The Psychology Book (67 page)

Applied Science at the

Institute of Psychiatry,

and Clinical Director in the

Centre for Anxiety Disorders

Obsessive thoughts of catching and

helped through cognitive therapy to

and Trauma. Since 2010,

passing on a deadly disease, for

recognize the obsessional thoughts

Salkovskis has been based

example, may result in compulsive

for what they are, making a more

at the University of Bath,

cleaning or hand washing. There is

rational appraisal of the risk and,

where he is establishing a

also a feeling of a responsibility to

crucially, of how much responsibility

specialist CBT research and

act, even if the action is out of

he or she has for taking preventative

treatment center.

proportion to the risk. The resulting

action. This cognitive approach

Key works

compulsive actions can become

helps reduce the distress. Alongside

ritual behavior patterns, carried out

this, behavioral therapy techniques,

1998
Panic Disorder

repeatedly in an attempt to gain

such as desensitization (gradual

1999
Understanding and

control over a perceived threat.

exposure to the perceived threat)

Treating Obsessive-

Cognitive behavioral therapy

help the patient to control his

Compulsive Disorder

combines cognitive and behavioral

or her compulsive behavior.

2000
Causing Harm

techniques to address both the

Salkovskis uses CBT techniques

and Allowing Harm

cause and the symptoms of OCD

to successfully treat anxiety,

(with A. Wroe)

to great effect. First, the patient is

panic attacks, and phobias. ■

SOCIAL

PSYCHOL

BEING IN A WORLD

OF OTHERS

OGY

216 INTRODUCTION

Gordon Allport

John Dewey

Kurt Lewin establishes

publishes
On the

publishes
The

his
field theory
,

Nature of Prejudice
,

Need for Social

claiming that behavior

which establishes the

Serge Moscovici

Psychology
,

is determined by the

theoretical foundations

introduces the

describing man as a

life space (totality) of a

for
the study of

concept of
social

“social animal
.
”

person’s situation.

prejudice
.

representations
.

1917

1940S

1954

1961

1935

1951

1959

1963

Muzafer Sherif
carries

Solomon Asch’s

Erving Goffman publishes

Stanley Milgram’s

out the “autokinetic

conformity experiments

The Presentation of Self in

Behavioral Study of

effect” experiments,

suggest that people will