Tudor (84 page)

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of: on Henry VIII's desire for annulment,
175
; shows French ambassador seal belonging to King Arthur,
179
; buries Henry Fitzroy,
211
; and Pilgrimage of Grace,
214
; Henry VIII marries his niece,
222
; Cranmer hopes to break influence,
224; Henry sends to Tower,
235
; saved from execution by Henry's death,
237

Norfolk, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of,
344
,
347–8

Norham Castle,
135
,
177

Norris, Sir Henry,
201–2
,
203
,
204
,
206

Northampton, Battle of (1460),
23

Northampton, Marquess of
see
Parr, William, Marquess of Northampton

Northumberland, Earl of (under Elizabeth I),
344

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 4th Earl of,
29–30
,
69
,
70
,
71

Northumberland, Henry Percy, 6th Earl of,
163
,
164
,
206

Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of: background,
236
; becomes Earl of Warwick,
240
; puts down religious uprisings,
250
; becomes Lord president,
250–1
; reformist changes made by,
252
; destroys Somerset,
254–5
; made Duke of Northumberland,
255
; involves Edward VI in matters of state,
256
; falls out with Cranmer,
257
; escorts Mary I into London and lectures her on religion,
258–9
; marries son to Lady Jane Grey,
260–1
; attempts to conciliate Mary I,
262
; and Edward VI's will,
264
,
265
; plans in event of Edward's death,
265
; and Jane's reign,
269
; popular opposition to,
271
; leads Jane's army against Mary,
274
; Mary intends him as scapegoat,
275
; death,
277

Norwich,
358–9

Nostradamus,
304

Orléans, Duke of,
161

Owen, Sir David: his mother,
25
; and Henry VII's childhood,
27
; supports Henry's invasion,
65
; at Henry's wedding,
80
; knighted after siege of Boulogne,
94
; at Arthur's wedding,
108
; goes to Scotland to serve Margaret,
114
; pays for tomb for father,
115
; speaks at Henry VIII's marriage trial,
174
; death,
212–13

Oxford, John de Vere, Earl of,
65
,
70

Paget, Sir William,
238–9
,
250

Parma, Duke of,
374

Parr, Anne,
260

Parr, Katherine: appearance and background,
228–9
; marriage to Henry VIII,
228
; at Lennox wedding,
230
; gift from Henry,
248
; ladies-in-waiting,
231
; Edward VI's closeness to,
232
; Protestant leanings provoke trouble with Henry,
233–4
; at his funeral,
242
; Elizabeth I lives with,
245–7
; her warnings to Elizabeth,
310
; marriage to Thomas Seymour,
246
; death,
246–7

Parr, William, Marquess of Northampton,
252
,
253
,
255
,
260
,
261
,
262
,
274
,
275

Parry, Thomas,
247–8

Paul III, Pope,
190–1
,
192
,
219

Paul IV, Pope,
298

Pavia, Battle of (1525),
159

Pembroke, Earl of
see
Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke

Pembroke Castle,
20–1
,
26
,
27
,
28

Percy, Sir Charles,
384

Percy, Sir Jocelyn,
384

Perth Priory,
411

Peterborough Cathedral,
195
,
373

Philip II, King of Spain: appearance,
290
; seeks to marry Mary I,
280
,
284
; does so,
290–1
; at court,
292
; at Margaret Clifford's wedding,
419
; returns to Continent,
295
; supports Elizabeth I as heir,
296
; attempts to find her a husband,
297
,
298
; returns to England,
297–8
; provokes Mary to war with France,
298
; returns to Continent again,
299
; unable to be at Mary's deathbed,
300
; reaction to her death,
301
; relations with Elizabeth early in her reign,
308
; and the Armada,
367–8
,
374
; right to English throne,
374
; dramatic representations,
408
; and Belvoir Castle codex,
422

Philip III, King of Spain,
393

Philip the Fair, Duke of Burgundy,
95
,
116
,
117

Philips, John,
352

Pilgrimage of Grace (1536–37),
213–14
,
404

Pilkington, James, Bishop of Durham,
356

Pius V, Pope,
357

Pole, Arthur,
327
,
329
,
339

Pole, Edmund (under Edward VI),
329
,
339

Pole, Edmund de la (under Henry VII and VIII)
see
Suffolk, Edmund de la Pole, Duke of

Pole, John de la, Duke of Suffolk
see
Suffolk, John de la Pole, Duke of

Pole, John de la, Earl of Lincoln
see
Lincoln, John de la Pole, Earl of

Pole, Margaret
see
Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of

Pole, Cardinal Reginald,
219–20
,
291–2
,
298
,
299
,
301

Pole, Richard de la,
134
,
159

princes in the Tower
see
Edward V, King of England
;
York, Richard, Duke of

Puritans,
352

Quadra, Bishop Alvarez de,
313
,
314
,
315
,
321

Raglan Castle,
28–9

Raleigh, Sir Walter,
238

Reformation
see
religion

religion: medieval attitude,
22
,
106
; Books of Hours,
27–8
; Masses for the Dead,
91–2
; English church buildings,
105
; Mass ceremony,
105–6
; Luther's teaching,
164–5
,
170
,
171
; humanist attitude,
170–1
; papal authority,
170
,
171
; Henry VIII becomes head of Church of England,
179
,
183
; Paul III seeks rapprochement with England,
190–1
; dissolution of monasteries,
199
,
214–15
,
404
; other religious changes under Henry VIII,
212–13
; Pilgrimage of Grace,
213–14
,
404
; Henry's attempts to shape Church of England,
218–19
,
232–4
,
404
; Counter-Reformation,
232
; changes under Edward VI,
243
,
244–5
,
249
,
252–3
,
256
,
257
; resulting religious unrest,
249–50
; Mary I defends old ways,
249
,
251–2
,
253–4
,
258–9
; Book of Common Prayer,
249
,
257
; forty-two articles,
257
; Mary overthrows Edward's reforms,
281
,
282
,
283
,
284
,
301
,
405
,
406
; England goes back to Rome,
291–2
; Mary's heresy burnings,
293–4
,
405
,
406
; and Elizabeth I's coronation,
306
; her religious settlement,
309
,
311
,
329
,
355–7
,
407
; Scottish Reformation,
311–12
; Catholic
persecution,
318
,
327
,
357
,
361
,
368
,
407
; Leicester's support for Puritans,
352
; St Bartholomew's Day Massacre,
357
; Catholics consider murdering Elizabeth,
361–2
; Babington plot,
368–9
; Armada as religious crusade,
368
,
374
; and issue of Elizabeth's heir,
380–2
; ongoing demonization of Catholics,
408–9

Rennes,
60

Riccio, David,
338–9

Richard II, King of England,
1
,
12
,
31

Richard III, King of England: appearance, background and character,
44
; swears oath of loyalty to Edward V,
43–4
; takes him into his care,
44–6
; takes throne for himself,
46–9
; royal progress,
51
; and princes in the Tower,
51–6
,
400
,
401–2
,
405–6
; Buckingham's failed plot,
52–3
,
57–8
; piracy against Breton ships,
56
; attempts to have Henry VII returned from Brittany,
60
; proves excellent ruler,
61
,
121
; loss of son and wife,
61–2
; believed to be considering marriage to Elizabeth of York,
62
; tries to defend against Henry VII's invasion and dies at Bosworth,
5
,
63–73
; discovery of remains,
398–9

Richmond Palace,
108–9
,
119
,
390

Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London,
293

river pageants,
185

Rivers, Anthony Woodville, Lord,
43
,
44
,
45
,
47

Robsart, Amy,
307–8
,
310
,
313–14

Rochford, Jane Boleyn, Lady,
205
,
225
,
226

Rome: Charles V's sack of,
168–9

rose symbol,
19
,
31
,
77–8
,
81
,
409

Ross, Alexander, Duke of,
138
,
148
,
149–50
,
152

Rowley, Samuel,
402–3

Rufford Abbey,
349
,
350

Rumsfeld, Donald,
399

Rutland, Earl of (under Henry VIII),
221

Rutland, Earl of (under Elizabeth I),
385

Rye,
311

St Albans, Battle of (1455),
19

St Bartholomew's Day Massacre (1572),
357

Saint-Quentin,
298

Salazar, Francisco de,
168
,
169

Salisbury, Margaret Pole, Countess of,
182
,
189
,
219–20
,
272

sanctuary,
11

Scotland: James IV harbours Warbeck and supports his invasion,
97–8
; marriage of James IV to Margaret Tudor,
109–10
; James IV invades England,
133
,
135
; Flodden,
135–7
; treaty with England,
138
; Margaret struggles with Albany for regency,
138–9
,
148–52
; Angus seizes power,
177
; Henry VIII invades,
227–8
; James V's early death,
227–8
; proposed marriage between Edward VI and Mary, Queen of Scots,
229–30
; rebellion against Mary of Guise and ensuing Protestant reformation,
311–12
; early reign of Mary, Queen of Scots,
321
; Darnley marriage and its breakdown,
338–41
; Mary deposed,
341
; Lennox becomes regent after Moray's death,
346–7
; Morton becomes regent after him,
350

Scott, Sir Walter,
19

Scrope, Lady,
394

Seymour, Edward (under Edward VI)
see
Somerset, Edward Seymour, Duke of

Seymour, Edward (under Elizabeth I)
see
Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of

Seymour, Jane: appearance, background and character,
196
,
216
; Henry VIII falls in love with,
196–7
,
200
; marriage to Henry VIII,
209
; kindness to Mary I,
210
; pregnancy,
215
; death,
216–17
; in Holbein fresco,
218
; images incorporated on Henry's tomb,
242

Seymour, Lady Jane (niece of the above),
321
,
325–6