The Wizards of Langley (67 page)

69
. David interview.

70
. McMahon interview; Poteat interview.

71
. Hineman interview.

72
. Hirsch interview.

73
. David interview.

1
. CIA, “CIA’s Deputy Director for Science and Technology to Become CEO of Public Service Research Institute,” June 22, 1998; “History,”
www.anser.org/aboutanser/history.html
.

2
. CIA, “CIA’s Deputy Director for Science and Technology to Become CEO of Public Service Research Institute.”

3
. Interview with Robert Singel, Great Falls, Virginia, February 25, 1999.

4
. Interview with Philip Eckman, Alexandria, Virginia, May 16, 2000.

5
. “Joanne Isham,”
www.odci.gov/cia
, 1998; CIA Public Affairs, “DCI Tenet Announces Appointment of Deputy Directors for Science and Technology,” January 12, 2000; CIA Public Affairs, “Joanne O. Isham, Deputy Director for Science and Technology,” January 13, 2000.

6
. Vernon Loeb, “Inside Information,”
www.washingtonpost.com
, January 10, 2000; interview with R. Evans Hineman, Chantilly, Virginia, February 17, 1999.

7
. CIA, “Director of Central Intelligence Appoints Dr. Gary L. Smith, Deputy Director for Science and Technology,” March 24, 1999.

8
. “Profile of APL,”
www.jhuapl.edu/profile/profile.htm
; “MSX Satellite Passes Rocket Tracking Test,”
Space News
, April 24–30, 1997, p. 10.

9
. CIA, “Director of Central Intelligence Appoints Dr. Gary L. Smith, Deputy Director for Science and Technology.”

10
. Ibid.

11
. CIA Public Affairs, “DCI Tenet Announces Appointment of Deputy Director for Science and Technology,” January 12, 2000.

12
. Vernon Loeb, “CIA Science Chief Quits; Deputy Named,”
Washington Post
, January 14, 2000, p. A25; private information.

13
. CIA Public Affairs, “DCI Tenet Announces Appointment of Deputy Director for Science and Technology.”

14
. Telephone conversation with CIA spokesman, January 21, 2000.

15
. Loeb, “CIA Science Chief Quits; Deputy Named”; telephone interview with Gordon Oehler, October 5, 2000.

16
. CIA Public Affairs, “James L. Runyan, Associate Deputy Director for Science and Technology,” January 2000.

17
. Private information.

18
. Letter, Joanne O. Isham to Albert Wheelon, October 13, 2000.

19
. CIA, “DS&T Realignment Overview,” n.d.

20
. Ibid.; CIA, “DS&T Response to Author’s Questions,” February 9, 2001.

21
. Tabassum Zakaria, “CIA Using ‘Data Mining’ Technology to Find Nuggets,” Reuters, March 2, 2001.

22
. Ibid.

23
. Gary H. Anthes, “Cloak & Dagger IT,”
www.computerworld.com
, accessed February 6, 2001; Rick E. Yannuzzi, “In-Q-Tel: A New Partnership Between the CIA and the Private Sector,”
Defense
Intelligence Journal
9, 1 (Winter 2000).

24
. Anthes, “Cloak & Dagger IT.”

25
. Ibid.

26
. Neil King Jr., “Small Start-Up Helps the CIA to Mask Its Moves on the Web,”
Wall Street
Journal,
February 12, 2001, pp. B1, Bb.

27
. Ibid.

28
. CIA, “DS&T Response to Author’s Questions”; private information.

29
. CIA, “DS&T Realignment Overview.”

30
. Ibid.

31
. Basil H. Scott, “A 21st Century CIA—Meeting Challenges, Realizing Opportunities,” April 4, 1999,
www.odci.gov/dst
.

32
. Telephone interview with Robert Kohler, July 6, 1999.

33
. Gordon Oehler, “Warning and Detection,” in Sidney D. Drell, Abraham D. Sofaer, and George D. Wilson,
The New Terror: Facing the Threat of Biological and Chemical Weapons
(Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1999), pp. 138–151 at p. 143.

34
. Telephone interview with Robert Kohler, February 1, 2001.

Lew Allen: Pasadena, California, June 10, 1999.

Paul Bacalis: December 1, 1999.

Richard Bissell: Farmington, Connecticut, January 6, 1984; Farmington, Connecticut, March 16, 1984.

Dino Brugioni: May 21, 1996.

Roy Burks: North Potomac, Maryland, May 10, 1999.

Frank Buzard: Rancho Palos Verdes, California, June 11, 1999.

Joseph Charyk: June 1, 1999.

Ruth David: Arlington, Virginia, February 22, 1999.

Philip Eckman: Alexandria, Virginia, May 16, 2000.

Patrick Eddington: Centreville, Virginia, April 12, 1999.

Edward Giller: June 29, 1999.

R. Evans Hineman: Chantilly, Virginia, February 17, 1999.

James V. Hirsch: Fairfax, Virginia, February 12, 1999.

R. M. Huffstutler: Falls Church, Virginia, March 23, 1999.

Robert Kohler: July 6, 1999; February 1, 2001.

Steven Koonin: Pasadena, California, March 22, 2000.

Jack C. Ledford: Arlington, Virginia, October 7, 1999.

Walter Levison: September 17, 1999.

Henry S. Lowenhaupt: Springfield, Virginia, April 15, 1999.

Bernard Lubarsky: Alexandria, Virginia, May 9, 2000.

Arthur Lundahl: October 19, 1988; July 27, 1989.

Frank Madden: November 3, 2000.

Victor Marchetti: October 12, 1999.

John Martin: September 7, 1996.

John McMahon: Los Altos, California, November 17, 1998.

Brockway McMillan: September 15, 1999.

William H. Nance: Bethesda, Maryland, May 4, 1999.

Gordon Oehler: October 5, 2000.

Robert Phillips: Rosslyn, Virginia, June 4, 1999.

Henry Plaster: Vienna, Virginia, September 30, 1999.

Gene Poteat: McLean, Virginia, April 25, 2000.

Edward Proctor: March 10, 1999.

Robert Singel: Great Falls, Virginia, February 25, 1999.

Sayre Stevens: May 29, 1996; Springfield, Virginia, March 18, 1999.

Thomas Twetten: March 12, 2001.

Karl Weber: Oakton, Virginia, May 5, 1999.

Albert Wheelon: April 2, 1997; Washington, D.C., April 9, 1997; May 19, 1997; Montecito, California, May 11–12, 1998; November 29, 1998; Montecito, June 14, 1999; Montecito, March 21, 2000.

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______.
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______.
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______.
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______.
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______.
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______. DOD Directive 5105.26, “Central Imagery Office,” May 6, 1992.

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______. NIE 11-4-57,
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______. NIE 11-4-59,
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______. NIE 11-4-60,
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______. NIE 11-8-61,
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______. NIE 11-8/1-61,
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______. SNIE 13-2-63,
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______. NIE 11-8-63,
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______. NIE 11-2-64,
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______. SNIE 13-4-64.
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______. NIE 11-8-64,
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______. NIE 11-1-65.
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______. NIE 11-2A-65,
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______. NIE 11-1-67,
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______. NIE 11-8-67,
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______. NIE 11-3-67,
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______. NIE 11-8-70,
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______. NIE 11-8-71,
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______. NIE 11-8-72,
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