Tudor

TUDOR

ALSO BY LEANDA DE LISLE

After Elizabeth: How James King of Scots won the Crown of England in 1603

The Sisters who would be Queen: The Tragedy of Mary, Katherine and Lady Jane Grey

TUDOR

Passion. Manipulation. Murder.
The Story of England's
Most Notorious Royal Family

LEANDA
DE LISLE

P
UBLIC
A
FFAIRS

New York

First published in Great Britain in 2013 by Chatto & Windus.

Published in 2013 in the United States by PublicAffairs™, a Member of the Perseus Books Group

All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2013 by Leanda de Lisle.

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Typeset in Arno Pro by Palimpsest Book Production Limited, Falkirk, Stirlingshire

Library of Congress Control Number: 201394541

ISBN 978-1-61039-364-5 (EB)

First Edition

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

In memory of Eric Ives

Contents

List of Illustrations

Map

Family trees

          
The Past

          
The Family

Introduction

Part One

THE COMING OF THE TUDORS:

A MOTHER'S LOVE

  
1.
  
An Ordinary Man

  
2.
  
A Child Bride

  
3.
  
A Prisoner, Honourably Brought up

  
4.
  
The Wheel of Fortune

  
5.
  
Enter Richard III

  
6.
  
The Princes in the Tower

  
7.
  
The Exile

  
8.
  
Bosworth

  
9.
  
The Rose and the Passion

10.
  
Securing the Succession

11.
  
The Lost Prince

12.
  
Punishment

13.
  
Death and Judgement

14.
  
Exit Margaret Beaufort

Part Two

INHERITANCE:

THE LEGACY OF ARTHUR

15.
  
The Elder Sister: Margaret, Queen of Scots

16.
  
The Younger Sister: Mary, The French Queen

17.
  
A Family Reunion and a Royal Rival

18.
  
Enter Anne Boleyn

19.
  
A Marriage on Trial

20.
  
The Return of Margaret Douglas

21.
  
The Terror Begins

22.
  
The Fall of Anne Boleyn

23.
  
Love and Death

24.
  
Three Wives

25.
  
The Last Years of Henry VIII

26.
  
Elizabeth in Danger

27.
  
Mary in Danger

28.
  
The Last Tudor King

Part Three

SETTING SUN:

THE TUDOR QUEENS

29.
  
Nine Days

30.
  
Revolt

31.
  
Marriage and Sons

32.
  
A Flickering Light

33.
  
A Married Man

34.
  
Dangerous Cousins

35.
  
Royal Prisoners

36.
  
Murder in the Family

37.
  
Exit Margaret Douglas

38.
  
The Virgin Queen

39.
  
The Daughter of Debate

40.
  
The Armada

41.
  
Setting Sun

42.
  
The Hollow Crown

Epilogue

APPENDICES

  
1.
  
What happened to the body of James IV?

  
2.
  
The Mysterious Quarrel between Henry VIII and Margaret Douglas

  
3.
  
Guildford and Jane Dudley

  
4.
  
The Myth of Frances Brandon the Child Abuser

  
5.
  
The Obscure Margaret Clifford, Heir to the Throne 1578–96

Author's Note and Acknowledgements

Notes

Index

List of Illustrations

PAGE

1:
      
Fall of the Angels, fifteenth century (Bodleian Library, Oxford, Ms Douce, 134. fol 98).

2a:
    
The Marriage of Henry V and Catharine de Valois, Jean Chartier,
Chronique de Charles VII
, France (Calais), 1490, and England, before 1494 (© The British Library Board, Royal 20 E VI f9v).

2b:
    
Henry VI, rood screen, Barton Turf Church, Norfolk (© Barton Turf PCC).

3a:
    
Portrait of Henry VII as a young man, unknown French artist (The Art Archive/Musée Calvert/Avignon Gianni Dagli Orti).

3b:
    
Tomb effigy of Margaret Beaufort, Pietro Torrigiano, Westminster Abbey (Werner Forman Archive/The Bridgeman Art Library).

3c:
    
Margaret Beaufort's Book of Hours, Bruges and London (?), 1401–1415 (© The British Library Board, Royal 2 A XVIII f13v).

4a:
    
Richard III, British school, 1520 (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013).

4b:
    
The Princes in the Tower, James Northcote (Private Collection/Photo © Christie's Images/The Bridgeman Art Library).

4c:
    
Silver gilt livery badge, Richard III's emblem, found at Chiddingly, East Sussex (© The Trustees of the British Museum).

5a:
    
Shakespeare window at Southwark Cathedral, Christopher Webb, 1954 (Reproduced by kind permission of The Chapter of Southwark Cathedral).

5b:
    
Allegorical poem celebrating the House of Tudor as depicted in a Dutch illuminated manuscript of motets, 1516 (© The British Library Board, Royal 11 E XI f.2).

5c:
    
Round Table, Great Hall, Winchester Castle,
c
.1290 (By kind permission of The Great Hall, Winchester © Hampshire County Council).

6a:
    
Elizabeth of York, unknown artist,
c
. 1500 (© National Portrait Gallery, London).

6b:
    
Painted funeral effigy of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey (© Dean and Chapter of Westminster).

7a:
    
Portrait of Henry VIII in a girdle book,
c
.1540 (© The British Library Board).

7b:
    
Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots, with her first husband, James IV of Scots, in the Seton Armorial (Acc. 9309, f.18. By kind permission of Sir Francis Ogilvy and the National Library of Scotland).

7c:
    
Mary Tudor, the French Queen (Bibliothèque Municipale Méjanes, Aix en Provence, Ms. 4428. Rés.ms.20).

8:
      
Copy of
The Whitehall Mural
, George Vertue, 1737, after Hans Holbein the Younger, 1537. (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013).

9:
      
The Family of Henry VIII – Henry, Jane Seymour, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward – British school,
c
.1545 (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013).

10a:
  
Catherine of Aragon, unknown artist,
c
.1520 (By permission of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Church Commissioners).

10b:
  
Ring with a portrait of Anne Boleyn (© The Chequers Trust).

10c:
  
Jane Seymour, Hans Holbein, 1536–7 (Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna).

10d:
  
Anne of Cleves, Bartel Bruyen the Elder (The President and Fellows of St. John's College, Oxford).

10e:
  
Portrait of a lady, perhaps Katherine Howard, Hans Holbein the Younger,
c
.1540 (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013).

10f:
  
Catherine Parr, attributed to Master John,
c
.1545 (© National Portrait Gallery, London).

11a:
  
Mary I, Master John, 1544 (© National Portrait Gallery, London).

11b:
  
Elizabeth I when a Princess, attributed to William Scrots,
c
.1546 (Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2013).