The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes of the Holocaust (64 page)

Poitiers (France): rescue in

Pokrovsky Church (Kiev): Dean of, saves Jews

Polak, Coenraad: given refuge

Polak, Freddie: given sanctuary with his three children

Polak, Dr Henri: in hiding

Polak, Mrs: helped by a German

Poland: penalties in, xvi; German invasion of; Jews trapped in; and rescue in Eastern Galicia; and rescue in Vilna; and rescue in the German-administered General-Government; and rescue in Warsaw; Jewish children from, find refuge in Italy; Jews from, reach Hungary

Polish Council for Assistance to the Jews:
see
Zegota Polish Government-in-Exile (London): a rescuer heads its Jewish Affairs section in Poland; warns against extortionists

Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa): and the Jews; and two rescuers; a member of, saves Jews; helps Jews; harms Jews

Polish People’s Army (Armia Ludowa): and the Jews; helps Jews

Polish Transport Workers Union: a leader of, in hiding

Pollak family: hidden

Poltava (Ukraine): an act of rescue in

Pomerania (Germany): deportations from

Ponar (near Vilna): a rescuer murdered at; an escapee from, given refuge; frequent deportations to; and a German sergeant’s desire to help Jews

Poniatowa concentration camp (German-occupied Poland): a deportation to

Pontius Pilate: modern versions of; ‘We do not wish to be’

Poor Clares (Nice, France): take in a Jewish child

Poor Clares (San Quirico, Italy): a Gestapo raid on, fails in its purpose

Popovici, Dr Traian: intercedes on behalf of Jews

Portuguese Legation (Budapest): rescue efforts of, in Budapest

postage stamps: celebrate the Righteous

‘Potato Stealing’: and a decent German soldier

Potrzebowski, Jan: ‘he saved our lives’

Praga (Warsaw): Jews forced to leave; a Jewish family in hiding at

Prague (Czechoslovakia): Jews taken for safety to; Jews helped in; Jewish children from, in Norway

Preisz, Susan: saved

Presser, Jacob: writes about a Righteous German in Holland

Preston, David Lee: seeks recognition for his mother’s rescuer

Pristina (Kosovo): Jews in, rescued

Prital, David: saved

Prittet, Geneviève: helps Jews escape to Switzerland

Profondeville (Belgium): an arrest in

Prokop family: hide Jews

‘Promised Land for the Jews’ (Côte d’Azur under Italian rule): German anger at

‘protected’ houses: in Budapest

‘Protest!’: on behalf of the Jews

Protestant Church (Berlin): its Dean’s defiance

Protestants: help Jews

Pruszkow (near Warsaw): a rescuer in

Prva, Frantiska: saves two Jewish girls

Przemysl (Western Galicia): acts of rescue in; an escapee from

Przemyslyany (Eastern Galicia): a Jew finds a hiding place in

Przybysz, Mr: denounced and shot

Psalms, the: and Jews in hiding

Pshenitse, Yehudis (Judith): the saga of her rescue

Puah (a midwife): defies Pharaoh, xv

Pugliano Vecchio (Italy): a hiding place in

Puntrzela (a Polish Catholic): ‘good-hearted’

Puznow (Poland): sanctuary in; Photo

Pyrenees: escape across

Quakers: and rescue

Quintin, Alphonse and Marie: rescuers

Quisling, Vidkun: heads ‘quisling’ government; a protest to

Rachela (a Jewish doctor): and her niece in hiding

Racz, Vilmos: hides sixteen Jews

Radecznica (Poland): Jews from, hidden

Radom (Poland): a courageous act in; the Council for Assistance to the Jews in; two Jewish girls from, rescued; and a Righteous German

Radun (Poland): a message taken to; a survivor of

Radziejowski, Rysiek: sheltered, caught, and executed

Radzilow (Poland): a Jew from, saved

Ragauskis, Antanas and Ona: save a Jewish girl

Raile, Father Jakab: saves Jews in Budapest

Raimondo family: protect a Jewish family in Italy

Raj (Eastern Galicia): Jews in hiding in

Rajski, Wincenty and Stefania: hide two Jews

Rakevicius family: saves thirty-five Jews

Rangsdorf (Berlin): a Jew in hiding at

Raskow, Herman and Fanny: helped to escape

Raskow, Josef: helped to escape

Raszbaum, Teofila: hidden

Ravensbrück concentration camp (north of Berlin): rescuers die in; a Righteous German sent to; a Righteous Belgian dies in; Righteous Dutch women imprisoned in; a ‘brave lady’ dies in; deportations to, from Budapest; a nun’s rescue efforts in; Swedish Red Cross negotiate a prisoner release from; buses on their way from, Photo

Ravet family: rescuers

Rawa Russka (Eastern Galicia): a Jewish girl in hiding near

Red Army: liberation by; and Stalingrad; approaches Budapest

Red Cross insignia: a protective device in Budapest;
see also
International Committee of the Red Cross

Redlich family: in hiding

Redlich, Shimon: saved

Reed, Walter H. (Werner Rindsberg): recalls acts of rescue

Regensburg (Germany): two Jewish sisters reach

Reibscheid-Feliks, Roza: given shelter

Reich Security Main Office (Berlin): a protest to; distressed by attitude of Vatican; learns of Italian sabotage of anti-Jewish measures

Reingold, Uriel: reflects on the Righteous

Reiter, Sister Johanna: saves a four-year-old Jewish girl

Rembertow (Poland): a Jewish girl rescued from; a Jewish girl helped in

Rembiszewska, Mira: saved

Remond, Archbishop Paul: helps hide Jewish children

‘Renie’: an assumed identity

Reviczky, Colonel Imre: ‘one of the most praiseworthy’

Rewkowska, Joanna: a small girl, at risk

Rewkowska, Maria and Zygmunt: risk their lives to save a Jew

Reynders, Reverend Henri (Père Bruno):
see
Father Bruno

Reynders, Dr Michel: recalls his uncle’s career and acts of rescue; his own efforts; reflects on ‘one of the prime Christian obligations’

Reznik, Josef: helped by a Polish priest

Rhineland (Germany): deportations from, to Vichy France

Rhode St Genese (Belgium): rescue in

Rhodes (Italian Dodecanese island): two rescuers on

Rhule (France): a Jewish girl in hiding at

Ribbentrop, Joachim von: informed about Belgian rescuers; receives protest about Italian ‘resistance to the Final Solution’ protests at ‘pro-Jewish zeal’ of Italian officials in France; a further protest by, against the Italians

Richardson, Mary (née Olvenich): given refuge

Richter, Glenn: befriends a survivor

Rieck, Walter: a rescuer, in Berlin

Rieger, Katerina: her ‘courageous’ act

Riga (Latvia): Jews rescued in

Righteous Among the Nations: designated, xv–xvi; a ceremony for, in London; a ceremony for, in Warsaw; a ceremony for, in Budapest; financial help for; a Dutch village designated as

Righteous Among the Nations Award: and ‘a real and dear Righteous Gentile’ and an elderly rescuer

Righteous Among the Nations
(Lexicon):

Righteous Gentiles: and ‘a story that touches the heart’ and a Ukrainian Catholic priest; and a place of honour and gratitude; in Germany; ‘in my life there have not been any’

Rimbocchi (Italy): a tragedy in

Ringelblum, Emanuel: records acts of betrayal; records Righteous acts; his diary

Rinkevicius, Elia: and her husband’s rescue activities; ‘generous, kind-hearted’ shares food

Rinkevicius, Vitalija: receives an honour on behalf of her parents

Rinkevicius, Vytautas: the ‘heart and soul’ of a rescue scheme

Rischel (a German): helps Jews

Ristic, Risto: his Righteous acts; his motivation

Rivesaltes internment camp (Vichy France):

Roanne (France): an escape from

Roermond (Holland): a German Jewish teenager finds refuge in

Roger, Marie-Elise: ‘I did nothing unusual…’

Roman Catholics: save Jews, specific examples of xvi

Roman (Romania): an act of rescue at

Romanet (France): a Jewish family sheltered in

Romania: acts of rescue in; parts of, annexed by Hungary

Romanian diplomats: help Jews (in Rome)

Rome (Italy): a leading Nazi protests to; German occupation of; German plans to deport Jews of; rescue efforts in

Romka (a Jewish girl): in hiding

Ronai, Avraham: and an act of rescue in Budapest

Roosevelt, President Franklin D.: a letter to

Rosay, Abbé Jean: helps Jews escape

Rose, Leesha: works with Dutch rescuers

Rosen, Donia: hidden; plays tribute to a British sergeant’s ‘selfless actions’

Rosen, Sara: and a ‘saviour turned into traitor’

Rosenbusz, Dr Maximilian: one of the first victims at Auschwitz

Rosenbusz, Zofia: finds sanctuary

Rosenstrasse Detention Centre (Berlin): a protest in

Rosenzweig, Zygmunt (‘Uncle Yasha’): in hiding

Roslan, Alex and Mela: hide three Jewish children

Rosner, Rose: rescued from a Death March

Rosochacz (Eastern Galicia): Jews saved in

Rossen, Selma: recalls rescue

Rossner, Alfred: a Righteous German, in Poland; executed

Rotbel, Edward: deported, as a Hungarian Jew

Rotem, Simcha: given shelter

Rotenberg, Alexander: saved, xx

Röthke, SS Lieutenant Heinz: reports that Italian troops have ‘used force’ to free Jews; reports that Italian police in France ‘protect the Jews by every means…’

Rotman, Anna and Iza: in hiding

Rotmil, Bernard: recalls his rescuer

Rotta, Angelo (Vatican representative in Budapest): his rescue efforts; remains in Budapest; Photo

Rotter, Sy: his documentary film about survivors and rescuers

Rotterdam (Holland): and acts of rescue

Roussey, Yves: helps Jews, later arrested and shot

Rovno (eastern Poland): a Righteous German in

Rozenberg, Janusz and Jadwiga: saved

Rozenberg (a Jew in hiding): given shelter; killed

Rozencwajg, Aleksander: killed at Katyn

Rozencwajg, Roma and Gabriel: in hiding

Rozensztajn, Bela: finds her daughter

Rozensztajn, Marysia: rescued

Rozsa, Sandor: hides Jewish slave labourers

Rozycka, Maryla: and a German rescuer

Rubin, Amos: recalls his rescuers

Rubinstein, Cesia: and a Righteous German

Rudawska, Katarzyna: hides a young Jewish girl

Rudelli, Vincenzo and Candida: give refuge to several Jewish families

Ruiter, Dr: his act of rescue

Rum (Austria): and a place of safety

Rumst (Belgium): two Jewish girls find refuge in

Rungsted (Denmark): Jews helped to Sweden from

Russian Orthodox: save Jews, xvi; their Baptist neighbours

Russian partisans: kill Jews, xx

Ruth (a Jewish Berliner): and an act of rescue

Rysiewicz, Adam: hides twelve people

Rzeszow (Poland): a Jew from, rescued

SS: shoot a Jewish girl in hiding; protest at help given to Jews; search for children; active in Warsaw; in Cracow; in Przemysl; in Berlin; in Vilna; in Bialystok; in Bedzin; in Zdolbunow; in Rovno; in Plaszow; and ‘Schindler’s List’ Oskar Schindler takes ‘Property of’ at Brunnlitz; in Albania; demand Finland’s Jews; seek Denmark’s Jews; in France; in Belgium; in Holland; in Italy; in Greece; in Hungary; leave Budapest; return to Budapest; and an act of rescue; Jews handed over to; and an undercover agent; and a massacre averted; and ‘a very good sort’ in Janowska concentration camp; and an act of kindness, in a slave labour camp; and an act of kindness, in Dachau; a member of, takes ‘a great risk’ a member of, and a rescue stratagem; seek escaped Jews; the power of, and rescue

Sabbath candles: provided for girls in hiding

Sabbath, the: and Jews in hiding

Sabina, Miss: executed for talking to a Jew

Sachsen hausen concentration camp (north of Berlin): a German pastor sent to; a Norwegian rescuer sent to; a French rescuer sent to

Sack, Josef: in hiding with his wife and daughter

Sadik, Ahmed: Muslim, shelters Jews

Safonov family: save Jews; the parents shot

Safonov, Nadezhda: helps Jews survive

Safonov, Vasilyi: helps Jews survive

St Anna’s Church (Lvov): and an act of rescue

Saint Anthony: (patron saint of fugitives)

St Anthony’s College (Oxford): a Polish rescuer visits

Saint Cybard, Sister: a rescuer

St Francis of Assisi: Jews hidden in his birthplace

St Gallen (Switzerland): Jewish women prisoners reach hospital in

St Genis-Laval (France): a rescuer executed at

St Hedwig’s Cathedral (Berlin): prayers for the Jews offered up in

St Helier (Channel Islands): a rescuer in

St Joseph’s Church (Arendonk, Belgium): a baptism in

St Joseph’s Orphanage (Brussels): opens gates to Jewish children

St Julien en Genevois (France): an escape route through

St Marguerite Catholic boarding school (France): shelters Jewish girls

St Marie Scharbeek Church (Brussels): the pastor of, shelters a Jewish child

St Mary’s Convent (La Bouverie, Belgium): shelters Jews

St Niklaas (Belgium): a safe haven in

St Paul d’Eyjeaux (France): a rescuer interned at

St Privat-de-Vallongue (France): a Jewish girl sheltered in

St Servais (Belgium): Jewish children given sanctuary in

St Vincent, General de: refuses to arrest Jews

salami: a police dog distracted by

Salinger, Mania: recalls a German’s Righteous acts

Salkhazi, Sister Sara: a rescuer, executed

Salonika (Greece): Jews of, and Italian protection

Saloschin, Paul: deported

Sambor (Eastern Galicia): Jews saved in

Samuel, Henriette: and an escape to Sweden

San Benedetto (Italy): Jews given refuge in

San Damiano (Italy): an escape to

San Damiano Monastery (Assisi, Italy): Jews hidden in

San Francisco (California): and a German rescuer

San Giovanni Rotondo (Italy): a Jewish refugee hidden in

San Lorenzo (Friuli, Italy): a place of refuge in