The Transformation of the World (267 page)

folkways and,
823

hyper or ultranationalist ideology,
139
–
40
,
398

identity construction and,
465
,
467
,
823
,
854

insurrection and,
58
,
467
,
528
,
555
,
560
,
631
,
658
,
799
–
800

internationalism and,
631
–
32

knowledge and,
825

mass nationalism and revolutions,
404
–
5

migrant labor and,
148
–
50

monarchy and,
426

nation-states and,
404
–
7
,
466

press or propaganda and,
503

racism and,
856
–
57
,
865

religion and,
411
,
451
,
884
–
85
,
886

Sattelzeit
and,
60

state control of population and,
909

states and,
403
–
14
,
424
,
629
–
33

territorial homeland and,
424

war and,
489
–
90
,
503
,
527
–
28
,
751
,
815
,
886
(
See also
insurrection
under this heading
)

National Socialism, German,
848
,
855

nation-states

age of,
88

domestic politics as turning points in history of,
54
–
55

emancipation and,
916

evolution toward autonomy and,
407
,
412
–
14

hegemonic unification and,
409
–
12

identity and,
464

imperialism and,
403
–
4
,
466
–
67

law and,
745

nationalism and,
404
–
7
,
466

religion and,
268
,
423
,
427
,
874

revolution and,
407
–
9

as societies,
744
–
46

statistics and governance of,
28
–
29

uniform language and,
787

Native Americans.
See
American Indians
;
South American Indians

“natural borders,”
111

natural disasters

earthquakes,
197
–
98

social uprisings and,
200

volcanic eruptions,
198
–
99
,
206

water disasters, floods and droughts,
199
–
201
,
389
–
90

natural resources,
369

arable land,
208
,
211
,
215
–
16
,
375
–
76

conservation of,
206
,
377
–
81

forests as,
244
,
323
,
329
,
349
,
356
,
376
–
82
,
384
,
391
,
544
,
656
,
691
,
731

introduction of non-native species,
374
–
75

railroads and,
716

rationalization and exploitation of,
369

wildlife as,
382
–
86

naval power

British,
59
,
277
–
78
,
438
,
451
–
52
,
471
,
699
,
842

German,
399

Japanese,
492
–
93
,
699
,
714
,
915

knowledge transfer and,
491
–
92

merchant marine and,
277
–
78
,
430

ports and,
277
–
78

ports and shipyards as infrastructure for,
277
–
78

steamships and,
277
–
78

technological innovations and,
485
,
491
–
92

Navigation Laws,
261
–
62

Near East,
83
,
106
–
7

Nepal,
83
,
384

Nerchinsk,
361

Netherlands

abolition of slavery in colonies,
844

as colonial power,
33
,
89
,
120
,
129
(
See also
Dutch East Indies
)

as empire,
119

literature in,
20

migration from,
129

per Capita GDP in,
169

population of,
123

public health in,
175

urbanization of,
255

See also
Dutch East India Company

networks,
710
–
11

circulation as network concept,
711

cities as,
711

cities as nodes in,
242
–
43
,
246
,
250
,
260
–
64
,
275
–
77

commodities and trade,
728
–
29

electricity distribution,
723
–
24

financial,
64
,
128
–
29
,
721
,
769
,
868

minority enclaves and transnational,
726

nobility and international,
751

postal services,
723

as product of human action,
263

railroads as,
715
–
19

regions and formation of,
96

regulation of,
722

religious communities as,
900
–
901

standardization and,
723
–
24

steamships and waterways as,
712
–
15

telecommunication,
37
–
38
,
64
,
711
,
718
–
24
,
900

utility distribution,
711

Nevada,
477
,
736

New Caledonia,
125
,
135
,
835

Newcomen, Thomas,
654

New Delhi,
270
,
319

New England,
199
,
371
,
386
–
87
,
523
,
791

Newfoundland,
599

New Mexico,
105
,
332
,
340
,
477

New Orleans,
6
,
275
–
76
,
448
–
49
,
721

New York City,
252
,
259
,
263
,
272
–
73

municipal water system in,
173

as port,
275

New Zealand,
31
,
54
–
55
,
60
,
70
,
79
,
87
,
98
,
194
–
95
,
205
,
229
,
289
,
324
,
386
,
387
,
391
,
740
,
774
,
800

as British dominion,
419
,
439

governance of,
412
,
599

Maoris of,
55
,
324
,
371
,
373
,
374
,
400
,
404
,
500
,
892

as penal colony,
547

suffrage in,
404
,
507
,
603

Nguyen Anh,
238

Nian rebels,
120
,
200
,
489
,
552

Nicholas I, Tsar,
89
,
137
,
470
,
619

Nicholas II, Tsar,
42
,
501
,
562
,
564
,
580

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg,
902
–
3

Nietzsche, Friedrich,
43
,
65
,
754
,
903

Niger,
440

Nigeria,
112
,
517

Nightingale, Florence,
191

nihilism,
565

Nile river,
194
,
292
,
657

Nîmes,
298

nineteenth century

as calendar century,
47

characteristics of,
907
–
19

global
sattelzeit
and,
59
–
63

“long,”
47
,
59
–
63

periodization of,
45
–
55

World War I and,
47

Nipperdey, Thomas,
411
,
795
–
96

Nizhni Navgorod,
305

Nobel, Alfred,
509

nobility.
See
aristocracies

nomadic peoples,
73
,
111
–
12
,
373
,
826
,
911

of Africa,
112
,
149
–
50
,
223
,
356
,
382

of Asia,
149
,
215
,
223
,
356
–
59
,
362
–
66

of Europe,
19
,
149

frontier settlement and conflict with,
329
–
37
,
363
,
372

Indians of North America,
332
–
37
,
333
–
37
,
363

migration
vs.
nomadism,
149
–
50

Ottoman Empire and,
149
,
356
–
57
,
612

pastoralism and,
148
–
50

poverty and,
223
–
24

Norodom I, King of Cambodia,
581

Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia,
582

North, Douglass C.,
392
,
641
–
42

North Africa,
83
,
107
,
149
,
178
,
205
–
6
,
222
,
250
,
288
,
314
,
356
,
360
,
402
,
437
,
439
,
496
,
812

North America

indigenous peoples of (
See
American Indians
)

life expectancy in,
171
–
72

literacy and education in,
791
–
92

migration to,
100
,
109
,
129
,
130

modernity and divergence from Europe,
904

See also
Canada
;
Mexico
; United States North Sea,
97

North Sea Canal,
712

Northwest Ordinance,
346
,
410

Northwest Passage,
79

Norway,
20
,
55
,
101
,
280
,
603
,
657

novels,
16
,
19
–
21

November Revolution,
137

obelisks,
313
–
14

objectivity,
17
–
18
,
29
,
38
,
40
,
42
–
43
,
94
,
865

O'Brien, Patrick K.,
392

Occident-Orient dichotomy,
103

oceans, as spaces of interaction,
96
–
100

Ochakov,
540

Odessa,
97
,
281
,
566
–
67

Offenbach, Jacques,
866

O'Higgins, Bernardo,
535

Olympic Games,
511

Omdurman,
265
,
488

Omsk,
364

opera,
5
–
7
,
157
,
179
,
708
,
754
,
866

Opium Wars,
191

Orange Free State,
351

Oregon,
477

Oregon Trail,
337

Orenburg,
190
,
365

Orient,
82
–
83
,
103

Orientalism,
22
,
41
,
812

Oriental studies,
817
–
20
,
900

Osaka,
37
,
251
,
260
,
269
,
278
–
79
,
312
,
314
,
316
,
351
,
666

Ostwald, Wilhelm,
651

Ottoman Empire,
13
,
50

Algeria and,
360

Arabian Peninsula as part of,
94
,
466
,
574
,
617