Tudor (82 page)

Hastings, William, Lord,
45
,
46

Hatfield House,
189

hawthorn symbol,
72

Henri II, King of France,
308
,
309–10

Henri III, King of France,
355

Henri IV, King of France,
393

Henry IV, King of England,
1
,
8
,
12
,
31

Henry V, King of England,
3
,
7–8
,
18
,
65
,
94
,
134

Henry VI, King of England: appearance and character,
13
,
17
; symbols favoured by,
77–8
; sexual mores,
126
; father's death,
8
; coronation,
243
; imprisons Owen Tudor,
10–12
; pardons him,
13
; attitude to half-brothers,
13–14
,
126
; House of York's threat to,
16
; loss of France affects mental health,
3
,
18
; nature of his mental illness,
18–19
; atmosphere of his court,
30
; son born,
19
; tries to reconcile quarrelling subjects,
23
; denounced as false king by Edward IV,
26
; flees to Scotland,
27
; put in Tower,
31
; put back on throne by Warwick,
35
; frail health,
36
; prophecy re Henry VII,
36
,
59–60
,
115
; returned to Tower,
37
; death,
38
; venerated as saint,
41–2
,
54
,
55
,
87
; Henry VII's attitude,
76–7
,
115
,
241

Henry VII, King of England: appearance and character,
32
,
50
,
59
,
80
; piety,
60
,
78
,
79
,
101
; claim to throne,
2
,
3
,
400–1
; birth,
20–1
; education,
27–8
; made Herbert's ward at Raglan,
28–9
; mother visits,
32
; watches Edgecote Moor,
33–4
; allowed to visit London,
35–6
;
Henry VI's prophecy re,
36
,
59–60
; absence from Barnet,
37
; flees to Brittany,
38–9
; Edward IV seeks his return,
42
,
43
; Margaret Beaufort petitions Buckingham re,
48–9
; in Brittany,
50
; Margaret Beaufort negotiates his marriage,
53–4
,
56
; failed invasion attempt,
56
,
57–8
; support in exile grows,
89–90
; vows to marry Elizabeth of York,
60
; escapes to France from Brittany,
61
; invades and wins throne at Bosworth,
5
,
63–73
; propaganda,
64
; official entry into London,
74–6
; and princes in Tower,
76–7
,
91–2
,
121–3
,
401–2
; in no hurry to marry,
77
; coronation,
77–9
; marriage,
79–81
; status accorded to mother,
84
; birth of family,
83–4
,
85–6
; sexual mores of court,
126
; efforts at reconciliation,
86–7
; and Simnel rebellion,
87–90
; and wife's coronation.
90–1
; and Warbeck rebellion,
93–102
; intimidation of nobles,
97
; reluctantly gets rid of Warwick,
101–2
; physical decline,
103
; worries over succession,
103–4
; meets Katherine of Aragon,
106
; relationship with wife,
107
; and Arthur's death,
110–11
; reaction to Katherine of Aragon's claims of virginity,
126
; and wife's death,
111–12
; love for Henry VIII,
113
; escorts Margaret part-way to Scotland,
113
; begins work on tomb,
115–16
; alternating attacks of conscience, suspicion and avarice,
116–17
; death and funeral,
94
,
117–20
; Masses for,
212
; tomb,
4
; Henry VIII's psychological break with,
217–18
; in Holbein fresco,
218
; and Elizabeth I's coronation,
305
; assessment,
121–3

Henry VIII, King of England (formerly Duke of York): appearance and character,
99
,
103–4
,
125
,
141
; claim to throne,
402
; birth,
86
; made Duke of York,
95
; at Arthur's wedding,
107–8
; and Arthur's death,
112
; Henry VII's love for,
113
; at Mary's betrothal to Charles V,
117
; succeeds to throne,
119
,
131
; marriage to Katherine of Aragon,
124–7
; ambitions to win France,
124–5
; coronation,
127
; first French campaign,
133–4
,
137
; and James IV's body,
410
; makes peace with France, marrying Mary to Louis XII,
139–40
; farewell to Mary,
141–2
; reaction to Mary's and Suffolk's wedding,
145–8
; advises Margaret not to give her children to Albany,
150
; shows further support for her,
152
,
154
; leadership style,
153
; love of entertainments,
153
; Mary I's birth,
153–4
; affair with Blount,
255
; succession worries lead to Buckingham's death,
156–8
; realises ambitions for France will never be realised,
159–60
; promotes Fitzroy as possible heir,
160–1
; courts Anne Boleyn,
161–2
,
163–4
; Defender of Faith title,
165
; seeks annulment,
165–75
; marriage trial,
172–5
; disrespect for the law,
180
; last days of marriage,
178–9
,
181–2
; becomes head of Church of England,
179
,
183
; marriage to Anne Boleyn,
183
; and her coronation,
185
; Elizabeth I's birth and christening,
187–8
; turns on Mary I,
188–9
; begins reign of terror in response to loss of public acclaim,
189–90
,
191–3
; rejects
rapprochement with Paul III,
190–1
,
192
; 1535 progress,
193
; reaction to Katherine of Aragon's death,
195
; riding accident,
194
; growing coolness to Anne Boleyn,
195–6
; falls in love with Jane Seymour,
196–7
,
200
; wants to rid himself of Anne,
199
,
200
,
201–3
; her arrest,
203–5
; reaction to her trial and execution,
206
,
207–8
; marriage to Jane Seymour,
209
; succession fears,
209–13
; and Pilgrimage of Grace,
214
; reaction to Jane's death,
216–17
; psychological break with Henry VII,
217–18
; attempts to shape Church of England,
218–19
; excommunicated,
219
; builds coastal defences,
220
; marriage to Anne of Cleves,
220–1
; sexual potency,
222
; marriage to Katherine Howard,
222
,
223–6
; marriage to Katherine Parr,
228
; arranges Margaret Douglas' marriage to Lennox,
229–30
; second French campaign,
231
; poor health,
231–2
; flexes religious muscle,
232–3
,
404
; did he quarrel with Margaret Douglas?,
236
,
326
,
411–14
; gift to Katherine Parr,
248
; her Protestant leanings lead to discord,
233–4
; defining issues of reign,
403
; death and will,
235–9
; funeral and tomb,
240–3
; Elizabeth I's adulation,
299
,
305
; tablet picture,
414

Henry, Prince (son of James VI),
380

Herbert, Lady,
29

Herbert, Maude,
69

Herbert, William, Lord,
28
,
33–4

Herbert, William, Earl of Pembroke,
236
,
255
,
261
,
275
,
276
,
283–4

Hereford Greyfriars,
115
,
409

Hertford, Edward Seymour, Earl of: secret marriage to Katherine Grey leads to imprisonment in Tower,
318–21
; son's birth,
323–4
; marriage declared invalid,
325–6
; Katherine's second pregnancy,
330–1
; imprisoned even more tightly after Mary, Queen of Scots' deposition,
341–2
; returns to court,
348
; patron of Churchyard,
358
; Cecil's friendship with,
380
; and proposed marriage between grandson and Arbella Stuart,
388–90

Hertford Castle,
262

Hilliard, Nicholas,
363

Holbein, Hans,
218
,
232

Holy Maid of Kent
see
Barton, Elizabeth

Hopton, Sir Owen,
342

Howard, Charles,
223
,
225

Howard, Katherine,
222
,
223–6

Howard, Lady,
340

Howard, Lord Thomas,
193
,
198
,
200–1
,
210–11
,
217

Hull,
214

humanists,
170–1

Hundred Years War (1337–1453),
2–3
,
18

Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, Earl of,
315
,
329

iconoclasm,
244
,
356

Iraq War (2003),
399

Ireland: and Simnel rebellion,
88–9
; and Warbeck,
98
; Essex in,
384
; peace with Tyrone,
391–2

Isabella, Queen of Castile,
100
,
103

Isabella Clara Eugenia, Spanish infanta,
381–2
,
391

Ives, Eric,
162
,
172
,
425

James II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland,
408

James III, King of Scotland,
113

James IV, King of Scotland,
97–8
,
109–10
,
113–14
,
133
,
135–7
,
410

James V: birth,
133
; coronation,
137
; taken from mother's care,
148
,
149–50
; escapes Angus' clutches,
177
; reaction to Henry VIII's break with Rome,
184
; briefly made his heir,
209
; death,
227–8

James VI and I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland: appearance and character,
366
; birth,
339
; coronation,
341
; Lennox becomes regent,
346–7
; memories of Lennox's death,
347
; Margaret Douglas' concern for,
351–2
; succession issue,
351
; Mary, Queen of Scots tries to persuade him to allow Lennox title to Arbella Stuart,
363
; refuses to help his mother,
364–7
; longing for English throne,
367
; reaction to mother's death,
369–70
,
372–3
; Elizabeth I writes to re Armada,
378
; as her possible heir,
380–1
,
382
,
386
,
389
,
391
,
393
; waits to hear of her death,
394
,
395
; proclaimed king of England,
396
; builds tomb for mother,
407–8
; relationship with subjects,
408

Jeanne de Valois,
39

Jesuits,
361–2

Jews,
55

Joan of Arc,
21

John of Gaunt,
15–16
,
384–5

Juana of Aragon,
117

Julius II, Pope,
166

Kapur, Shekhar,
408

Katherine, Princess (daughter of Henry VII),
86
,
111

Katherine of Aragon: appearance,
105
; marriage to Arthur planned,
99
,
101
,
102
; marriage takes place,
105–9
,
125–6
,
174
; marriage to Henry VIII,
124–7
; coronation,
127
; regent during Henry's absence in France,
134
; and Flodden,
135
,
137
; and James IV's body,
410
; Mary I's birth,
153–4
; aged by miscarriage and infant death,
154
; loses another child,
155
,
156
; reaction to Fitzroy's elevation,
161
; Henry seeks annulment,
165–75
; popularity,
170
,
186
; marriage trial,
172–5
; last days of marriage,
178–9
,
181–2
; ordered to Hertfordshire,
181–2
; reaction to Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn,
183–4
; influence on daughter,
272
; death,
194–5