When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry (89 page)

[>]
 "
American Jews, so frequently":
Lucy Dawidowicz,
American Jewish Yearbook
(1968): 204.
In New York:
Description of Six-Day War's effect on American Jews is from special section in
American Jewish Yearbook
(1968).
"
Many Jews would never have":
Arthur Hertzberg, "Israel and American Jewry,"
Commentary
(August 1967): 69–73.

[>]
 "
I think it must":
Quoted in
American Jewish Yearbook
(1968): 211.
The answers show:
Results of survey discussed in ibid., 214–16.

[>]
 
On the streets of Borough Park:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
55–57.

[>]
"
the liberal Jew":
Fackenheim, "Liberal Judaism," 301.
"
the authentic Jew":
Staub,
Torn at the Roots,
132.
The neighborhood of:
History of Ocean Hill-Brownsville conflict from newspaper reports and Podair,
The Strike.

[>]
 
The schism was:
Harris and Swanson,
Black-Jewish Relations,
106.
"
The age we live":
Kahane,
On Jews,
34.

[>]
 
On June 18, 1968:
Biographical information on Meir Kahane and the history of the JDL come from Friedman,
False Prophet;
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League;
Russ, "'Zionist Hooligan'"; Goodman, "I'd Love to See"; Kaufman, "Complex Past"; author interviews with Yossi Klein Halevi, Eli Birnbaum.
"
founder of a group":
Quoted in Friedman,
False Prophet,
89.

[>]
 "
Most Jews came":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
101.
"
The Jewish Defense":
Ibid., 98.

[>]
 "
Jews, carrying baseball":
"Defense League Scored by Rabbi,"
New York Times,
May 18, 1969.

[>]
 "
maybe destiny sent":
Friedman,
False Prophet,
19.

[>]
In June of 1966:
The Estelle Donna Evans story was uncovered in Kaufman, "Complex Past"; it's discussed further in Friedman,
False Prophet,
71–75.

[>]
 
The disenchantment had begun:
Author interview with Lou Rosenblum.

[>]
 "
should they not":
Hillel Levine to Lou Rosenblum, March 1968, quoted in interview of Hillel Levine by Lou Rosenblum, December 27, 1987, from Rosenblum personal files.
Rosenblum wanted:
Author interview with Lou Rosenblum; Rosenblum's interview with son.

[>]
 "
Why are you":
Kahane connection to Geula Cohen, Yitzhak Shamir, and the Herut Party detailed in Friedman,
False Prophet,
105–07.

[>]
 
In the city:
Ibid., 94–96.
On Halloween:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
79.
Nothing, however, prepared:
December 1969 JDL Soviet Jewry actions and riot from news reports and Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
1–4.

[>]
 "
Our attacks upon":
Friedman,
False Prophet,
109.

5. "Escape, Daughter of Zion Dwelling in Babylon"

[>]
 
Kuznetsov's decision to:
Biographical information on Kuznetsov from author interview with him; Rubenstein,
Soviet Dissidents,
169–71; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
145–47.

[>]
By chance, the first:
Author interview with Mendelevich.
Sylva Zalmanson:
Sylva Zalmanson biographical information from author interview with her.

[>]
Like Kuznetsov had been:
Mark Dymshits biographical information from author interview with him; Butman,
From Leningrad,
77–78.

[>]
"
You don't have to fantasize":
Butman,
From Leningrad,
78.
Dymshits laid out:
Story of Operation Wedding from author interviews with Hillel Butman, Shlomo (Soyma) Dreizner, Lev Yagman, David Chernoglaz, Lassal Kaminsky, and Anatoly Goldfeld; Butman,
From Leningrad,
78–143.

[>]
 "
Just you listen":
Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
95–96.

[>]
 "
Would you be willing":
Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 43.

[>]
 "
Our organization now":
Butman,
From Leningrad,
120.

[>]
 "
If Butman doesn't":
Ibid.

[>]
 
The mini-cell of:
Story of hijacking drawn from author interviews with Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Sylva Zalmanson, Israel Zalmanson, Zev (Vulf) Zalmanson, Yosef Mendelevich, Anatoly Altman, Boris Penson, and Aryeh Khnokh; Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 43–53; Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
92–99; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
141–212.

[>]
 "
This is our driver":
Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 46. "
Jewish ears should":
Butman,
From Leningrad,
139.

[>]
 "
Unconfirmed sources report":
Memorandum from Andropov to the CPSU Central Committee in Morozov,
Documents,
84–85.

[>]
 
He began working:
Details of last testament from interview with Mendelevich; Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 51; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
182–83.

[>]
 "
Flee from the Northern":
Text of testament reprinted in Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
182–83.

[>]
"
The leaders stayed":
Author interview with Aryeh Khnokh.

[>]
 
Plan for Basic:
Memorandum from V. Stepakov to the CPSU Central Committee, in Morozov,
Documents,
71–73.
"'
Everyd ayb rings
'": Ibid., 72–73.

[>]
 "
I have had Leonid":
Bernard Gwertzman, "Soviet Jews, at a News Parley, Back Moscow's Mideast Policy,"
New York Times,
March 5, 1970.

[>]
 
To obscure what he:
Author interview with Eduard Kuznetsov.
"
It's kept unoccupied":
Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
20–21.
"
with the intimate":
Ibid., 108.

[>]
 "
Why ever did I":
Ibid., 105.
The trial finally:
Details of the trial from author interviews with Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Sylva Zalmanson, Israel Zalmanson, Zev (Vulf) Zalmanson, Yosef Mendelevich, Anatoly Altman, Boris Penson, and Aryeh Khnokh; Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 88–94; Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
74–92; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
157–212; Korey,
Soviet Cage,
201–28.

[>]
 "
Permit me to decide":
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
161.

[>]
 "
Did you commit":
Korey,
Soviet Cage,
215.
"
We have been speaking":
Transcripts of the trial were informal; people who were present in the courtroom went home and wrote down what they remembered (as was common practice for all dissident cases). These documents were then reproduced in the samizdat journal
Chronicle of Current Events,
issue number 17, and subsequently translated and published in the United States by Amnesty International as
Chronicle of Current Events,
issues number 16 to 27.

[>]
 "
Does it really":
Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
112.
"
We shall never":
Statements at the Leningrad Hijacking Trial,
Chronicle of Current Events
(1971): 57–65.

[>]
 "
Today on the day":
Ibid.
"
indiscriminate in the":
Ibid.
"
Haven't these Bolsheviks":
Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 93.
They should sing:
Ibid., 94.

6. Outrageous Things

[>]
As the sixties curdled:
Description of Meir Kahane and the JDL taken from Friedman,
False Prophet;
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League;
Russ, "'Zionist Hooligans' "; Goodman, "I'd Love to See"; Kaufman, "Complex Past"; Rosenthal,
Rookie Cop;
author interviews with Yossi Klein Halevi, Eli Birnbaum.
One officer from:
Rosenthal,
Rookie Cop,
83–86.

[>]
 "
The most important":
Goodman, "I'd Love to See."
"
I know Meir":
Halevi,
Memoirs,
86.

[>]
 "
Listen, Brezhnev, and listen well":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
24–25; Halevi,
Memoirs,
94–95.

[>]
 "
We meet this afternoon":
Irving Spiegel, "Lindsay Urges U.S. Stand,"
New York Times,
December 29, 1970.

[>]
 
At ten in the evening:
Description of commutation in Kuznetsov,
Prison Diaries,
132–35.
"
I cannot remember":
Ibid., 134.

[>]
 
This time, the trial:
Details of second Leningrad trial, Riga trial, and Kishinev trial from author interviews with Butman, Dreizner, Shpilberg, Chernoglaz, Goldfeld, Yagman, Kaminsky, and Shepshalovich; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
195–238; Korey,
Soviet Cage,
229–75.

[>]
"
We shall avoid":
Memo from Rosenblum, Louis Rosenblum papers, box 1, folder 1.
Rosenblum had a list:
Author interview with Lou Rosenblum; Rosenblum interview with son.

[>]
 
In synagogue after:
Ozick, "24 Years."
"
All my life":
Cynthia Ozick to Rosenblum, December 18, 1970, CCSA Archives, container 2, folder 44.

[>]
 "
The Six-Day War":
Ozick, "24 Years."
Rather than gently:
In an AJC Oral Interview, November 28, 1989, Yoram Dinstein said, "I told my superiors, we have, in my opinion, to declare war on them. To declare war on them."

[>]
 
Lou Rosenblum had never:
Conversation from interview with Lou Rosenblum and his interview with his son.
"
He went on to inform":
Yaroslavsky to Rosenblum, April 25, 1970, CCSA Archives, container 4, folder 120.
"
the first martyr":
Rosenblum to Union of Councils members, April 27, 1970, CCSA Archives, container 5, folder 134.
In his note:
Rosenblum to Ambassador Y. Rabin, May 4, 1970, CCSA Archives, container 4, folder 120.

[>]
 
Feeling like he had:
Description of meeting and Rosenblum's demands from handwritten personal recollection by Rosenblum in CCSA Archives, container 4, folder 120, as well as author interview with Rosenblum.

[>]
 Pravda
warned that:
Bernard Gwertzman, "Jews in Soviet Are Warned Against Espousing Zionism,"
New York Times,
February 20, 1971.

[>]
 "
If I could speak":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
50.
"
I have listened":
Henry Ginger, "World Jews Make a Plea to Moscow,"
New York Times,
February 26, 1971.

[>]
 "
lost opportunity":
Dr. Herbert'S. Caron, "Point of View,"
Cleveland Jewish News,
March 12, 1971.
Menachem Begin, encountering:
Levanon,
Code Name,
381.

[>]
 "
I went to Brussels":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
56.
When a black limousine:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
98.

[>]
 
Most of the daily reports:
Material from Meir Kahane FBI file #105–207795.
"
Kahane has seriously":
Ibid.

[>]
 "
take over the entire":
Ibid.

[>]
 
In fact, it felt:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
103–05.
"
What marked March 21":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
145.

[>]
 
After news of:
Kahane's reaction reported in Rosenthal,
Rookie Cop,
166.
He needed a good:
Kahane's connection to Colombo detailed in Friedman,
False Prophet,
121–26.

[>]
 "
It's a human brotherhood":
Morris Kaplan, "Kahane and Colombo Join Forces to Fight Reported U.S. Harassment,"
New York Times,
May 14, 1971.
A few months:
Kaufman, "Complex Past."

[>]
 "
In this country":
Morris Kaplan, "Kahane Gets Suspended Five-Year Sentence in Bomb Plot,"
New York Times,
July 24, 1971.

[>]
 
A friend of Yossi:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
110.
"
It was the Soviet":
Tad Szulc, "Shots at Soviet Mission Stir Bitter Debate in the U.N.,"
New York Times,
October 22, 1971.
He called Kahane:
"Kahane Is Rebuffed by Bush at Meeting,"
New York Times,
October 26, 1971.