Virtual History: Alternatives and Counterfactuals (79 page)
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Authors: Niall Ferguson
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19
See ‘Honeckers Wohlgefallen an Rot-Grün’ in the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, 12 October 1995, p. 14.
See ‘Honeckers Wohlgefallen an Rot-Grün’ in the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, 12 October 1995, p. 14.
20
According to Jacques Attali,
Verbatim: II
, 1986-8, quoted in
The Economist
, 15 July 1995, p. 91. For Mitterrand’s preference for Jaruzelski over Walesa, see Laughland,
Death of Politics
, p. 245.
According to Jacques Attali,
Verbatim: II
, 1986-8, quoted in
The Economist
, 15 July 1995, p. 91. For Mitterrand’s preference for Jaruzelski over Walesa, see Laughland,
Death of Politics
, p. 245.
22
See the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, 20 January 1995, and the
International Herald Tribune
, 20 January 1995. Emphasis added.
See the
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
, 20 January 1995, and the
International Herald Tribune
, 20 January 1995. Emphasis added.
24
Quoted in John Dunlop,
The Rise of Russia and the Fall of the Soviet Empire
(Princeton, 1993), pp. 121-2.
Quoted in John Dunlop,
The Rise of Russia and the Fall of the Soviet Empire
(Princeton, 1993), pp. 121-2.
25
See Marcel Ophuls,
Walls Come Tumbling Down
, documentary for BBC television, 10 November 1990, which broadcast the contrasting reactions to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Even the Stalinist
fainéant
Herr Krenz thought Mrs Thatcher closer to the spirit of the moment than the EU’s current Transport Commissioner.
See Marcel Ophuls,
Walls Come Tumbling Down
, documentary for BBC television, 10 November 1990, which broadcast the contrasting reactions to the fall of the Berlin Wall. Even the Stalinist
fainéant
Herr Krenz thought Mrs Thatcher closer to the spirit of the moment than the EU’s current Transport Commissioner.
26
General Powell apparently argued in August 1990, ‘I don’t see the senior leadership taking us into armed conflict for the events of the last 24 hours. The American people do not want their young dying for $1.50-gallon oil.’ See ‘Inside Story: Why the Gulf War Ended When It Did’ in the
International Herald Tribune
, 24 October 1994.
General Powell apparently argued in August 1990, ‘I don’t see the senior leadership taking us into armed conflict for the events of the last 24 hours. The American people do not want their young dying for $1.50-gallon oil.’ See ‘Inside Story: Why the Gulf War Ended When It Did’ in the
International Herald Tribune
, 24 October 1994.
28
For the pipeline issue, see Garton Ash,
In Europe’s Name
, pp. 70, 257; and p. 90 for the plan to supply 30 per cent of West Germany’s natural gas from the Soviet Union by 1989 - which would have meant, if not a stranglehold, certainly a pressure on the Federal Republic’s notoriously exposed fuel-importing jugular.
For the pipeline issue, see Garton Ash,
In Europe’s Name
, pp. 70, 257; and p. 90 for the plan to supply 30 per cent of West Germany’s natural gas from the Soviet Union by 1989 - which would have meant, if not a stranglehold, certainly a pressure on the Federal Republic’s notoriously exposed fuel-importing jugular.
29
With the disruption of the Soviet economy caused by
perestroika
, Gorbachev was not in fact in a position to exploit the oil crisis resulting from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Soviet oil production actually fell and, for instance, the USSR sold 30 per cent less oil to its former East European satellites in 1990-1. See Gale Stokes,
The Walls Come Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe
(Oxford, 1993), p. 188.
With the disruption of the Soviet economy caused by
perestroika
, Gorbachev was not in fact in a position to exploit the oil crisis resulting from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Soviet oil production actually fell and, for instance, the USSR sold 30 per cent less oil to its former East European satellites in 1990-1. See Gale Stokes,
The Walls Come Tumbling Down: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe
(Oxford, 1993), p. 188.
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