The Norman Conquest (69 page)

22
  
EHD
, ii, 530, 851; Lewis, ‘Domesday Jurors’, 19.

23
   Prestwich,
Place of War
, 114–15;
Domesday Book
, ed. Williams and Martin, 128, 1249.

24
   Above, 24, 75; Barlow,
Confessor
, 106, n5.

25
  
EHD
, ii, 483–6; J. A. Green,
The Aristocracy of Norman England
(Cambridge, 2002), 230.

26
   Palmer, ‘War and Domesday Waste’, 256–78, successfully refutes D. M. Palliser, ‘Domesday Book and the Harrying of the North’,
Northern History
, 29 (1993), 1–23;
History of the King’s Works
, ed. Colvin, i, 24;
Domesday Book
, ed. Williams and Martin, 716–17, 882–3.

27
   WM,
Gesta Regum
, 464–5; SD,
History
, 137; Palmer, ‘War and Domesday Waste’, 273–4.

28
   S. Baxter, ‘Lordship and Labour’,
A Social History of England, 900–1200
, ed. J. Crick and E. van Houts (Cambridge, 2011), 104–7;
Domesday Book
, ed. Williams and Martin, 409;
ASC
E, 1087;
EHD,
ii, 882.

29
   Fleming,
Kings and Lords
, 123–6; Baxter, ‘Lordship and Labour’, 105; R. Faith,
The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship
(1997), 215.

30
   Baxter, ‘Lordship and Labour’, 104, 107, 109–10; idem, ‘Domesday Bourn’, in D. Baxter,
Medieval Bourn
(Cambridge, 2008), 35–45;
ASC
E, 1087.

31
   S. P. J. Harvey, ‘Taxation and the Economy’,
Domesday Studies
, ed. J. C. Holt (Woodbridge 1987), 256–62.

32
   Loyn, ‘General Introduction’, 14;
EHD
, ii, 484.

33
  
ASC
E, 1083.

34
  
ASC
E, 1085; Harvey, ‘Domesday Book and Anglo-Norman Governance’, 181; N. J. Higham, ‘The Domesday Survey: Context and Purpose’,
History
, 78 (1993), 14–16.

35
   F.W. Maitland,
Domesday Book and Beyond
(new edn, 1960), 27–8. See also P. Hyams, ‘“No Register of Title”: The Domesday Inquest and Land Adjudication’,
ANS
, 9 (1987), 127–41; Maddicott, ‘Responses’, 996–7.

36
   J. C. Holt, ‘1086’,
Domesday Studies
, ed. Holt, 48.

37
  
ASC
E, 1086; JW, iii, 44–5.

38
   Above, 233, 259;
History of the King’s Works
, ed. Colvin, i, 824–5.

39
   J. J. N. Palmer, ‘The Wealth of the Secular Aristocracy in 1086’,
ANS
, 22 (2000), 279, 286, 290; Garnett,
Short Introduction
, 84–8.

40
  
EHD
, ii, 453–4.

41
   Ibid., 601–3. The witness named Alfred is thought to have been a Breton.

42
   Williams,
English and the Norman Conquest
, 99, 105 (cf. Green,
Aristocracy
, 61–2); Carpenter,
Struggle for Mastery,
79; Baxter, ‘Domesday Book’, 27.

43
   Carpenter,
Struggle for Mastery
, 81.

44
   Clarke,
English Nobility
, 32–3.

45
   OV, iii, 214–17; Baxter, ‘Domesday Book’, 27 (cf. Fleming,
Kings and Lords
, 219).

46
   Fleming,
Kings and Lords
, 58–71, 219–28, but cf. Baxter,
Earls of Mercia
, 128–38.

47
   Fleming,
Kings and Lords
, 227–8; Carpenter,
Struggle for Mastery,
81.

48
   Holt, ‘1086’, 41–64; Garnett,
Short Introduction
, 83–8; Carpenter,
Struggle for Mastery
, 105.

49
   Ibid., 83–7; Holt, ‘1086’, 50–5.

50
   Garnett,
Conquered England
, 354; S. Reynolds,
Fiefs and Vassals
(Oxford, 1994), 345.

51
   F. and C. Thorn, ‘The Writing of Great Domesday Book’,
Domesday Book
, ed. E. Hallam and D. Bates (Stroud, 2001), 38, 70;
EHD
, ii, 853. Cf. D. Roffe,
Domesday: The Inquest and the Book
(Oxford, 2000), who argues that the book was created during the reign of William Rufus.

52
   V. H. Galbraith,
The Making of Domesday Book
(Oxford, 1961), 223–30;
EHD
, ii, 851.

53
  
ASC
E, 1086; WM,
Gesta Regum
, 482–3; JW, iii, 44–5; OV, iv, 52–3, 80–1.

54
   Thorn, ‘Writing of Great Domesday Book’, 72.

CHAPTER 19

1
 
ASC
E, 1087;
EHD
, ii, 280; WM,
Gesta Regum
, 510–11.

2
  OV, iv, 78–9.

3
  Bates,
Conqueror
, 158–9; OV, iv, 74–5.

4
  WM,
Gesta Regum
, 510–11; OV, iv, 78–9;
ASC
E, 1087.

5
  WM,
Gesta Regum
, 510–11; OV, iv, 78–81, 96–101, 106–7; JW, ii, 46–7. Orderic’s account is also printed in
EHD
, ii, 281–9.

6
  OV, iv, 80–1, 92–5, 100–1; B. English, ‘William the Conqueror and the Anglo-Norman Succession’,
Historical Research
, 64 (1991), 221–36.

7
  OV, iv, 78–9; 100–7.

8
  Ibid., 78–9, 106–9.

9
  OV, ii, 134–7, 268–9; iv, 94–5.

10
   Van Houts, ‘Norman Conquest through European Eyes’, 841, 845, 848–53.

11
   Eadmer, 9;
ASC
E, 1087. The extant MS of
ASC
E was written at Peterborough c.1121 (Gransden,
Historical Writing
, 93) but based on an earlier version. Note particularly the author’s statement in 1087 that William Rufus became king and Henry was bequeathed innumerable treasures, which suggests no knowledge of Henry’s succession in 1100.

12
   E. Fernie, ‘The Effect of the Conquest on Norman Architectural Patronage’,
ANS
, 9 (1987), 71–85; Garnett,
Short Introduction
, 103.

13
   Eales, ‘Royal Power and Castles’, 54–63.

14
   Garnett,
Short Introduction
, 6, 46–56.

15
   Fleming,
Kings and Lords
, 109–20;
ASC
E, 1087.

16
   HH, 31.

17
   WM,
Gesta Regum
, 456–61.

18
   Above, 39–40, 61–2, 76;
GND
, ii, 58–61.

19
   J. C. Holt, ‘What’s in a Name? Family Nomenclature and the Norman Conquest’, idem,
Colonial England
, 179–96.

20
   Holt, ‘Colonial England’, 4–5,18–19; Carpenter,
Struggle for Mastery,
85; van Houts, ‘Norman Conquest through European Eyes’, 841.

21
   Pelteret,
Slavery
, 205; Wyatt, ‘Significance of Slavery’, 345–7;
Councils and Synods
, ii, 678; Gillingham,
English in the Twelfth Century
, xvii–xviii, 266.

22
  
ASC
E, 1087; Gillingham, ‘1066 and the Introduction of Chivalry’, 223; Morris,
Great and Terrible King
, 358, 377.

23
   WM,
Gesta Regum
, 460–1; Barlow,
English Church, 1000–1066,
289–308; J. Blair,
The Church in Anglo-Saxon Society
(Oxford, 2005), 407–17.

24
   Clanchy,
England and Its Rulers
, 69; J. Burton,
Monastic and Religious Orders in Britain, 1000–1300
(Cambridge, 1994), 31–3.

25
   J. Gillingham, ‘The Beginnings of English Imperialism’; idem, ‘Conquering the Barbarians: War and Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Britain and Ireland’, both in idem,
English in the Twelfth Century,
3–18, 41–58.

26
   WM,
Gesta Regum
, 456–7 (cf.
EHD
, ii, 290); WM,
Saints’ Lives,
122–3.

27
   S. K. Brehe, ‘Reassembling the First Worcester Fragment’,
Speculum,
65 (1990), 530–1, 535–6. For a good short summary of the Conquest’s impact on language, see H. M. Thomas,
The Norman Conquest: England After William the Conqueror
(Lanham, USA, 2008), 131–8.

28
   28 OV, iv, 94–5; HH, 31.

29
   Ibid.; OV, ii, 268–9; WM,
Gesta Regum
, 456–61; Eadmer, 3, 9;
ASC
D, 1066; E, 1087.

30
  
VER
, 108–11.

CHAPTER 20

1
 
VER
, 116–23.

2
  G. Garnett,
‘Franci et Angli
: The Legal Distinctions Between Peoples After the Conquest’,
ANS
, 8 (1986), 113; HH, 31;
Domesday Book,
ed. Williams and Martin, 1248;
ASC
E, 1087.