The Road to Hell (56 page)

Somali Airlines,
82
,
187

Somali Children's Aid,
166

Somali Society for the Protection of Children,
166

“Somalia's Overshadowed Tragedy: World Anxious About Balkan Turmoil, Aloof to That in Africa” (Richburg),
208

“Somalia Under the Dictatorship of General Siyaad Barre” (SSDF),
104
-5

Somali clans,
21
,
36
,
115
,
215
,
220
,
225
,
227
,
229
,
246
; Abgaal,
252
; Barre and,
17
,
36
,
54
,
68
-71,
99
,
100
n,
11
-12,
114
,
117
-18,
131
,
134
,
177
,
179
n; Biimaal,
69
; Daarood,
17
,
54
,
68
-69,
99
,
10
On,
162
-66,
181
; Digil,
54
; Dulbahante,
68
,
100
,
10
On; Habar Gidir.
See
Hawiye; Habar Gidir-Ayr,
252
; Habar Gidir-Sa'ad,
252
,
254
; Habar Gidir-Sa'ad-Hilolwe,
252
; Habar Gidir Sa'ad-Jalaf,
252
; Habar Gidir-Suleymaan,
252
; Harti,
100
,
10
On,
252
; Hawaadle,
17
,
99
,
100
,
114
; Hawiye (Habar Gidir),
99
,
100
,
106
,
11
,
112
,
114
,
118
,
131
,
163
,
176
,
184
,
187
,
243
,
252
,
283
; importance of lineage,
56
,
252
; Isaaq,
69
,
71
,
111
,
118
-19,
131
,
134
,
177
,
179
,
181
,
184
,
18
; Majeerteen,
99
,
100
, lOOn,
117
,
118
,
243
; Marchan, lOOn; Ogaadeen,
53
-55,
68
,
71
,
99
,
100
,
100
n,
106
,
109
-15,
117
-18,
131
,
133
,
134
,
179
n,
181
,
183
,
184
; Omar Mahamoud,
243
; orphans and,
95
; Rahanwiin,
54
,69,
169
; Warsangeli;
100
,
100
n; Westerners' confusion regarding,
252

Somali National Alliance (SNA), Aydiid and,
224
,
229
,
234
,
242
n,
283
,
287

Somali National Movement (SNM),
184
; Barre versus,
71
,
118
,
131
,
133
-34,
178
-79,
179
n,
181
,
247
,
282
; Ethiopia and,
133
-34,
179
n,
282
-83; technicals and,
128
n

Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM),
183

Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF),
99
,
103
-4,
117
-18; Ethiopia and,
133
; “Somalia Under the Dictatorship of General Siyaad Barre,”
104
-5

Somali State and Foreign Aid, The
(U.S. Department of State),
174

SOS Kinderdorf, Somalia and,
79
-80,
87
,
212

Soul of Man Under Socialism, The
(Wilde),
13

Southwestern U.S. programs, Save the Children's,
148
-53,
156
-57

Soviet Union,
265
,
279
; Afghanistan, invasion of,
36
; Barre, support for,
35
,
281
; Kenya and,
36
; Saudi Arabia and,
36
; Somalia and,
30
,
31
,
33
,
35
-37,
39
,
53
,
128
,
246
,
248
,
281
,
282
; space race and,
195
-96

Stockwell, Major David,
233

Stone Soup
,
245

Struthers, Sally,
137
-38,
48
,
201

Sudan,
11
,
133
; famine in,
205
,
206
; Khartoum,
49
; Save the Cnildren and,
46
,
49
,
157
-58

Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA),
133

Sustainable development,
46
-48

Sweden,
103
,
183

Tanzania,
258
; CARE in,
182

Tarrah, Mohamed Abdi,
63
,
127
,
131
-32,
163
-64,
175

Tarzan,
4

Tear Fund, Somalia and,
94

Technicals (improvised battlewagons),
128
,
128
n,
243

Tekniko,
128

Teresa, Mother,
201

Thiong'o, Ngugi wa,
4

Thomas, Christine,
150
-51

Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF),
133

Time
,
30

Toepfer International, A.C.,
191

Tootsie, Delores,
148
-52

Touré, Sékou,
4

Toyota Land Cruisers.
See
Land Cruisers

Turkana, Kenya,
8
-9

Turkey,
276
-77

“Tuur,” Abdirahman,
247

Uganda,
4
,
248
; CARE in,
182
; Kampala,
20
; Red Cross in,
182

UN Beach Club (Mogadishu),
32
,
84

Unbearable Lightness of Being
(Kundera),
79

UNDP (UN Development Program): Kenya and,
185
; Somalia and,
93
,
166
,
183
-88; worker killed,
185

UNFPA (UN Fund for Population Activities),
47

Ungar,Sanford J.,
208

UNHCR (UN High Commissioner for Refugees): AmeriCares and,
265
; CARE and,
124
-25,
129
,
135
,
183
; Durable Solutions to the refugee problem,
131
-32,
183
; Kenya and,
122
; number of refugees and,
125
-29; Rwanda and,
265
; Save the Children and,
62
-64; scholarship program,
106
-7; Somalia and,
62
-65,
93
,
94
,
106
-7,
120
-35,
180
-83

UNICEF (UN Children's Fund), Somalia and,
18
,
93
,
203
,
249

UNITAF (Unified Task Force), Somalia and,
215
,
220
,
285

United Arab Emirates, UN troops from,
220

United Nations,
48
,
141
,
145
,
206
,
268
; Aydiid, negotiations with,
237
,
240
-43,
242
n,
246
-47,
250
-53; Bosnia and,
220
-22,
223
n,
276
-79; famine-death estimates,
210
,
284
; FAO,
26
,
65
,
84
,
88
-90,
93
; Farer study,
222
-26; Haitiland,
221
; “How to Do Business with the United Nations,”
275
; Kenya and,
122
,
185
,
259
; Liberia and,
221
; NATO and,
274
,
278
-79; New World Order and role of,
276
; “Peacekeeping” trade shows and,
274
-75; peacekeeping versus peace enforcement,
221
n; Resolution 751,
284
; Resolution 814,
220
-21,
249
,
285
; Resolution 834,
222
,
222
n; Resolution 837,
222
,
285
; Rwanda and,
221
,
261
-62,
265
-67,
266
n,
273
; secretary general,
207
,
209
,
215
,
219
,
228
,
242
,
247
-48,
284
; Security Council,
207
,
220
-22,
222
n,
240
,
24
On,
249
,
284
-87; Somalia and,
15
,
17
,
19
-21,
26
,
33
,
51
,
55
,
62
-65,
84
,
88
-90,
93
,
94
,
103
,
105
,
117
,
120
-35,
166
-67,
176
,
177
,
180
-88,
203
,
207
,
209
,
210
,
214
-15,
219
-33,
22
On,
22
In,
222
n,
223
n,
224
n,
235
,
237
,
239
-43,
24
On,
241
n,
242
n,
246
-53,
259
,
277
-79,
284
-87; standing army desired by,
219
,
273
; UNDR
93
,
166
,
183
-87; UNFPA,
47
; UNHCR,
62
-65,
93
,
94
,
120
-35,
180
-83; UNICEF,
18
,
93
,
203
; UNOSOM,
214
-15,
220
-21,
223
-31,
224
n,
233
,
24
On,
242
,
243
,
246
,
247
,
250
,
254
,
284
-86; WFR
93
,
129
,
130
,
133
-35,
167
,
181
,
185
,
188
,
203
,
205
,
242
,
284
; Zaire and,
266
,
266
n

United Nations Association of the United States of America,
275
-77

United Press International (UPI),
207

United Somali Congress (USC),
13
,
17
,
131
,
187
; Aydiid and,
113
,
114
,
187
n,
224
,
229
,
283
; Mogadishu, capture of,
17
,
187
n,
283

United States, historical background of Somalia and,
33
-36.
See also individual U.S. presidents and government agencies, as well as American NGOs;
Barre, Mohamed Siyaad

UNOSOM (Operation in Somalia),
214
-15,
220
-21,
224
n,
230
-31,
24
On,
242
,
243
,
246
,
247
,
250
,
254
,
284
,
285
; Aydiid, pursuit of,
221
-29,
223
n,
233
,
286

USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development),
46
,
264
,
268
; Louis Berger, Inc., and,
63
; CARE and,
62
-63,
98
,
120
-21,
272
; cargo preference laws and,
189
-90; Cassidy and,
39
-41,
44
,
52
,
62
-65,
83
; Catholic Relief Services and,
7
,
8
; Commodity Import Program,
167
,
168
; Food for Peace and,
97
,
101
,
197
,
200
; GAO reports on food aid and,
172
-73,
202
; handshake symbol of,
69
,
93
; Kenya and,
7
,
8
; Save the Children and,
62
-65,
136
; Somalia and,
12
,
31
,
37
,
39
-41,
62
-65,
69
,
72
,
83
,
93
-102,
105
,
120
-21,
135
n,
136
,
163
,
167
,
168
,
211

U.S. Army,
48
; Corps of Engineers,
272

U.S. Army, Somalia and,
238
; Aydiid, pursuit of,
217
,
229
; in Mogadishu,
216
-17,
229
,
233
-37

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA),
63
,
172
,
268
; cargo preference laws and,
189
-90; Food for Peace and,
168

U.S. Department of Defense,
228

U.S. Department of Defense, Somalia and,
81
,
229
,
273
; defense contractors and,
24
In; Joint Information Bureau (JIB),
232
-34; weapons used by,
254
-55

U.S. Department of Energy,
199

U.S. Department of State,
228
,
268
; Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs,
173
_74; Crigler, Ambassador,
180
-82; Liberia and,
174
; Somalia and,
97
,
174
,
179
-82,
219
-20;
Somali State and Foreign Aid, The,
174
; Zaire and,
174
,
265
n