8):873–880.

7
. Kahneman D. A perspective on judgment and choice: mapping bounded rationality.
American Psychologist
. Sep 2003;58(9):697–720.

8
. Steinman RB. Projective techniques in consumer research.
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9
. Laibson D, Zeckhauser R. Amos Tversky and the ascent of behavioral economics.
Journal of Risk and Uncertainty
. April 1998;16(1):7–47.

10
. Dhar R, Wertenbroch K. Consumer choice between hedonic and utilitarian goods.
Journal of Marketing Research
. Feb 2000;37(1):60–71.

11
. Khan U, Dhar R. Where there is a way, is there a will? The effect of future choices on self-control.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
. May 2007;136(2):277–288.

12
. Kivetz R, Urminsky O, Zheng Y. The goal-gradient hypothesis resurrected: purchase acceleration, illusionary goal progress, and customer retention.
Journal of Marketing Research
. 2006;43(1):39–58.

13
. Hsee Christopher K, Zhang J, Yu F, Xi Y. Lay rationalism and inconsistency between predicted experience and decision.
Journal of Behavioral Decision Making
. Oct 2003;16(4):257–272.

14
. Hsee Christopher K, Yu F, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Medium maximization.
Journal of Consumer Research
. Jun 2003;30(1):1–14. See also: Turley LW, Milliman RE. Atmospheric effects on shopping behavior: a review of the experimental evidence.
Journal of Business Research Retail Atmospherics
. Aug 2000;49(2):193–211.

15
. Milliman RE. The influence of background music on the behavior of restaurant patrons.
Journal of Consumer Research
. Sep 1986;13(2):286–289.

16
. North A, Hargreaves D, McKendrick J. The influence of in-store music on wine selections.
Journal of Applied Psychology
. Apr 1999;84(2):271–276.

17
. North AC, Shilcock A, Hargreaves DJ. The effect of musical style on restaurant customers’ spending.
Environment and Behavior
. Sep 2003;35(5):712–718.

18
. Bargh JA. Losing consciousness: automatic influences on consumer judgment,
behavior, and motivation.
Journal of Consumer Research
. 2002;29(2):280–285.

19
. Halford J, Gillespie J, Brown V, Pontin E, Dovey T. Effect of television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children.
Appetite
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20
. Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD. Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior.
Health Psychology
. 2009;28(4):404–413.

21
. Ibid.

22
. Shapiro SU. When an ad’s influence is beyond our conscious control: perceptual and conceptual fluency effects caused by incidental ad exposure.
Journal of Consumer Research
. Jun 1999;26(1):16–36. See also: Law S, Braun KA. I’ll have what she’s having: gauging the impact of product placements on viewers.
Psychology & Marketing
. Dec 2000;17(12):1059–1075. See also: Baker W. When can affective conditioning and mere exposure directly influence brand choice?
Journal of Advertising
. 1999;28(4):31–46.

23
. Berridge KC, Winkielman P. What is an unconscious emotion? (the case for unconscious “liking”).
Cognition and Emotion
. 2003;17(2):181–211.

24
. Goetz MC, Goetz PW. What’s the use of being happy? mood states, useful objects, and repetition priming effects.
Emotion
. Aug 2007;7(3):675–679.

25
. Shah JY, Kruglanski AW. Priming against your will: how accessible alternatives affect goal pursuit.
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
. Jul 2002;38(4):368–383.

26
. Ibid. See also: Shah JY. The automatic pursuit and management of goals.
Current Directions in Psychological Science
. Feb 2005;14(1):10–13. See also: Shah JY, Kruglanski AW. When opportunity knocks: bottom-up priming of goals by means and its effects on self-regulation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
. Jun 2003;84(6):1109–1122.