The Penguin History of Britain: New Worlds, Lost Worlds:The Rule of the Tudors 1485-1630 (69 page)

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Epilogue
For the flight of the earls, see J. McCavitt, ‘The flight of the earls, 1607’ in
Irish Historical Studies
, xxix (1994).
The history of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in Ireland has occasioned much controversy. For a narrative framework, see R. D. Edwards,
Church and State in Tudor Ireland: A History of the Penal Laws against Irish Catholics, 1534–1603
(Dublin, 1935); and M. V. Ronan,
The Reformation in Ireland under Elizabeth, 1558–80
(London, 1930). For explanations of why the Reformation failed in Ireland and accounts of the vitality of the Catholic Reformation, see B. Bradshaw, ‘Sword, word and strategy in the Reformation in Ireland’,
Historical Journal
, xxi (1978); and ‘The English Reformation and identity formation in Ireland and Wales’ in
British Consciousness and Identity: The Making of Britain, 1533–1707
, ed. B. Bradshaw and P. Roberts (Cambridge, 1998). Bradshaw’s original arguments were challenged by N. P. Canny, ‘Why the Reformation failed in Ireland:
Une question mal posée
’,
Journal of Ecclesiastical History
, xxx (1979). For the history of the Church of Ireland and of Reformation there, see A. Ford,
The Protestant Reformation in Ireland, 1590–1641
(Dublin, 1997) and
As by Law Established: The Church of Ireland since the Reformation
, ed. A. Ford, J. McGuire and K. Milne (Dublin, 1995). For the religious world of the people, see R. Gillespie,
Devoted People: Belief and Religion in Early Modern Ireland
(Manchester, 1997). The reaction of Dublin’s patriciate to the Reformation is explored in C. Lennon,
The Lords of Dublin in the Age of Reformation
(Dublin, 1989).
For understanding the consequences of more than half a century of Reformations in England, the following are indispensable: Christopher Haigh,
English Reformations: Religion, Politics and Society under the Tudors
(Oxford, 1993); M. Aston,
England’s Iconoclasts: Laws against Images
(Oxford, 1988); P. Collinson,
The Birthpangs of Protestant England: Religious and Cultural Change in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
(Basingstoke, 1988); E. Duffy,
The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, 1400–1580
(New Haven and London, 1992); C. Marsh,
Popular Religion in Sixteenth-century England
(Basingstoke, 1998). For a magisterial study of Wales, see G. Williams,
Wales and the Reformation
(Cardiff, 1997). The best studies of the transformation of the Tudor nobility are Laurence Stone’s classic
The Crisis of the Aristocracy, 1558–1641
(Oxford, 1965) and M. James,
Society, Politics and Culture: Studies in Early Modern England
(Cambridge, 1986).
For literature and the late Elizabethan court, see D. Norbrook,
Poetry and Politics in the English Renaissance
(London, 1984), especially Ch. 5–7, and B. Worden, ‘Ben Jonson and the Monarchy’ in
Neo-historicism
, ed. G. Burgess, R. Headlam Wells and R. Wymer (Woodbridge, 2000). The best edition of
Hamlet
is by Harold Jenkins (Arden edition, London, 1982). Stimulating works upon
Hamlet
, and the world in which it was written, are C. Devlin,
Hamlet’s Divinity and other essays
(London, 1963), and R. M. Frye,
The Renaissance Hamlet: Issues and Responses in 1600
(Princeton, 1984).

Index

Abbot, George, Archbishop of Canterbury
300

Abergavenny, Lord
see
Neville, George

Abingdon, Oxfordshire
87

abjuration
88
,
116
,
133
,
209
,
317

Abjuration, Act of (1581)
283
,
284

Accession Day tilts
286

Acts of Parliament
see
Advancement of the True Religion
;
attainders
;
De Facto
;
Kingly Title
;
Queen’s Safety
;
Six Articles
;
Succession
;
Suppression
;
Supremacy
;
Treason
;
Uniformity
;
Vagrancy

Adam
38
,
40
,
172
,
304
,
305

Adlington, Kent
177

Admonition to Parliament
(1572)
243

adolescence
58–9
,
75
,
76
,
82–3

adultery
63
,
64–5
,
69
,
124
,
136
,
181
,
252

Advancement of the True Religion, Act for (1543)
137

Advent
60

Affane, Battle of (1565)
229

affinities, noble
13–14
,
17
,
70
,
73
,
143–6
,
345
royal
13
,
25
,
27
,
108–9
,
146

Africa, West
278

Aghalurcher, Co. Fermanagh
22

Agincourt, Battle of (1415)
144

agriculture
9
,
11–12
,
19–20
,
50
,
57
,
60
,
75
,
295–7

Ahab, King
119

Ahasuerus, King
123

Albert, Archduke of Austria
356

alchemy
280
,
313

Alen, John, Archbishop of Dublin
83
,
155
,
156

Alençon, Duke of
see
Anjou

Algiers
291

Allen, William, Cardinal
265
,
272
,
332

All Saints, Feast of
47
,
93

All Souls, Feast of
46
,
136

Alva, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, 3rd Duke of
232
,
234
,
244
,
246
,
247
,
248
,
284

America
274
,
275
,
280
,
282

Amicable Grant (1525)
175

Amsterdam, Holland
247

Anabaptists
133

Andover, Hampshire
191

Andrewes, Lancelot, Bishop of Winchester
342

angels
42
,
65
,
83
,
172
,
347
,
367
angel magic
304–5

Anglesey
177

Angus, Earl of
see
Douglas

Anian, Strait of
275
,
278

Anjou, Francis, Duke of
270–73
,
283
,
285
as Duke of Alençon
245

Annals of Loch Cé
157

Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland
see
Four Masters

Anne Boleyn, Queen of England
53
,
111–12
,
114–15
,
118
,
119
,
120
,
122–5
,
162

Anne, Duchess of Brittany and Queen of France
30

Anne of Cleves, Queen of England
134

Antichrist
86
,
238
,
240–41
,
243
,
294
,
331

anticlericalism
89
,
114
,
115
,
116
,
118
,
207

Antonio, Dom, Portuguese pretender
314–15

Antrim, Ulster
19
,
151
,
319

Antwerp, Brabant
1
,
131
,
269
,
283
,
284

Apostles
44
,
49
,
50
,
95

Apostles’ Creed
40
,
58

apprentices
59
,
62–3
,
72
,
75–6
,
86
,
174
,
349

arbitration
14
,
78
,
166–7

Archer, James, Jesuit
360

Ardnaree, Co. Mayo
322

Ariosto, Ludovico
Orlando Furioso
21

Aristotle
180
,
313

Argyll, Earl of
see
Campbell, Archibald

Armada, English (1589)
314–15

Armada, Spanish
1588
290–94
,
313
,
314
,
323
,
332
1595
338
1596
339
1601
353–4

Armagh
150

Armstrong, the surname
168

arms, the way of
74–5
,
144

Arnold, Sir Nicholas, Lord Justice in Ireland
229

Arras, Union of (1579)
270

Arthur, King of Britain
13
,
258
,
274

Arthur, Prince of Wales
13
,
34
,
35
,
104
,
113

Arthur, Thomas, evangelical preacher
97

Articles of Religion
Ten Articles (1536)
127
Thirty-nine Articles (1563)
240

Arundel, earls of
see
Fitzalan and Howard

Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, Constitutions of (1409)
86

Ashley, Mr
279

Asia
275

Aske, Robert, Grand Captain of Pilgrims
127
,
128–9

Askew, Anne
see
Ayscough

assassination
32
,
133
,
180
,
201
,
202
,
230
,
248
,
272–3
,
283
,
287
,
315
,
344
,
354
,
365

Astraea, imperial virgin
355

atheism
309
,
322

Athenry, Co. Galway
21

Athlone, Co. Westmeath
360

attainder
147
,
157
,
163
,
225

Audley, Lord
see
Touchet, James

Audley, Sir Thomas, Lord Chancellor
148

Austy, Joan, Lollard
87

Ave Maria
39
,
57

Axel, Netherlands
286

Aylmer, John, Bishop of London
214
,
251
,
267
,
333

Ayloffe, William
63

Ayscough, Anne
61
,
138
,
184

Ayscough, Sir William
61

Azores, the
314
,
340

Babington, Anthony
287–8
,
361

Bacon, Sir Anthony
314

Bacon, Sir Francis
36
,
299
,
313
,
336
,
337
,
341
The History of the Reign of King Henry the Seventh
36

Bacon, Sir Nicholas, Lord Keeper
216

badges
67
,
74
,
88
,
111
,
128
,
143
,
146
,
194

Baffin Island
278

Bagenal, Mabel
324

Bagenal, Sir Henry, marshal of the army in Ireland
162
,
319
,
322
,
324
,
325
,
344

Baile-an-Chuillin, lake
47

Bale, John
122

ballads
100
,
188
,
252–3

Ballard, John,
alias
Captain Fortescue
287–8

Bancroft, Richard, chaplain to Sir Christopher Hatton
329

Bankside stews
57

Bantry
355

baptism and baptisms
44
,
51–3
,
68
,
77
,
152
,
242
,
265
,
297
,
327

Barnes, Robert
122
,
134

Barnet, Battle of (1471)
17

Barnewall, Sir Christopher
254

Barret, John
86

Barrow, Henry
330

Barry, David, Viscount Barry
351

Barton, Elizabeth, the Nun of Kent
45
,
118
,
120–21

Basset, Anne
62

Basset, James
56

Basset, Sir John
62

Basset, Thomasine
62

Bayonne
232
,
244

Beale, Robert, Clerk to the Privy Council
289

Beaton, David, Cardinal
136
,
180

Beaufort, Cardinal
182

Beaufort, Margaret, Countess of Richmond
25

Beckett, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury
47

bedfellows
33
,
59
,
75
,
102

Bedford, Earl of
see
Russell, John

Bedfordshire
185

beggars
82
,
298

Bellaclinthe ford
347

Bellahoe, rout of
159

Bellamy, family, of Uxenden, Middlesex
332

Belsavage playhouse
303

Benet, Robert
86
,
87

Berkeley, family
27
,
70
Berkeley, William, Lord, later Marquess of Berkeley
70

Berkshire
86

Bertie, Peregrine, 11th Lord Willoughby d’Eresby
316
,
349

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