The Last Empire (88 page)

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
297–299
,
302–304
,
305–310
,
313–314
,
319
,
323–326
,
338–341

    
borders,
172
,
176

    
center-republic relations and,
215
,
219
,
220
,
226
,
229–230
,
397–398
,
400

    
coat of arms,
358

    
Crimea transfer to Ukraine from,
176–177
,
280–281

    
economic reform and,
218

    
economic treaty with post-Soviet republics,
206
,
221–230

    
electoral democracy in,
xviii
,
112
,
394

    
gas and oil controlled by,
226
,
270
,
297
,
301

    
mineral resources in,
399

    
as nuclear republic,
xix

    
population,
xvii

    
post-Soviet space and influence of,
xv
,
328
,
406

    
sovereignty and,
34
,
35–37
,
40
,
41
,
136–137
,
143–144

    
Ukraine and relations with,
xx
,
xxii
,
172
,
175–182

    
United Nations Security Council and,
371

    
“Uzbek Case” and,
354

    
See also
Yeltsin, Boris

Russian Newspaper.
See
Rossiiskaia gazeta

“Russia's Strategy for the Transition Period” (“Burbulis Memorandum”),
217–218
,
228

Rutskoi, Aleksandr,
94
,
108
,
143
,
145

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
320

    
biography,
101–102

    
Chechnia and,
244
,
245–247

    
coup d'état of August 1991

    
and,
125
,
129–130
,
134

    
sovereignty, Kazakhstan and,
181

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
171–172
,
178
,
179–181
,
402

Ryzhkov, Nikolai,
36
,
37

Sabonis-Chafee, Theresa,
109
,
118

Sachs, Jeffrey,
223

Safire, William,
65

Sakharov, Andrei,
13
,
103
,
300

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) I,
6
,
51

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) II,
6

Santorum, Rick,
263

Scowcroft, Brent,
xv
,
16
,
23
,
200–201

    
Bush, George H. W., and,
65
,
74–75
,
76
,
145
,
199
,
236
,
391

    
coup d'état of August 1991

    
and,
104
,
105
,
106
,
128

    
critics of,
261–262

    
on Gorbachev,
267
,
336

    
Gorbachev's resignation and,
379–380

    
on nuclear disarmament,
209–210

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
263
,
266

    
Yazov and,
25

    
Yeltsin, Boris, and,
26
,
27
,
42–43
,
45
,
106–107

SDI.
See
Strategic Defense Initiative

Secrets, documents,
369

Serbia,
272

Sevastianov (cosmonaut),
327

Sevastopol,
293

Shakhnazarov, Georgii,
81
,
219
,
222
,
248–250
,
269

Belavezha Agreement and,
320

    
CIS and,
358

    
new union treaty and,
397

    
on Ukrainian sovereignty,
259
,
280
,
293–294

Shakhnovsky, Vasilii,
150

Shakhrai, Sergei,
219
,
220
,
222
,
297

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
304
,
305
,
306
,
309

    
center-republic relations and,
249

Shamir, Yitzhak,
233

Shaposhnikov, Yevgenii,
117–118
,
125
,
138
,
140
,
288

    
Almaty summit and,
361–362

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
312–313
,
339

    
center-republic relations and,
205
,
368

    
CIS and,
322
,
324
,
361–362

    
on Gorbachev,
377
,
397

    
nuclear briefcases and,
340
,
371
,
376

Shatalin, Stanislav,
216

Shcherbak, Yurii,
175
,
179
,
292

Shcherbytsky, Volodymyr,
53
,
54–55
,
56
,
59

Shebarshin, Leonid,
135
,
136

Shelest, Petro,
53

Shenin, Oleg,
31

Shevardnadze, Eduard,
38
,
95
,
103
,
111
,
193
,
200
,
271
,
337

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
325
,
335
,
338
,
343

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
262

Shevchenko, Taras,
57
,
386

Shield,
96

Shirkovsky, Eduard,
311–312

Short History of the Communist Party
,
42

Shushkevich, StanislaÅ­,
xxii
,
264
,
297
,
312

    
Almaty summit and,
359–360
,
362–363
,
364

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
302
,
307
,
314
,
315
,
320
,
348

    
biography,
300
,
303

    
new union treaty and,
257

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
303–304

Siberia,
298

Silaev, Ivan,
94
,
145–146
,
147
,
163
,
183
,
202
,
299

    
economic situation,
205

    
resignation of,
214

    
union-to-commonwealth transfer and,
370

Simons, Thomas,
195

Sinatra doctrine,
4

Skoryk, Larysa,
279

Slavic Union, Solzhenitsyn's,
298
,
352
,
353
,
402

    
See also
Belarus
;
Kazakhstan
;
Russia
;
Ukraine

Snegur, Mircea,
158

Sobchak, Anatolii,
120
,
160
,
300
,
330

    
food shortage and,
205
,
220–221

    
Gorbachev and support from,
271–272

    
sovereignty, Kazakhstan and,
181

    
Ukrainian sovereignty and,
172
,
175–176
,
179
,
180

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr,
298
,
352
,
353
,
402

“Southern Siberia,”
298

Sovereignty

    
Armenia and,
173
,
265

    
Azerbaijan,
173

    
Baltic republics and,
30
,
34–35
,
38
,
39
,
45–46
,
49–50
,
174
,
187
,
193–198

    
Belarus and,
173
,
177

    
border disputes and,
172
,
176–177
,
181–182
,
192–194
,
200–201
,
265
,
308

    
Chechnia and,
242–243
,
245

    
Communist Party and,
34–40

    
Crimea and,
171
,
281–282

    
demonstrations,
38–39
,
64–65
,
117–118
,
152–153
,
164
,
179–180
,
206
,
245
,
282

    
Estonia and,
174
,
175
,
195
,
197

    
Georgia and,
173
,
175
,
265

    
Kazakhstan and,
178
,
179
,
181
,
182
,
249
,
347
,
351

    
Kyrgyzstan and,
173

    
Latvia and,
174
,
175
,
197

    
Lithuania and,
34
,
37
,
38
,
50
,
174
,
198

    
Moldova and,
173
,
178

    
Rukh and,
178
,
179–180
,
266
,
285–286

    
Russia and,
34
,
35–37
,
40
,
41
,
136–137
,
143–144

    
Soviet republics and,
34–41
,
45
,
48–50
,
53–54
,
57
,
59–62
,
64–65
,
136–137
,
143–144
,
152–182
,
185
,
191–201
,
206–207
,
242–243
,
245
,
249–250
,
275–294
,
295–297
,
299
,
303–304
,
347
,
351
,
363–364
,
402

    
Ukraine and,
37
,
48–50
,
53–54
,
57
,
59–62
,
64–65
,
153–155
,
163–182
,
184
,
187
,
206–207
,
255–256
,
258–270
,
272–274
,
275–294
,
295–297
,
299
,
303–304
,
363–364
,
402