The Pirate Queen (75 page)

Quadra, Alvarez de

Raleigh, Carew

Raleigh, Sir Walter charged with treason by James I colonization schemes for America as court favorite courtly love and death of Grenville and disgrace of Elizabeth’s pet names for execution of family of as gentleman adventurer as imperialist Irish plantations Islands Voyage to the Azores knighthood for last letter of Elizabethan reign by last voyage to find El Dorado marriage to Bess Throckmorton and imprisonment nephew of Cat Ashley New World foods introduced by North America trade and as rear admiral in fleet against Cadiz Roanoke voyages and colony as robber baron royal patents given to schemes for Atlantic plunder and finding El Dorado scheme to capture Isthmus of Panama son “Wat,” takes over Gilbert’s patent tobacco and smoking introduced to England Virginia colony, Puritan proposal Virginia company formed wealth given by Elizabeth writings during imprisonment writings on the New World

Randolph, Thomas

Rathlin Island massacre

Raunce, James

Recorde, Robert

Ribault, Jean

Ridolfi, Roberto escape of

Ridolfi plot

Roberts, Henry

Robert the Bruce

Rolfe, John

Russell, Sir William

Russia: English loss of “favored nation status,” English trade interests and Muscovy Company’s first voyage to search for a Northeast Passage through

Rutland, John Manners, 6th Earl of

Salisbury, Marquis of:
See
Cecil, Sir Robert

Sanderson, William

Sandys, William, 3rd Baron

Santa Cruz, Don Alvaro de Bazán, Marquis de

Saracold, John

Schetz, Balthazar

Schetz, Gaspar

Scotland under Catholic Mary and Francis Catholic-Protestant hostilities French in French ousted from Guise faction Mary, Queen of Scots ousted under Mary of Guise Protestant allies of England in.
See also
Mary Stuart, Queen of the Scots

Sebastian, King of Portugal

Settle, Dionyse

Seymour, Lord Henry

Seymour, Thomas

Shakespeare, William

Shales, William

Sheffield, Lady Douglas ships, English
Aid Angel Ascension Bark Bond Bark Bonner Bark Francis Bark Hawkins Bark Ralegh Bark Roe Bear Bona Confidentia Brave Castle of Comfort Chancewell Christopher Delight Dennys Desire
Drake’s fleet Drake’s fleet
Dreadnought
East India Company fleet
Edward Bonaventure Elizabeth Elizabeth Bonaventure Elizabeth Drake Esperanza Falcon
fleet against Cadiz, 1596 fleet against the Armada
Fleur de Lys Francis Gabriel Galleon Leicester Galliot Duck Gift Golden Hind
(formerly
Pelican
)
Golden Lion Golden Phoenix Hector Hercules Hopewell
inventory of those suitable for war
Jesus of Lubeck John the Baptist Jonas Judith Lion Margaret and John Marigold Mary Mary Fortune Mathew Merchant Royal Merlin Michael Minion Moon Pascoe Paul Pelican Primrose Rainbow Red Dragon
(previously
Malice Scourge
)
Revenge Roe Roebuck Sampson Sea Dragon Solomon Squirrel Susan Swallow Swan Talbot Bank Thomas Drake Tiger Tiger (2) Triumph Victory White Bear White Lion William and John

ships, Portuguese:
Cola Gratia Dei Madre de Díos Sacharo Santa Cruz Santa Maria
[Mary]

ships, Spanish:
Cacafuego Captain of Moriall Napolitana Rosario San Cristobal San Salvador Santa Catalina Santa Clara

Shrewsbury, Francis Talbot, 5th Earl execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at

Shrewsbury, Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl

Sicily: under Habsburg rule

Sidney, Sir Henry as lord deputy to Ireland loyalty doubted marriage to Dudley’s sister Mary

Sidney, Sir Philip backing of Frobisher death in the Netherlands

Silva, Nuño da

Sir Francis Drake Revived
(Drake)

Sixtus V, Pope: support of Philip’s invasion of England

Skinner, William

Smith, Sir Thomas

Smythe, Thomas

Soul, Michael

Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of

Spain Calais taken by Casa de Contractacion China trade control of shipping and Drake sails against Spain and Spanish Americas, 1585 Drake’s plunder on the Spanish Main Drake’s secret mission to destroy the fleet at Cadiz, 1587 economy and lost ships Eighty Years War England’s attack on Cadiz, 1587 England’s attack on Cadiz

Spain
(continued)
English blockade of English captives English escalation of hostilities English hatred of English “interloping” into trade English merchants, treachery towards English peace negotiations with English trade in Galicia Habsburg kings impounding of Hawkins’ ships Inquisition and Inquisition edict, 1560 losses to pirates loss of ships loaded with soldier’s pay to England loss of ships to England loss of the Armada, impact of naval battle with England Netherlands and (
see also
Antwerp) peace with England Royal Navy English merchants and ships ships confiscated treasure ships (flota) united with Portugal use of term
Luterano
war on Valois France wool trade world divided with Portugal.
See also
Philip II, King of Spain

Spanish Armada delayed by Drake’s confiscation of
San Felipe
treasure ship delayed by Drake’s theft of barrel staves Elizabeth’s Armada Speech, 1588 English signal fires first modern naval battle in history and fleet for Medina Sidonia in command second Armada, 1596, failure of six battles and impact on future of naval combat Spanish galleons vs. English redesigned ships third, failure of weather and myth of loss

Spanish Company (English)

Spanish Colonie, The

Spanish War

Sparke, John

Spenser, Edmund

Spes, Don Guerau de

Spinola, Benedict

Stafford, Edward

Stanley, Sir Willliam

Staper, Richard

Staplers (trading company)

26 44;

Stile, Oliver and Nicholas

St. Leger, Sir Anthony

Story, James

Stow, John

Stropene, Michael

Stuart, Arabella

Stucley, Thomas claim on seneschal of Wexford death of escape from England Ridolfiplot against Elizabeth

Sussex, Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd Earl of backing of Frobisher disposal of Drake’s booty and hostility toward Dudley

Sweden

Sydae, James

Temple, Richard

The Lie
(Raleigh)

Thévet, André

Throckmorton, Sir Francis

Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas

Tiepolo, Paulo

Tipton, Hugh

Tordesillas, Treaty of

Torrequemade, García Fernández de

trade: Anglo-Iberian Anglo-Portuguese Antwerp and arming of England from Antwerp with the Barbary Coast British Empire and Calais and Cathay Company China (Cathay) City of London companies Company of Merchant Adventurers (
see also
Merchant Adventurers Company of) with Constantinople (Ottoman Turks) depressed by piracy Dutch East Indies Elizabeth suspends trade with Spanish Netherlands Emden replaces Antwerp English, in the Mediterranean English, with Brazil English economy dependent on English joint stock companies English loss of Calais and English maritime expansion and English merchant adventurers English-Middle Eastern English monopolies English munitions to Morocco and Ottoman Empire English port cities and English pound sterling and English tin English trade war with Spain English wine fleet English wool and cloth foreign, in London French civil wars and Hamburg alliance with England Hanse merchants Hanse trade block under Henry illegal by pirates India interloping into Spanish and Portuguese waters Italy and Levant traders (
see also
Levant Company) luxury goods for Elizabethan court Mercers’ Company Muscovy Company, Netherlands closed to the English North America Northeast Passage sought Northwest Passage sought with Persia Portuguese empire with Russia slave Spanish Company (English) Spanish merino wool Spanish seizure of English (Lutheran) ships Spice Islands

trade
(continued)
Drake’s secures agreement for England spying and the Staplers survival of England and suspension between England and Spain, the Netherlands, and Ireland, 1569 West Indies

Tremayne, Edmund

Trumpet of Fame, The
(Roberts)

Turkish Empire:
See
Ottoman Turks

Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill, Earl of

Tyrone, Hugh O’Neill, Earl of, and rebellion

Tyrone, Turlough O’Neill, Earl of

University of Cambridge Valdes, Don Pedro de

van Harwick, Alexander

van Hoorn, Cornelius Houtman

van Meteren, Emanuel

Varney, John

Velutelli, Acerbo

Virginia Company

Walsingham, Sir Francis: as Protestant

Walsingham, Sir Francis backer of Muscovy Company backing of Frobisher backing of second Raleigh American expedition battle with the Spanish Armada court favor and death of disinformation given to Philip’s spies, 1587 Drake’s desire to attack Spain and Drake’s proposed fleet to the Azores Drake’s trading mission to the East Indies and on Frobisher’s “gold ore,” Gilbert’s merchant company and interrogation of Spanish captives investor in Muscovy Company Raleigh’s favored status and as spymaster support of Drake’s circumnavigation trade with Ottoman Turks

Wanchese (Indian scout)

Ward, Luke

war of Cyrus

War of the Insignia

Wars of the Roses

Warwick, Ambrose Dudley, Earl of: backing of Frobisher backing of Hawkins commands forces in France

Watts, John

West Indies and Spanish Americas: Borburata burning of towns Cartagena Drake’s fleet to plunder, 1585 Drake’s plunder on the Spanish Main English trade interests and Española ports fate of slaves in French depredations in French pirates in Hawkins’s first slaver voyage to Hawkins’s fourth slaver voyage to Hawkins’s second slaver voyage to Huguenots in Inquisition in Lovell voyage Nombre de Díos reprisals for trading with the English Río de la Hacha Santa Marta Santo Domingo, Spanish headquarters slave trade Spanish claim to Florida Spanish empire and trade Spanish fortifications against the English Spanish prohibition on trading with English Spanish treachery in San Juan de Ulúa St. Augustine, Florida Tierra Firme or New Spain treasure from

Westmoreland, Charles Neville, 1st Earl of

White, John

Wight, John

William III and Mary II, of England

William of Orange Alba’s offensive and assassination attempt assassination of Sea Beggars asked to protect England’s shores Sea Beggars capture Brill Sea Beggars expelled from England’s shores Sea Beggars of

Willoughby, Sir Hugh

Winchester, William Paulet, 1st Marquis of

Winter, Edward

Winter, George accused of financial shenanigans backing of Hawkins support of Drake’s circumnavigation

Winter, William accused of financial shenanigans backing of Drake backing of Hawkins Drake’s proposed fleet to the Azores drives back the French fleet Hawkins’ charges against misappropriation of funds and on Navy Board piracy in the English Channel and ships owned by supplying arms to the Huguenots unauthorized return of
Elizabeth
from Drake’s voyage and voyage to Guinea

Wyatt’s Rebellion

Wyndham, Thomas

Yorke, Gilbert

Yorke, Sir John

Zátate, Francisco de

Photographic Insert