War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race, Expanded Edition (89 page)

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129.
Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
130.
Buckv. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
131.
Buck v. Bell 274 U.S. 200 (1927).
132.
Buckv. Bell 274 U.S. 200(1927).
133.
Smith, pp. 16, 179. Lombardo, “Three Generations, No Imbeciles,” p. 61.
134.
Harry H. Laughlin,
Eugenical Sterilization: 1926; Historical, Legal, and Statistical Review o[ Eugenical Sterilization in the United States
(New Haven, CT: The American Eugenics Society, 1926), p. 60.
135.
Laughlin,
Eugenical Sterilization:
1926
, pp. 21-22,60. Abraham Myerson et. aI.,
Eugenical Sterilization: A Reorientation o[ the Problem
(New York: The Macmillan Company, 1936), p. 10.
136.
Human Betterment Foundation,
Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization
(ca. 1940), Truman D -4-2: 11.
137.
Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization.
138.
E. Carleton MacDowell, “Charles Benedict Davenport, 1866-1944. A Study of Conflicting Influences,”
BIOS
Vol. XVII, no. 1, p. 30.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1.
See US Const, Amend XIX.
Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography
(W. W. Norton & Company, 1938; New York: Dover Publications, 1971), p. 13.
2.
Ellen Chesler,
Women of Valor 
(New
York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 68.
3.
Sanger, pp. 86-89, 213-215. Also see Chesler, p. 62. Also see Margaret Sanger,
The Pivot of Civilization
(New York: Brentano’s, 1922), p. 29. See Doris Weatherford,
American Women's History,
(New York: Prentice Hall General Reference, 1994), pp. 182-183.
4.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
pp. 90-92. Also see Chesler, p. 63.
5.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
p. 92.
6.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
pp. 92-93,107-108, 190, 192-209,292-294. Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 12, 16,26-27,272-273. Margaret Sanger, “Address,” read at the Thirtieth Annual Meeting luncheon of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, New York City, 25 October 1950, p. 1: Wellcome Institute, Box 112. David M. Kennedy,
Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger,
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970), pp. 256-257.
7.
Sanger, Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 14, 18-21190-192,194. Sanger,
An Autobiography,
p. 308. See also Sanger,
An Autobiography,
pp. 301-304.
8.
See Planned Parenthood Foundation of America, “Our Founder: Margaret Sanger” at
www.plannedparenthood.org
.
9.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 101-102. See Julian Huxley, “Towards A Higher Civilization,”
Birth Control Review
(December, 1930), p. 344. “Editorial,”
Birth Control Review
(March, 1928), p. 73.
10.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 101. Huxley, p. 344.
11.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
pp. 376-377. Margaret Sanger, “A Plan for Peace,”
Birth Control Review,
April 1932, pp. 107-108. Margaret Sanger, excerpt from “Racial Betterment,”
The Selected Papers o[ Margaret Sanger: Volume
1:
The Woman Rebel, 1900-1928,
edited by Esther Katz (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003), p. 446.
12.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 104, 108-109, 113-117,120-121,123.
13.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 109,112, 116. Margaret Sanger, “Is Race Suicide Probable?”
Col/ier)-,
August 15,1925, p. 25 as selected by Michael W. Perry, ed.,
The Pivot of Civilization: In Historical Perspective
(Seattle, WA: Inkling Books, 2001), p. 176.
14.
Katz, pp. 333-334. Chesler, pp, 343-344. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Notes on Sources,”
The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
1929-1937 at
www.nyu.edu
. Henry Pratt Fairchild,
The Melting-Pot Mistake
(Boston: Little, Brown, and Company: 1926), pp. 109-112.
15.
See Roswell H.Johnson, “The Eugenic Aspects of Population Theory,”
Birth Control Review,
September 1930, pp. 256-258. See Eleanor DwightJones, “Practical Race Betterment,”
Birth Control Review,
July 1928, pp. 203-204. See American Medicine, “Intelligent or Unintelligent Birth Control?”
Birth Control Review,
May 1919, p. 12. See Sanger, “Address,” p. 3. See Perry, p. 176.
16.
Victoria C. Woodhull, “The Rapid Multiplication of the Unfit,” as selected by Perry, p. 31.
17.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 81.
18.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
p. II.
19.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
p. 29.
20.
Sanger,
An Autobiography,
pp. 107-108.
21.
Stephen S. Wise, “The Synagogue and Birth Control,”
Birth Control Review,
October 1926, pp. 301-302. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “ABCL Staff, Officers, and Board Members for
1921-1928,”
The American Birth Control League
1921-1939
at
www.nyu.edu
.
22.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 189.
23.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 105.
24.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 108.
25.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 116-117.
26.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 115.
27.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 123.
28.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 112.
29.
Margaret Sanger,
Woman and the New Race
(New York: Brentano’s, 1920), Chapter 6.
30.
H. G. Wells, Introduction to Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. xvi.
31.
“Intelligent or Unintelligent Birth Control?” Also see Sanger,
Woman and the New Race,
Chapter 4.
32.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 104.
33.
Sanger, Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 101-102.
34.
Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 277, 282. Also see “Principles and Aims of the American Birth Control League,” pamphlet: California State Archives.
35.
Sanger,
Woman and the New Race,
Chapter 3.
36.
Sanger,
Woman and the New Race,
Chapter 3.
37.
Letter, Isabelle Keating to Margaret Sanger, 4 January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Isabelle Keating, 15 January 1932: Margaret Sanger Papers Project.
38.
John C. Duvall, “The Purpose of Eugenics,”
Birth Control Review,
December 1924, p. 344: California State Archives.
39.
Sanger,
Woman and the New Race,
Chapter 7.
40.
Sanger,
Woman and the New Race,
Chapter 5.
41.
Perry, p. 176.
42.
Lothrop Stoddard,
The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy
(New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926), pp. 303-304.
43.
Stoddard, pp. 259-260, 306.
44.
Margaret Sanger Papers Project,
The American Birth Control League
1921-1939. Letter, Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret. See
The American Birth Control League
1921-1939
. “Tentative Program,” program of the Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference: Truman E-I-I:l.
45.
Eugenics Research Association,
Officers and Committee List of the Eugenics Research Association- January
1927 (Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Eugenics Research Association, 1927): Truman, ERA Membership Records. Professor Irving Fisher, “A Reply,”
Official Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Race Betterment
(Battle Creek, MI: The Race Betterment Foundation, 1915).
46.
Letter, Sanger to Osborn, 6 October 1921. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Irving Fisher, 26 March 1925: Truman E-l-l:1.
47.
Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Staff Members, Officers, Board Members, Chairman and Committee Members,”
The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
1929-1937
at
www.nyu.edu
. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “BCFA Staff, Officers, Board and Committee Members,”
The Birth Control Federation of America
1939-1942 at
www.nyu.edu
. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “Organization of Council,”
The Birth Control Council of America
1937
at
www.nyu.edu
. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, “BCCRB Staff, Officers, Council Members, and Board Members,”
The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
1928-1939
at
www.nyu.edu
. Margaret Sanger Papers Project, faxed list of letters berween Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt Fairchild.
48.
Fairchild, pp. 150,261.
49.
The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
1929-1937.
The Birth Control Federation of America
1939-1942.
The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau 1928-1939.
American Birth Control League, “World Population Conference,”
Eugenical News
Vol. XII (1927), p. 133. Faxed list of letters berween Margaret Sanger and Henry Pratt Fairchild.
50.
“Tentative Program.”
51.
Roswell H. Johnson, “Population Control by Immigration,”
Birth Control Review,
February 1932, p. 57. “A Plan for Peace,” pp. 107-108. Katz, p. 446.
52.
See Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
pp. 101-102.
53.
See Sanger,
Pivot of Civilization,
p. 104. See Margaret Sanger, “An Answer to Mr. Roosevelt,”
Birth Control Review,
December 1917, as reprinted in Perry, pp. 156-157.
54.
“Eugenics vs. Birth Control,”
Eugenical News,
Vol. II (1917), p. 73.
55.
Letter, Margaret Sanger to Henry F. Osborn, 6 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport-Sanger, Margaret. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Margaret Sanger, 21 October 1921: APS B:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret.
56.
Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Margaret Sanger, 13 February 1925:APSB:D27 Davenport - Sanger, Margaret.
57.
Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H. Laughlin, 13 March 1925: Truman E-l-l:1. “Tentative Program.” Letter, Margaret Sanger to Harry H. Laughlin, 24 March 1925: Truman E-I-l :l. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Margaret Sanger, 26 March 1925: Truman E-I-I:1.
58.
Margaret Sanger, “Editorial,”
The Birth Control Review
Vol. IX, No.6 (June, 1925), p. 163. See Letter, Paul Popenoe to Madison Grant, 14 April 1928: APS B:D27 Grant, Madison #5. Also see “Birth Control and Eugenics,”
Eugenical News
Vol. X (1925), p. 58.
59.
“Editorial.” “Birth Control and Eugenics.” See Paul Popenoe and Roswell Hill Johnson,
Applied Eugenics,
rev. ed. (New York: The MacMillan Company, 1935). Also see “Birth Control and Eugenics,” p. 58.
60.
“Editorial,” pp. 163-164.
61.
“Tenth Annual Meeting of the Executive Committee of the Eugenics Research Association,”
Eugenical News
Vol. VII (1922), p. 89.
62.
Letter, Leon F. Whitney to Charles B. Davenport, 3 April 1928: APS B:D27 Davenport - Leon Whitney # 1. “Tentative Program.”
The National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control
1929-1937
.
The Birth Control Federation of America
1939-1942
.
The Birth Control Council of America. The Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
1928-1939
. Also see Chesler, p. 217.
63.
Reverend Albert P. Van Dusen, “Birth Control as Viewed by a Sociologist,”
Birth Control Review,
May 1924, p. 133.
64.
Duvall, p. 345.
65.
Duvall, p. 345. Van Dusen, p. 134.
66.
Whitney to Davenport, 3 April 1928.
67.
Popenoe to Grant, 14 April 1928.
68.
Popenoe to Grant, 14 April 1928.
69.
Letter, Madison Grant to Leon F. Whitney, 15 April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #5. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 21 April 1928: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #5.
70.
Davenport to Grant, 21 April 1928. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Leon F. Whitney, 5 April 1928: APS B:D27 Davenport - Leon Whitney #1.
71.
Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928.
72.
Davenport to Whitney, 5 April 1928.
73.
Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F. Perkins, 9 February 1933: VT PRA-21. See State of Vermont Department of Buildings and General Services, “Content and Historical Significance of Records,”
The Papers of the Eugenics Survey of Vermont
at
www.bgs.state.vt.us
.
74.
Letter, Henry Pratt Fairchild to Dr. Harry F. Perkins, 8 March 1933 : VT PRA-21.
75.
Fairchild to Perkins, 8 March 1933.

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