When They Come for Us, We'll Be Gone: The Epic Struggle to Save Soviet Jewry (88 page)

[>]
 "
The Jew cannot settle down":
Arthur Hertzberg, "America Is Galut,"
Jewish Frontier
31 (July 1964): 7–8.

[>]
 
But the loss of a Jewish community:
History of Beth Israel from author interviews with Lou Rosenblum, Herb Caron.

[>]
 
In an address given:
Jabotinsky,
The War,
289.

[>]
"
American Jews suffer these days":
Irving Howe, "Tevye on Broadway,"
Commentary
38 (November 1964): 73–75.

[>]
Avigur was typical:
Raviv and Melman,
Every Spy,
103–04.
Avigur was soon called back:
Early history of Nativ detailed in Levanon,
Code Name;
Peretz, "Nativ's Emissaries"; AJC Oral Interviews with Nehemiah Levanon, Moshe Decter, Meir Rosenne; author interview with Meir Rosenne.

[>]
 
Decter had grown up:
Biographical information on Decter and his involvement in the Lishka from AJC Oral Interview, February 22, 1990; Peretz, "Nativ's Emissaries," 118–19; and Levanon,
Code Name,
192–93.
"
Make it specific with facts":
Levanon,
Code Name,
193.

[>]
 
In order to avoid:
Peretz, "Nativ's Emissaries," 119.

[>]
 "
Sovietpolicy as a whole":
Decter, "Status of Jews."

[>]
"
In selling wheat":
CCSA Archives, container 1, folder 3.

[>]
 
Caron recorded the:
Answers to survey from Herb Caron's personal files.

[>]
 "
a few statistics about us":
CCSA Archives, container 1, folder 2.
In the fall of 1963:
Details of appeal to Kennedy in Lawrence,
Three Million,
169–75; Ro'i,
The Struggle,
186–89.

[>]
 
Behind the scenes:
Richard H. Davis to W. Averell Harriman, August 30, 1963, quoted in Frey dissertation, "Challenging the World's Conscience."

[>]
 "
We are proud of our":
Lawrence,
Three Million,
173.
The Conference of Presidents:
History of the Presidents Conference's founding in Sachar,
History of the Jews,
726; J. J. Goldberg,
Jewish Power,
152–53.

[>]
 "
It is wrong to generate":
Quoted in Orbach,
American Movement,
34.

[>]
 "
Intellectual evasion":
Heschel,
Insecurity,
217–18.

[>]
 "
A Jew is asked":
Ibid., 137–38.
The year 1963:
Branch, 30–32.
"
This does not mean": Day-Morning Journal,
September 13, 1963.

[>]
 "
If we are ready":
Heschel,
Insecurity,
273.

[>]
"
The question is not":
CCSA Archives, container 1, folder 2.
"
Knowing how responsible":
Goldmann to Weinstein, February 20, 1964, included as an addendum to Weinstein, "Soviet Jewry," 616.

[>]
 "
What's next?":
Rosenblum interview with his son.
"'
Immediately upon
'": Quoted in Orbach,
American Movement,
25.

[>]
 
In early 1964:
Information on Yaakov Birnbaum and early years of SSSJ comes from Birnbaum interviews with the author, as well as material provided by Birnbaum.

[>]
 
And he could see:
Additional background on the early days of SSSJ from interviews with Glenn Richter, Sandy Frucher, Irving "Yitz" Greenberg, and Yossi Klein Halevi.

[>]
 "
If Soviet authorities": Jewish Exponent,
April 10, 1964.

[>]
 "
The time has come":
SSSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.

[>]
 
One of these:
Author interview with Glenn Richter.

[>]
 "
Our great demonstration":
SSSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.

[>]
 "
to make possible":
AJCSJ Declaration of Purpose, NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.
"
our action":
Statement to Secretary of State Dean Rusk, April 7, 1963, NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.
"
You have lost":
Sachar,
History of the Jews,
731.

[>]
 
In a closed meeting:
NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.
Maislen later described:
Maislen report to AJC meeting, October 19, 1964, NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 1.

[>]
 "
Who is leading":
Birnbaum to Javits, July 19, 1964, SSSJ Archives, box 1, folder 2.

3. A Circumcision at the Dacha

[>]
The six men:
Information on Leningrad organization and biographies of activists from interviews with Hillel Butman, Shmuel (Soyma) Dreizner, Aron Shpilberg, David Chernoglaz, Lev Yagman, Lassal Kaminsky, and Anatoly Goldfeld;
Refusenik
transcripts with some of the same men; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
50–60; Butman,
From Leningrad,
13–74.

[>]
 
Starting in the mid-1950s:
Ro'i,
Struggle,
318.

[>]
 
They managed:
Details of Tsirulnikov case in ibid., 279–80; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
55.

[>]
 "
So what if I've":
Gitelman,
Century of Ambivalence,
80.
During the war:
History of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and its demise from the introduction to Rubenstein and Naumov, eds.,
Stalin's Secret Pogrom.

[>]
 
And though it has:
Most recent discussion of the Doctors' Plot and alleged mass deportation in Brent and Naumov,
Stalin's Last Crime.

[>]
As their work:
Story of suitcase from interviews with Butman, Shpilberg, Boris Slovin; Butman,
From Leningrad,
66–72.

[>]
 
On one of the war's:
Kochubievsky story from the author's interview with Boris Ashi (formerly Kochubievsky) and from Decter, ed.,
A Hero.
"
invaders are killing prisoners":
Quoted in Korey,
Soviet Cage,
126.
"
want to copy":
Ibid.

[>]
 "
We are convinced":
Decter, ed.,
A Hero,
34.

[>]
 "
I am a Jew":
Ibid., 12.

[>]
 "
The Soviet government":
From
Izvestia,
June 11, 1967, quoted in Morozov, ed.,
Documents,
66.
"
We, on our side":
Quoted in Ro'i,
The Struggle,
246.

[>]
 "
The autumn Jewish religious":
Memorandum from Andropov to the CPSU Central Committee in Morozov, ed.,
Documents,
63–64.

[>]
 
But it was Yasha:
Kazakov story from author's interview with Yasha Kazakov (later Kedmi); Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
88–90;
Refusenik
transcripts.

[>]
 "
I, Yakov Iosifovich":
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
89.
"
I am a Jew":
Decter, ed.,
Redemption!,
16.

[>]
 "
systematically disseminating":
Decter, ed.,
A Hero,
19.

[>]
 
The judge cut him:
Ibid., 22.

[>]
"
In the highest bureaucratic":
Quoted in Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
384.

[>]
 
Andropov extended this:
Memorandum from Andropov and Gromyko to the CPSU Central Committee in Morozov, ed.,
Documents,
65–66.

[>]
 
The Slovins were:
Author interview with Boris and Leah (Lydia) Slovin.

[>]
Yosef Mendelevich:
His process of applying and aftermath comes from his interview with the author; Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 32–36.

[>]
"
We are not wanted":
Cohen,
Let My People,
33.
"
I categorically declare":
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
75.

[>]
 "
Showered with insults":
Ibid., 123–24.

[>]
 
Even though such:
Story of VKK from author interviews with Shlomo (Soyma) Dreizner, Aron Shpilberg, David Khavkin; Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
91.

[>]
 
They decided to:
Details of Riga group evolution and work on
Iton
in Mendelevich,
Operation "Wedding,
" 37–42.

[>]
 
A major initiative:
Schroeter,
Last Exodus,
95–96.

4. The Overall Orchestra

[>]
 
The Reb Shlomo:
Story of Prague trip and origins of "Am Yisrael Chai" from undated interview with Shlomo Carlebach conducted by Yossi Klein Halevi; author interview with Yaakov Birnbaum.
Already a recognizable:
Biographical information on Carlebach from Mandelbaum,
Holy Brother,
xxix-xxxv.

[>]
"
Ever since the days":
SSSJ Archives, box 1, folder 2.

[>]
 "
The sound of":
SSSJ Archives audio file, tape 317, NBC News report on SSSJ Jericho March (April 4, 1965).
"
A group that uses":
Ibid., ABC News report on Menorah March (December 19, 1965).
Yossi Klein was only:
Halevi,
Memoirs,
47–48.

[>]
 
Later that night:
Ibid., 51.
"
The Soviet Jewry protest":
"Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry,"
Hadassah
magazine, December 1965.
Yeshiva students were not:
According to a study conducted in 1973 by Jim Schwartz, 65 percent of the members considered themselves Orthodox.

[>]
 "
There's a fire burning":
Lyrics provided by Birnbaum and in
Hadassah
magazine, December 1965.

[>]
 
When Moshe Decter:
SSSJ Archives audio file, tape 318, Moshe Decter at Westside Jewish Center, November 1, 1964.

[>]
 "
We don't have":
CCSA Archives, container 1, folder 3.
"
From its inception":
CCSA Archives, Louis Rosenblum,
Spotlight,
November 1965.

[>]
 "
operating under the premise":
Rosenblum to Nemzer, May 17, 1965, quoted by Rosenblum in interview with son.
He decided to focus:
Information on development of CCSA from interviews with Lou Rosenblum and Herb Caron.

[>]
 "
We, the representatives":
Declaration of Rights for Soviet Jewry, NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 4.
"
event was merely":
CCSA Archives, Louis Rosenblum,
Spotlight,
May 1966.

[>]
 "
In a spirit":
Description of Madison Square Garden event and Johnson's quote in Friedman and Chernin, eds.,
Second Exodus,
41; Ro'i,
The Struggle,
198.
"
the sincere and genuine":
SSSJ Archives audio file, tape 324, address by Martin Luther King Jr., December 11, 1966.

[>]
 "
the current Vietnam":
Memorandum of conversation, Department of State, August 4, 1966, files of W. W. Rostow, box 17, folder: Visitors 1966 (WWR), Lyndon B. Johnson Library, quoted in Frey, "Changing the World's Conscience." "
it is not the purpose":
Madison Square Garden material, NCSJ Archives, box 1, folder 4.
"
To compare in any way":
Statement by Dr. Nahum Goldmann, June 10, 1965, Horace Kallen Papers, box 10, folder 21, quoted in Frey, "Changing the World's Conscience."

[>]
 "
wait-and-see ostrich":
Moshe Decter to Sidney L. Regner, Central Conference of American Rabbis Records, box 19, folder 7, quoted in ibid.
Starting in 1965:
Biographical information on Levanon from Peretz, "Nativ's Emissaries," 116–17; AJC Oral Interview with Levanon, December 3, 1989; Levanon,
Code Name,
15–183.

[>]
 "
Let me again":
Moshe Decter to Louis Rosenblum, November 15, 1965, CCSA Archives, container 1, folder 4.

[>]
 "
nearly Byzantine":
Ibid.
"
As you well know
": Moshe Decter to Herb Caron, December 16, 1965, Herb Caron personal files.

[>]
 "
it is time":
Moshe Decter to Rabbi Shimon Paskow, April 17, 1966, in ibid.
Since the publication:
Wiesel biographical information from Wiesel,
All Rivers;
Stern,
Elie Wiesel.
The jovial Rosenne:
Wiesel,
All Rivers,
366.

[>]
 "
I refused to believe":
Wiesel,
Jews of Silence,
13–14.

[>]
 "
Do you know
": Ibid., 19–20.
"
Time after time":
Ibid., 23–24.
"
Where did they":
Ibid., 58–85.

[>]
 "
One may question":
Ibid., 126–27.