A Big Fat Crisis (43 page)
Authors: Deborah Cohen
conditioning oneself to dislike,
185
“gourmet,”
82
increased price of,
138
prohibition on, in nonfood establishments,
141
and Supermarket of the Future,
152
on television/in movies,
18
See also
Sweet, salty, fatty foods/junk foods
;
Unhealthy food
;
Vice food
Kellogg’s,
77
Kennedy, Edward,
194
Kennedy, Teddy, Jr.,
194
Kotler, Philip,
93
Krishna, Aradhna,
56
Kroger company,
80
Kruglanski, Arie,
97
Labeling/labeling programs,
130
,
148
,
159
.
See also
Calorie-labeling
;
Warning labels
LapBand surgery,
14
Leisure time,
173–178
and park programs,
173–175
and street events,
175–176
and television,
176–177
See also
Physical activity/exercise
“Let’s Move” campaign,
177
Letters to the editor,
188
Levine, Harry,
123
Levitsky, David,
52
Lewis, Charlie,
100
Libet, Benjamin,
46
Lifespan, and physical activity/exercise vs. dieting,
170
,
187
Light rail systems,
172
Liver cirrhosis,
123
.
See also
Chronic disease
;
Disease
environmental health specialists (aka sanitarians) in,
146
Los Angeles City Council,
82
Los Angeles County, restaurant rating system in,
157–158
Loyalty programs, as marketing technique,
92
Lung cancer,
146
.
See also
Chronic disease
;
Disease
Luoto, Jill,
73
Macy’s,
82
Mandela, Nelson,
102
Manipulation,
90
Marketing
and consumer preferences,
89–90
disdain for,
184–185
and exploitation,
89
influence of,
89
and persuasion vs. manipulation,
90
See also
Advertising
;
Impulse marketing
;
Marketing techniques
Marketing strategies,
204
Marketing techniques,
90–93
and atmospherics,
93–94
and food swamps,
80
and incentives,
93
and instant gratification,
91–92
and loyalty programs,
92
and mere exposure conditioning,
99–102
and music,
93–94
and price,
92
and priming,
94–97
for Supermarket of the Future,
155
and valuation,
93
vulnerability to,
106
See also
Advertising
;
Impulse marketing
;
Marketing
Mass transit,
171–172
and portion size,
53
Mead, Margaret,
190
purchasing, and consumption, link between,
154
Meat, red,
146–147
Memory, and eating,
39–41
Mental activities, ability to control,
180
Mental contamination,
42–43
Mental fatigue
decision-making, and self-control,
31–34
and self-control,
30
Menu, placement of items on,
134
Mere exposure conditioning,
99–102
.
See also
Conditioning
Metabolic syndrome,
170
.
See also
Chronic disease
;
Disease
Milliman, Ronald,
94
Mimicry,
61–65
and advertising,
65
and immigrants, assimilation of,
64–65
Mindless Eating
(Wansink),
131
Mindless eating/unconscious eating,
7
,
37
,
38 (fig.)
,
49–50
,
61–65
,
131
.
See also
Automatic processing
;
Impulsivity/impulsive behaviors
Minorities,
77
Mobile media,
77
Morgan, Catherine,
16
Mortality, premature,
147
Movie theaters,
76
Movies
product placement in,
100–101
Muscular inactivity,
170
Music, as marketing technique,
93–94
National Academies, Institute of Medicine,
76
National Cancer Institute,
40
National Institutes of Health,
148
nurses’ health study,
20–21
research budget of,
151
National transportation systems,
171
National Weight Control Registry (NWCR),
19–20
Nestle, Marion,
18
New Mexico,
135
New Orleans,
135
New York City
Central Park,
176
counter-advertising in,
136–137
,
137 (photo)
and soda, government regulation of,
130–131
and trans fat, ban on,
145–146
New York City Health Department,
197
No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement
(Shapiro),
190–191
Noncognitive processing,
7
,
17
,
35–38
,
38 (fig.)
,
39
,
48
,
76
,
86–87
.
See also
Automatic processing
Nonfood establishments
and food placement,
82
and junk food, prohibition on,
141
junk food sold at,
75
Nonfood images, vs. food images,
48
Nonprofit institutions, and food sales, profit from,
77–78
North, Adrian,
94
Nurses’ health study,
20–21
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act,
130
Nutrition training, of food service employees,
160–161
NWCR.
See
National Weight Control Registry
Obese, definition of,
3n
Obesity
behavioral treatments for,
102–106
blame for, and fast food vs. sit-down restaurants,
54
causes of,
6–8
emotional pain of,
14
fast food as primary cause of,
82
health risks of,
4
,
14
,
146–147
(
see also
Chronic disease
;
Disease
)
and premature mortality,
147
stereotypical view of,
14
stigma of,
14
struggling with,
13–14
See also
Weight gain
Obesity epidemic
and alcohol regulation as model for obesity control,
126–128
,
129
and food environment, thirty-year transformation of,
71
reframing our view of,
14–15
,
191–192
regulation of (
see
Government regulation
)
as result of exposure to obesogenic environment,
191–192
See also
Health crisis
Obesity epidemic, solutions to,
8–9
,
129–141
and age limits,
139–140
and counter-advertising,
135–138
and impulse marketing, restrictions on,
132–135
,
137–138
and junk food, increased price of,
138
and outlet density, restrictions on,
138
,
140
,
141
and server training,
139
and standardized portion sizes,
129–132
,
137–138
and warning labels,
138–139
and workplace intervention,
139
Obesogenic environment,
191–192
Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition (OPEN) Study,
40–41
Older adults,
174
Olmsted, Marion P.,
105
OPEN Study.
See
Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition Study
Opioid system,
50
Osteoporosis,
4
,
163
.
See also
Chronic disease
;
Disease
Outlet density, restrictions on,
138
,
140
,
141
Overfeeding study,
4–6
Overweight, definition of,
3n
Packard, Vance,
65
Page, Thomas,
116–117
Papies, Esther,
104
Parental restrictiveness, with food,
24–25
