The Plantagenets (88 page)

Henry I, king of Navarre, 371

Henry, son of Edward I, 289, 313

Henry (the Young King), son of Henry II: appearance and character, 82–3, 101, 102, 103; betrothal, 53–4, 59; birth, 47, 49; conflict with father, 101–3; coronations, 78, 82–3, 100; death, 103; education, 64; heart, 147; inheritance, 74, 83; king designate, 63, 74, 78, 100; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 82; peace terms with father, 91; rebellion against father, 83–6, 91; receives homage (1162, 1163), 74; war with father, 103

Henry of Almain, 274–5, 276, 286, 288, 290

Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, 15, 16, 18, 34, 38, 51

Henry of Huntingdon: on Eleanor’s marriage to Henry, 31; on Henry I’s corpse, 13; on Henry II, 41; on Matilda, 15; on Stephen’s army mutiny, 33; on Stephen’s peace negotiations with Henry, 36, 38, 39; on
White Ship
, 7, 8

Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, 74, 94, 102, 132, 144

Henry of Monmouth, son of Henry of Bolingbroke, 579

Henry of Trastámara, 511, 512, 513, 515

Herbert of Bosham, 47, 70, 76–7

Hereford, duke of,
see
Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke)

Hereford, Henry de Bohun, 1st earl of, 211

Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd earl of, 300

Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd earl of, 343, 344, 347, 348, 358

Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 4th earl of: captured at Bannockburn, 385; civil war, 394, 398–400; contrariant, 398; death, 400; dispute with Despensers, 396–7; at Gaveston’s burial, 388; Gaveston’s capture and death, 375, 376; Gaveston’s return, 368; Gower dispute, 396; opposition to Edward II, 365, 398; pardoned by Edward II, 382; Scottish campaign, 383, 384–5; support for Edward II, 391–2

Hertford, earls of,
see
de Clare Higden, Ranulph, 358

Holland, John I, count of, 341

Holland, William I, count of, 206

Holland, John, earl of Huntingdon, duke of Exeter: appeal of treason against Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick, 567; capture and trial, 581; death, 590; Lancastrian lands awarded to, 578; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 536; rebellion, 590; titles, 569

Holland, Sir Thomas, 485–6, 506

Holland, Thomas, earl of Kent, 533, 536

Holland, Thomas (son of above), earl of Kent, duke of Surrey: appeal of treason against Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick, 567; capture and trial, 581; death, 590; Lancastrian lands awarded to, 578; licence to use treason laws, 575; rebellion, 590; titles, 569

Honorius IV, Pope, 320

Hospitaller knights, 99, 113

Houghton, Adam, bishop of St David’s, 528

Hugh III, king of Jerusalem, 292

Hugh Capet, king of France, 454

Hugh of Nonant, 126

Hugh de Puisat, bishop of Durham, 114

Huguzon, Cardinal, 93–4

Hundred Rolls inquiries, 294–5

Hundred Years War, 453, 455–6, 474, 477, 594, 598

Huntingdon, earldom of, 53, 328, 451

Huntingdon, Sir Guichard d’Angle, earl of, 513, 518, 531

Huntingdon, John Holland, earl of,
see
Holland

Huntingdon, William Clinton, earl of, 436, 450–1, 488

Innocent III, Pope: annulment of Magna Carta, 215; crusades, 145, 155; dispute with John, 187–90, 199, 203; peace with John, 204; support for John, 209–10; support for Richard I, 154

Innocent IV, Pope, 240, 255

Interdict crisis, 187–90

Ireland: aid for Edward I, 307; Arthur’s rule, 598; Briouze family, 192, 193; Edward III’s invasion plans, 444, 445; exiles in, 193, 555; Gaveston’s lieutenancy, 366, 367; Henry II’s feudal overlordship (1175), 93; Henry II’s invasion (1171), 79–80, 599; John lord of, 114; John’s invasion (1210), 193–4, 197, 444, 599; justiciar, 301; Lionel of Antwerp’s role, 507, 508, 515; papal bull
Laudabiliter
(1155), 53, 79, 599; papal vassalage, 204, 220; Richard II’s expedition (1394), 563, 599; Richard II’s expedition (1399), 579–80; Scottish invasion (1315), 389, 395

Isaac Comnenus, 118, 119

Isabel of Gloucester, 114, 206

Isabella, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505

Isabella, daughter of John, 238

Isabella of Angoulême: betrothal to Hugh de Lusignan, 158, 206; children, 186, 206, 239, 252; marriage to Hugh de Lusignan, 226, 252; marriage to John, 158–9, 175, 206, 332; rescue from Chinon, 164

Isabella of Castile, 512, 544

Isabella of France, wife of Edward II: appearance, 410; betrothal, 360; children, 381, 395, 397; coronation, 363, 364; embassy to France, 410; escape from capture, 404; estates, 423; finances, 423; forces for Scottish campaign, 425; in Hainault, 413; invasion of England, 412–15; marriage, 361, 362; Mortimer’s arrest, 436–7; Paris visit (1313), 379–81; regime, 428, 527; relationship with husband, 364, 367, 381, 397, 409–11; relationship with Mortimer, 411, 412–13; role after Mortimer’s death, 438, 454; son Edward’s marriage, 426

Isabella of France, wife of Richard II, 563, 564

Isabella of Woodstock, daughter of Edward III, 443

Issoudun, 141–2, 156

Ivry, non–aggression pact (1177), 93

Jacquerie, 497–8, 534

Jaffa: capture (1191), 126, 397; fall and re–capture (1192), 128–9, 161, 397

James IV, king of Majorca, 513

James of St George, Master, 310–11, 312, 315

Jean le Bel, 477, 498

Jean de Venette, 498

Jeanne d’Evreux, 413

Jerusalem: fall (1187), 109, 110; Frankish campaigns, 291; kingdom of, 105, 122, 127, 129; truce conditions (1192), 129

Jews: badges, 320, 321; blood libel, 319–20; Edict of Expulsion (1290), 323; Edward I’s policies, 317, 319, 320, 321–3; executed for coin–clipping, 320; expulsion from England (1290), 319, 321–3; expulsion from France (1306); financial dealings, 321; Henry II’s policies, 191; Henry III’s policies, 252; John’s extortions, 187, 190–1; legal status, 319, 320; limitation on moneylending, 289; moneylending to Crown, 138; population in England, 319; synagogues destroyed, 320; taxation of, 321

Joan, daughter of Edward III, 480–1, 483, 484, 505

Joan, daughter of John, 206

Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I, 293, 313, 360

Joan of Kent: childhood, 480; children, 505–6, 512; marriages, 485–6, 487, 505–6, 509; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 536

Joan the Lame of Burgundy, 482

Joan of Navarre, 371

Joan of Ponthieu, 237

Joan of the Tower, daughter of Edward III, 443

Joanna, daughter of Edward II, 397, 425, 445, 447

Joanna, daughter of Henry II, queen of Sicily, 49, 89, 94, 118, 126, 255

Jocelin de Balliol, 71

John, duke of Brabant, 362

John III, duke of Brittany, 470

John IV de Montfort, duke of Brittany, 470

John V de Montfort, duke of Brittany, 519

John, king of Bohemia, 476

John, king of England: accession, 152, 153; appearance, 176, 201, 213; barons’ rebellion against, 210–13, 215–16, 220; birth, 49, 73, 84; Bouvines defeat (1214), 207–8, 209, 597; campaigns, 154, 160–1, 167–9, 179, 195; character, 150–1, 161–3, 182, 187, 205; children, 186, 237; coinage, 176, 183, 195, 203; coronation, 154; count of Mortain, 114; court, 180–1; crusader, 210; death, 216; end of reign predicted, 196–7; excommunication, 190, 203, 235; feudal vassalage to pope, 204; finances, 182–5, 187, 189–90, 197, 205–6, 208; foreign policy, 198, 202; French invasion (1216), 215, 217; French invasion threat, 173–4; government, 181–6, 200–2, 214; governor of England, 126; homage to Philip II, 132, 263–4; inheritance issues, 103–4, 107, 125, 142, 149–52; Interdict crisis, 187–90; invasion force at Portsmouth (1205), 175–8; invasion of Ireland (1210), 193–4, 197, 444, 599; invasion of Wales (1211), 195, 197; in Ireland, 104; kingship, 560, 584; legacy, 217–18; legal system, 183–4, 444; lifestyle, 180; lord of Ireland, 114; loss of allies and supporters, 163–5; loss of baggage in the Wash, 216; loss of territories, 165, 167–9, 174, 175, 209, 217, 596, 597; Magna Carta, 213–15, 217–18; marriages, 114, 158–9, 175, 332; murder of Arthur, 166–7, 215; naval victory (1213), 203–4; Normandy reconquest plans, 202, 205–6, 471; oath to brother Richard, 124; peace terms with Philip II, 155–7; plot against, 198–9; prisons, 161–2, 164; rebellion against brother Richard, 132–3, 134, 137, 138; relationship with Arthur, 154–5; relationship with barons, 199–202, 205–6, 209–13; relationship with brother Richard, 114, 118, 124, 135, 140–1; relationship with Church, 187–90, 199, 204–5, 217; relationship with father, 106, 108; relationship with Philip II, 127, 132, 135, 139–40, 150–1, 153, 156, 167–9; reputation, 216–17; rescue of mother, 159–61; return to England, 125; Richard’s return from captivity, 135; succession, 220–1; taxation, 183; territories, 179–80; tomb, 216; truce with Philip II (1206), 179; truce with Philip II (1214), 208; voyage to England (1174), 89; warfare, 597; wedding gift, 83, 91; Welsh campaign (1211), 195, 299; Welsh rebellion, 198

John II, king of France, duke of Normandy: accession, 491; Aiguillon siege, 473, 474; Brétigny treaty (1360), 499; capture at Poitiers, 497; Company of the Star, 488; Crécy battle, 474, 477; death, 511; Poitiers battle, 495–7; prisoner of the English, 498; ransom, 498, 499, 500

John XXII, Pope, 413, 435

John, son of Edward I, 286, 289, 313

John of Brittany, 332

John of Eltham, earl of Cornwall, 395, 404, 446, 450, 451

John Fitzgeoffrey, 259

John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster: achievements, 577; Aquitaine campaigns, 518, 519; birth, 452; Bruges treaty, 520, 522; character, 531; childhood, 480; claim to Castilian throne, 544; councillor, 557; death, 577–8; duchy of Aquitaine, 557, 568; duchy of Lancaster, 506–7, 508; Garter, 500; marriages, 508, 512, 544; Najera battle, 513; parliamentary role, 517, 521–2, 526, 568; physician’s death, 537; regency question, 531; relationship with Arundel, 565, 568; relationship with nephew Richard II, 542–3, 544, 545–6, 557, 572; Richard II’s coronation, 529; rumoured ambitions, 527, 531; rumoured plots against, 566, 572; Savoy Palace, 511, 534; Scottish role, 508; son, 533, 537, 552, 568, 569, 572, 577; supporters, 572

John of Hainault, 425

John de Lacy, 206

John of Marmoutier, 11, 25

John of Salisbury, 54, 56, 73

John de Vescy, 301

Jopin, a Jew, 319–20

Jordan Fantosme, 43

Joseph of Arimathea, 486

Karl von Luxemburg, Emperor, 488

Katherine, daughter of Henry III, 263

Kenilworth castle: capture (1322), 399; Edward II’s imprisonment, 418–19, 420, 427; Montfortian base, 279, 284, 285–6; royalist attack (1265), 279; siege and capture (1266), 285–7

Kent, earl of,
see
Edmund of Woodstock

King’s Langley, 387–8, 468, 542, 578, 591, 595

Knighton, Henry, 483–4, 488, 547, 552, 553, 556

Knolles, Sir Robert, 518, 536, 538, 539

Knyvet, Sir John, 520

La Ferté, conference and capture of castle (1189), 107

La Marche, count of, 74, 158–9

La Roche–Derrien, battle (1346), 477

La Rochelle: John’s forces, 178, 179, 206, 207, 208; siege and surrender (1224), 225–6

Lancaster, duchy of, 557, 572, 577–8

Lancaster, dukes of,
see
Henry Grosmont, John of Gaunt

Lancaster, earls of,
see
Edmund, Henry, Henry Grosmont, Thomas

Lanercost chronicler, 460

Langland, William, 504, 601

Langton, Stephen, archbishop of Canterbury, 188, 205, 210, 235

Langton, Walter, 351, 358, 360

Lateran Council, Second (1139), 17

Latimer, Lord, 522, 523

Latin language, 45, 262, 363, 442, 505, 600

Laudabiliter
, papal bull, 53, 599

law(s): Assize of Arms (1181), 98–9; Assize of Clarendon (1166), 96–7; Assize of Northampton (1176), 96–7; canon law, 66, 67–8; Charter of the Forest, 227–8, 230, 265, 286, 344, 346; Charter of Liberties, 9, 210; civil law, 97–8; Confirmation of the Charters (1297), 346; Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), 66, 69–70, 71, 77, 80; John’s court, 181, 218; land law, 97–8; Magna Carta,
see
Magna Carta; Marcher, 307;
novel disseisin
, 97–8; Ordinances (1311),
see
Ordinances; Provisions of Oxford (1258), 261–2, 265, 271–2, 295; Provisions of Westminster (1259), 263; royal council, 98; Statute of Acton Burnell (1283), 315; Statute of Gloucester (1275), 304–5, 315; Statute of Labourers (1351), 493–4, 535; Statute of Marlborough (1267), 287–8; Statute of Merchants (1285), 315; Statute of Mortmain (1279), 304–5, 315; Statute of Pleading (1362), 504–5, 600–1; Statute of Purveyance (1362), 504; Statute of Rhuddlan (1284), 317; Statute of Treason (1352), 551; Statute of Wales (1284), 314; Statute of Westminster I (1275), 304–5, 315; Statute of Westminster II (1285), 315; Statute of Winchester (1285), 315–16, 538; Statute of York (1322), 403; Statutes of Stamford (1309), 367; sumptuary statutes, 510–11; Welsh, 307