When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry (90 page)

[>]
 "
whose appetite for profits":
Kahane,
Jewish Defense League,
9.

[>]
 "
We were scared":
Les Ledbetter, "Firebomb Kills Woman, Hurts 13 in Hurok Office,"
New York Times,
January 27, 1972.

[>]
 "
I think the people":
Walter Goodman, "A Firebomb for an Impresario,"
New York Times,
January 30, 1972.
As if this publicity:
"Yevtushenko Composing Poem on Hurok Fire,"
New York Times,
January 28, 1972.

[>]
 "
Poor Iris":
"Bombs for Balalaikas,"
Yevtushenko's Reader,
147–50.
Before dropping out:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
122–54.

7. Birth of the Refusenik

[>]
 
Vladimir Slepak was home:
Biographical information on Slepak from author interview with him;
Refusenik
transcript of interview with Vladimir and Masha Slepak; Potok,
Gates of November.

[>]
 "
sent a letter":
Memorandum from Andropov to the CPSU Central Committee in ibid., 103–04.
"
nationalist convictions":
Memorandum from Andropov to the CPSU Central Committee, in Morozov,
Documents,
102.

[>]
"
Whenever you cut":
Potok,
Gates of November,
103.

[>]
Among their friends:
Author interview with David Drabkin.

[>]
 "
to isolate the applicant":
Azbel,
Refusenik,
247.

[>]
 
Christopher Wren:
Author interview with David Shipler.

[>]
 "
Who am I":
Quoted in Rubenstein,
Soviet Dissidents,
154.

[>]
 "
As a result of enemy":
Andropov to Central Committee in Rubenstein and Gribanov, eds.,
KGB File,
120–21.

[>]
 
It survived its:
Rubenstein,
Soviet Dissidents,
131.
"
Any mass restrictions":
Chalidze,
To Defend,
101.
"
We sign this":
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
118.

[>]
 "
The right of Jews":
Quoted in the
Near East Report,
"Soviet Jews Seek Right to Emigrate," vol. 15–17 (1971): 32.
Ishkod
was a documentary:
Story of
Ishkod
in Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
98–102.

[>]
 "
The movement continues":
Ibid., 102.
That they were:
Description of sit-ins from press reports; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
328–35; Azbel,
Refusenik,
242–45.

[>]
 "
changed the face":
Azbel,
Refusenik,
243.
"
Zionism is Fascism!":
Ibid., 245.
"
The people from Riga":
Ibid.

[>]
 
That night for the first:
Author interview with Vladimir Slepak; Potok,
Gates of November,
162–64.

[>]
 "
because of your noncompliance":
Potok,
Gates of November,
162.

[>]
 "
We demand that":
Quoted in Cohen, ed.,
Let My People,
232.
At the beginning:
Statistics from Altshuler,
Soviet Jewry,
234–35.
Mark Azbel, the physicist:
Azbel,
Refusenik,
91.

[>]
 "
aprivileged caste":
Ibid., 132.
Alexander Lerner was:
Biographical information on Lerner is drawn from his memoir
Change of Heart.

[>]
 "
Anyone who took":
Ibid., 17.
"
When we had made":
Ibid., 12.
"
Stop to think":
Ibid., 20.

[>]
 "
I tried to identify":
Theodore Shabad, "Representative Scheuer Is Held Briefly by the Police in Moscow,"
New York Times,
January 13, 1972.

[>]
 "
In order to facilitate":
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
337.
"
We would be very":
NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 2.

[>]
 
To his surprise:
Lerner,
Change of Heart,
191–92.

8. Linkage

[>]
 
Senator Henry Jackson:
Biographical information on Jackson from Kaufman,
Henry M. Jackson;
Ognibene,
Scoop.

[>]
 "
This society is":
Kaufman,
Henry M. Jackson,
230.

[>]
 "
holding these people":
"McGovern Criticizes Soviet,"
New York Times,
August 17, 1972.
Kahane, predictably:
"Warning by Kahane,"
New York Times,
August 22, 1972.
An editorial cartoon:
The cartoon, by Paul Conrad, appeared in the
Los Angeles Times
on September 24, 1972.
Perle, a thirty-year-old:
Biographical information on Perle from his interview with the author; Winik,
On the Brink,
47–49.

[>]
 
Running the shop:
Fosdick bio in Kaufman,
Henry M. Jackson,
83–85.

[>]
 "
You will understand":
Martin J. Hillenbrand, Assistant Secretary for European Affairs, State Department, to Herschel Schacter, November 7, 1970, NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 2.
"
Since the president's trip":
Richard Maass to Max Fisher, July 27, 1972, in ibid.
Perle decided:
Story of Jackson-Vanik amendment from author interviews with Perle, Amitay, Korey;
Refusenik
transcript of interview with Mark Talisman; Stern,
Water's Edge;
Korey, "Jackson-Vanik Amendment," "Struggle Over Jackson-Mills-Vanik," "Jackson Amendment"; Albright, "The Pact."

[>]
 "
The time has come":
Quoted in Stern,
Water's Edge,
32.
"
I am mindful":
Richard Maass to Jerry Goodman, April 17, 1972, NCSJ Archives, box 5, folder 3.

[>]
 "
does not intend":
"Nixon 'Won't Politicize' on Soviet Jewry,"
Los Angeles Times,
September 27, 1972.
"
unnecessarily irritating":
Javits is quoted in Korey, "Struggle Over Jackson-Mills-Vanik."

[>]
 "
they expressed the opinion":
The memo was composed for the administration by Leonard Schroeter, the Seattle lawyer who wrote
The Last Exodus.
Its contents were revealed in "Private Note Says Nixon Visit Worsened Jews' Problem,"
Los Angeles Times,
September 24, 1972.

[>]
 "
Just imagine":
Rabin,
Rabin Memoirs,
231.
"
Mr. Secretary, two-thirds":
From
Washington Post,
October 18, 1972, in NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 7.

[>]
 "
There are now a lot":
Isaacs,
Jews and American Politics,
255; in an interview with the author, Amitay revealed that he'd thought he was speaking off the record when Isaacs recorded him.

[>]
 "
Hello, Professor Einbinder":
Congressman Albert Quie of Minnesota talking to Boris Einbinder, November 20, 1972, NCSJ Archives, box 5, folder 8.

[>]
 "
If we get":
Isaacs,
Jews and American Politics,
256.

[>]
"
The problem is":
Rabin,
Rabin Memoirs,
230.
"
You must understand":
Ibid.

[>]
 
In a Politburo meeting:
Excerpts from minutes of the Politburo meeting in Morozov,
Documents,
170–76.

[>]
 "
Now, I have heard":
Quoted in Stern,
Water's Edge,
68.

[>]
 "
a brash, opinionated":
Memo from Bert Gold to Hyman Bookbinder, Jerry Goodman, and Richard Maass, NCSJ Archives, box 6, folder 1.

[>]
 "
Mr. President, if you":
Description of meeting with Nixon and quote is from Albright, "The Pact," 34.
"
I am standing":
Quoted in Stern,
Water's Edge,
70.
"
a storm will hit":
Nixon quoted in Dallek,
Nixon and Kissinger,
477.
A retired multimillionaire:
Fisher biographical material from Golden,
Quiet Diplomat.

[>]
 
It was a historic:
Description of event from author interview with Jerry Goodman. "
You're now back":
Albright, "The Pact," 25–26.
"
You gentlemen have":
Golden,
Quiet Diplomat,
279.

[>]
 "
This may be":
Safire,
Before the Fall,
575.

[>]
 "
They had their own":
Recording of conversation between Kyrill Henkin and Lou Rosenblum, April 21, 1973, CCSA Archives, cassette A-41.
"
Remember—the history":
Recording of message from Kyrill Henkin, April 23, 1973, CCSA Archives, cassette A-42.
"
effort to alleviate":
Quoted in Korey, "Struggle Over Jackson-Mills-Vanik," 219.

[>]
 "
Look, you go":
Quoted in Stern,
Water's Edge,
81.
"
Of all the human":
Henry Jackson commencement address to Yeshiva University, June 4, 1973, from NCSJ Archives, box 31, folder 6.
"
Now, the White House":
Ibid.

[>]
 "
We do not have":
Hedrick Smith, "Brezhnev Praises Nixon for 'Realistic' Approach,"
New York Times,
June 15, 1973.
On Monday night:
Description of Fisher and Stein at Brezhnev reception in Golden,
Quiet Diplomat,
282–83.

[>]
 "
Mr. President":
Ibid., 279–80.
"
I do not know":
Ibid., 284–85.

[>]
 "
The administration is always":
Albright, "The Pact," 28.
"
will result in":
Transcript of remarks by Hertzberg at the network conference, Paramount Hotel, December 25, 1973, in CCSA Archives, container 8, folder 244.
On December 4:
Korey, "Struggle Over Jackson-Mills-Vanik," 233.
"
a defense of international":
Sakharov's letter reprinted in Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
387–88.

[>]
 "
Would you agree":
Transcript of press conference on June 29, 1974, in NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 8.

[>]
 "
Eloquent appeals":
Philip Shabecoff, "President Warns Policy of Détente Bars Interfering,"
New York Times,
June 6, 1974.

[>]
 "
Experience shows":
"Excerpts from Speeches by Brezhnev and Nixon During a Dinner in Moscow,"
New York Times,
June 28, 1974.
"
he expressed":
Jerry Goodman memo of meeting with Vice President Ford, May 3, 1974, in NCSJ Archives, box 6, folder 2.

[>]
 "
the President's direct":
"Accord Expected on Jews in Soviet,"
New York Times,
August 16, 1974.

[>]
 "
We have reached":
Stern,
Water's Edge,
163–64.

[>]
 "
I doubt whether":
Haskel Lookstein to Jerry Goodman, October 21, 1974, in NCSJ Archives, box 6, folder 2.
"
The Soviets felt":
Bernard Gwertzman, "Kissinger Leaves Moscow Hopeful on Arms Accord,"
New York Times,
October 28, 1974.
"
create[d] a distorted":
Stern,
Water's Edge,
168.

[>]
 "
among the shabbiest":
Quoted in Buwalda,
They Did Not,
243.
Jackson told:
Bernard Gwertzman, "Bill Advances Despite Russian Disavowal,"
New York Times,
December 19, 1975.
"
advocates of tension":
Soviet commentary from Korey, "Jackson Amendment," 169.

[>]
 
As Kissinger would:
Ibid., 166.
"
When the Soviet":
Henry Kissinger to Stanley Lowell, April 14, 1975, in NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 8.
"
I will, of course":
Korey, "Jackson Amendment," 170.
"
The 1972 Trade":
"Text of Kissinger Statement on Accord Cancellation,"
New York Times,
January 15, 1975.

[>]
 "
shock and consternation":
Stanley Lowell to Gerald Ford, December 19, 1974, in NCSJ Archives, box 30, folder 3.
"
For the rest":
Albright, "The Pact."

9.
Politiki
and
Kulturniki

[>]
 
A serious divide:
Story of rift from author interviews with Lunts, Prestin, Abramovich, Voronel, Fain, and Beilin; Azbel,
Refusenik,
412–14; Sharansky,
Fear No Evil,
99–101; Toth, "Split Among."

[>]
 
Shcharansky had grown:
Biographical information on Shcharansky (who later changed the spelling of his last name to Sharansky) from author interview;
Refusenik
transcript with Natan and Avital Sharansky; Sharansky,
Fear No Evil;
Gilbert,
Shcharansky; Jerusalem Post
staff,
Anatoly and Avital.