The Last Empire (87 page)

    
coup d'état and,
86
,
88
,
89
,
90
,
91
,
95
,
97
,
99
,
114
,
145
,
202

Pavlychko, Dmytro,
169
,
287–288

Peace, treaties,
231–232
,
233

Pelosi, Nancy,
263

People's Council.
See
Narodna Rada

People's Newspaper
,
272–273

Perestroika (restructuring),
12
,
13
,
56
,
59
,
63
,
122
,
215
,
300
,
395

Peter the Great,
338
,
395

Petrov, Stanislav,
7

Pidhorny, Mykola.
See
Podgorny, Nikolai

Pierce, Barbara.
See
Bush, Barbara

Pinochet, Augusto,
98
,
121

Plekhanov, Yurii,
81
,
84–85
,
86
,
126
,
127

Podgorny, Nikolai (Pidhorny, Mykola),
54

Poland,
193
,
215
,
280
,
283
,
296
,
301
,
400

Politburo,
28–29

Political prisoners,
60
,
165

Polozkov, S. A.,
326

Poltoranin, Mikhail,
215
,
383

Popadiuk, Roman,
53
,
74–75
,
263
,
265

Popov, Gavriil,
26
,
122
,
177
,
205
,
220
,
300

Populations

    
Chechnia,
244

    
Crimea,
281

    
Estonia,
244

    
Kazakhstan,
311
,
351
,
352

    
Russia,
xvii

    
in Soviet Union,
xvii

    
Turkmenistan,
353

    
Ukraine,
xvii
,
62–63

    
Ukrainians in U.S.,
52
,
64–65
,
206
,
261
,
265–267
,
292

    
Uzbekistan,
353

Portugalov, Nikolai,
327

Potsdam Conference,
233

Powell, Colin,
87
,
106
,
201
,
404

Power

    
electoral system reforms and,
29
,
33
,
35
,
56

    
nuclear briefcases and,
81
,
340
,
368
,
371
,
376
,
377

    
sharing,
187

    
Soviet-American,
22

    
U.S. as global,
xvi
,
xvii
,
374

    
See also
Center-republic relations

Power, union-to-commonwealth transfer of

    
Gorbachev and Yeltsin,
344
,
365–387

    
nuclear button and,
371

    
presidential archives and,
369

    
“RAND-like” corporation and,
368–369

    
resignation of Gorbachev and,
xiii–xiv
,
xviii–xix
,
40
,
74
,
148
,
149–150
,
327–328
,
367–386

    
retirement package for Gorbachev and,
366–371

    
with treatment of Gorbachev in post-Soviet space,
372
,
377–378
,
379
,
382
,
384–387

Prague Spring of 1968,
12

Pravda
(newspaper),
98
,
137
,
215
,
235

Presidential archives, transfer of,
369

Primakov, Yevgenii,
325

Prisoners, political,
60
,
165

Prokofiev, Yurii,
142

Public response

    
to Belavezha Agreement,
359

    
to CIS,
344

    
to coup d'état of August 1991,
102–104
,
107–109
,
118–120
,
134
,
139–141
,
142–143
,
161

    
threats to sovereignty and,
179–180

    
Ukrainian referendum and,
284
,
292
,
293
,
402

    
See also
Demonstrations

Pugo, Boris,
38

    
coup d'état and,
86
,
88
,
97
,
99
,
100

    
suicide and,
135
,
140
,
148
,
149

Pugo, Valentina,
148

Pushkin, Alexander,
103

Putin, Vladimir,
160
,
205
,
221
,
338

    
coup d'état of August 1991 and,
120–121

    
political views,
406

Radio Liberty,
118

Radio stations,
103
,
108
,
115
,
118

“RAND-like Corporation,”
368–369

Rashidov, Shoraf,
353–354

Rather, Dan,
116

Reagan, Nancy,
19
,
52

Reagan, Ron,
xiv
,
xv

Reagan, Ronald,
xiv
,
6
,
18
,
51

    
Gorbachev and,
12–13

    
legacy,
8–9
,
381–382

    
on Soviet Union,
7

“Rebuilding Russia” (Solzhenitsyn),
298

Red Rue song festival.
See
Chervona Ruta song festival

Red Square,
xiii
,
96

Referendum, in Ukraine,
288

    
Bush, George H. W., and,
275

    
candidates,
277–279
,
280

    
Chornovil and,
276
,
278–279
,
280
,
293

    
ethnic minorities and,
283–286

    
Kravchuk, Leonid, and,
275–277
,
279–282
,
284–287
,
291–294
,
303–304
,
399

    
nuclear arms and,
290

    
public response to,
284
,
292
,
293
,
402

    
religion and,
286

    
results,
293

    
Soviet military and,
286–287

    
Ukrainian military and,
289–291

    
See also
Commonwealth of Independent States
;
Soviet Union, collapse of
;
Ukraine

Reform

    
Baker on,
346

    
center-republic relations and,
206
,
207
,
215–230
,
238–239

    
of Communist Party,
139

    
corruption and,
349–350

    
economic,
13–14
,
206
,
207
,
215–230
,
238–239
,
241
,
284
,
341

    
economic management,
30

    
electoral system,
29
,
33
,
35
,
56

    
glasnost and,
12
,
13
,
56
,
63
,
111

    
Gorbachev and,
12
,
13
,
29–30
,
33
,
56
,
59
,
63
,
111
,
122
,
139
,
147
,
215
,
300
,
349–350
,
395

    
Kozyrev and,
215
,
229
,
238–239

    
perestroika and,
12
,
13
,
56
,
59
,
63
,
122
,
215
,
300
,
395

Religions

    
Islam,
295
,
346
,
348–349
,
355

    
in Ukraine,
286

Remnick, David,
18
,
57

Republics.
See
Baltic republics
;
Central Asian republics
;
Nuclear republics
;
Soviet republics
;
specific republics

Restructuring.
See
Perestroika

Retirement package, Gorbachev's,
366–371

Revenko, Heorhii,
320

Revolutions

    
Bolsheviks,
11
,
98
,
243
,
329
,
365
,
394

    
demonstrations for democratic,
139–143
,
202

    
French,
395

    
Great October Socialist,
28

    
ideological,
204
,
210

    
Orange,
407

    
Rose,
406–407

    
See also
Coup d'état, of August 1991
;
Coup d'états

Rice, Condoleezza,
42–43

Rights,
285

    
See also
Human rights

Romania,
193
,
283

Romanovs,
403

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
3
,
80
,
192
,
393
,
400

Rose Revolution of 2003,
406–407

Ross, Dennis,
332
,
335
,
336
,
379

Rossiiskaia gazeta
(Russian Newspaper),
344
,
347

Rostropovich, Mstislav,
103

Rukh (Ukrainian democratic political group),
59–61
,
63–64
,
67–68
,
156
,
278

    
Belavezha Agreement and,
304

    
on coup d'état of August 1991,
160–161

    
sovereignty and,
178
,
179–180
,
266
,
285–286

Russia

    
Almaty summit and,
83
,
362–363
,
364

    
Belarus and,
297
,
299
,
302
,
306–307