The Holocaust (146 page)

Demir-Hisar: deportation through,
1

Denmark: Jews come within Nazi orbit in (1940),
1
; and the German wish for deportations from (1942),
2
; Jews of, escape (September 1943),
3
; Jews from, released from Theresienstadt (1945),
4

Department IV-D-4:
see index entry for
Bureau IV-B-4

Dereczyn: mass murder at (1941),
1

Dessau, Leib: beaten to death (1939),
1

Deutsch, Stephan: dies (1941),
1

Deweltow, Roza: a Heroine of the Soviet Union,
1

Di Consiglio, Alina: aged three, deported to Auschwitz,
1

Dibauer (Gestapo chief): his sadism,
1

Djakovo: Jews murdered at,
1

Djerba: homes plundered in,
1

Dniester River: death marches to (1941),
1
; mass murder on banks of (1941),
2

Dobele: rescue of Jews from,
1

Dobra: Jews from, sent to their deaths (1941),
1
,
2
n. 2

Dobroszycki, Lucjan: recalls the effect of the Normandy landings in the Lodz ghetto,
1

Dobrzynski, Fraidla: commits suicide (1942),
1

Dobrzynski, Icek: commits suicide (1942),
1

Dodd, William: appeals to Hitler (1937),
1

‘Dog with Dog’: in Sosnowiec,
1

Dogim, Isaac: helps lead an escape,
1

Dohnanyi, Hans von: helps Jews,
1

Dollfuss, Dr Engelbert: murdered (1934),
1

Domanovka: mass murder of Jews at (1941),
1
,
2

Dombroveni: deportation from (1941),
1

Dombrowska, Esther: shot (1942),
1

Donat, Alexander: and events in the Warsaw ghetto,
1
,
2
,
3
; and the deportations from Warsaw to Treblinka,
4
,
5
; and a ‘turning point’ in Jewish history,
6
; and the Warsaw uprising,
7
,
8
; at Majdanek,
9

Donoff, David: executed (1944),
1

Dordogne: a Jew killed in (1944),
1

Dorebus, Joseph: deported,
1
; leads revolt at Auschwitz, and killed (1944),
2

Dorebus, Pesa; deported,
1
n.
2

Dorfman, Bronislawa: dies after liberation (1945),
1

Dornberg, Salomon: murdered, after liberation,
1

Dorosiewicz, Stanislaw: escapes,
1

Dortmund: Jews deported to Riga from (1941),
1
n.
2

Draenger, Gusta: her act of defiance,
1

Dragon, Szlama: recovers a manuscript,
1
n.
2

Drancy (Paris): deportations from,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
; death of a Jew at,
7
; further deportations from,
8

Draper, Colonel Gerald: and the scenes at Belsen after liberation,
1

Drescher (a teacher): shot (1941),
1

Dresden: and the ‘final solution’,
1
; a labour camp on the road to,
2
,
3
; a Jewess from, too weak to survive liberation,
4

Drexel, Hans: his demands (1939),
1

Drobless, Matti: escapes from the Warsaw ghetto,
1

Drohiczyn: Jews flee from,
1
; Jews shot at (1942),
2

Drohobycz: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2
; deportations from (1942),
3
,
4
; mass murder at, of the remnants (1943),
5

Dryzin, Isaak: rescued, with his brother, Dubno: eye-witness to mass murder in (1942),
1
; Jewish partisans in, destroyed,
2

Dubnov, Simon: killed (1941),
1
; ‘write and record!’,
2

Dubossary: mass murder at (1941),
1

Dubski, Dr: dies (1941),
1

Dubski, Yisrael: shot (1942),
1

Duenamuende: deportation to (1941),
1
,
2

Dukor, Liya: helps revolt,
1

Dulski (Jewish Council member):
1

Dunand, Georges: tries to help Jews,
1

Dunkirk: British withdraw from (1940),
1

Düsseldorf:
1
; deportation from (1941),
2
,
3
n.
4
; plans for deportation discussed by a representative from (1942),
5
; Jews from, in Lodz, deported to Chelmno (1942),
6
; recollections in a courtroom in,
7

Dvach, Anna: ensures survival of thirteen Jews,
1

Dvina river: Jews gassed on banks of (1944),
1

Dvinsk (Daugavpils): ‘murdered, in cold blood!’,
1
; murder of children at,
2
; further mass murder at (1941),
3
; an execution in (1941),
4
; work, hope and fear in,
5
; an action in (1 May 1941),
6

Dvorjetsky (Dworzecki), Meir Mark: learns of a mass murder site (1941),
1
; and the ‘days of civilization’,
2
; and an escape into the Black Forest (1945),
3

Dworzecki, Alter: shot (1942),
1

Dyzenhaus, Ludwik: shot (1940),
1

Dziadlowo Camp (Mlawa, Poland):
1

Dzialoszyce: deportation from (1942),
1
; Jews murdered by Poles in, after liberation,
2

Dzienciolski, Haya: escapes (1941),
1
; survives,
2

Dzierzoniow (Reichenbach):
1

Dziobaty (an SS man): his cruelty,
1

East Prussia: Jews deported to camps in (1944),
1
; mass murder in (1945),
2

East Upper Silesia: a concentration camp established in (1940),
1
; labour camps in (1941),
2
; Jewish Council in,
3
; factories of (1942),
4

Eastermann, A. L.: statistics provided by (1946),
1
n.
2
,
3
n. 1

Eastern Galicia:
1
; mass murder in (1941),
2
,
3
; deportations to Belzec from (1942),
4
,
5
; the search for survival in (1943),
6

Ebensee: survivors of Auschwitz and the Polish labour camps evacuated to (1945),
1
,
2
; a death march to, from Mauthausen,
3
; liberation of,
4

Eberson (of Lvov): killed (1943),
1

Eblagon, Albert: recalls conditions at Alderney Camp, on the Channel Islands,
1

Eckhardt, J. A.: fears ‘renewal’ of Jewry in the United States,
1

Eckstein, Henry: killed (1942),
1

Edelbaum, Ben: witnesses a hospital ‘action’,
1
; and ‘the most terrifying lamentations’,
2
; and a ‘children’s action’ in Lodz,
3

Edelbaum, Esther: the fate of her child (1941).
1

Edelman, David: killed in battle (1944),
1

Edelstein, Jacob: deported,
1
; murdered,
2

Eden, Anthony:
1

Edgar, Donald: sees women slave labourers (1940),
1

Edineti camp: deaths at (1941),
1

Edvardson, Cordelia: ‘I am alive’,
1

Egypt:
1
; British forces on defensive in,
2

Ehrlich (from Silesia): killed (1942),
1

Ehrlich, Dr: a partisan medical officer,
1

Eichmann, Adolf: and Jewish emigration (1938),
1
; and Jewish ‘resettlement’ (1939),
2
; and the eastern killings (1941),
3
; and poison gas (1941),
4
; and the ‘approaching final solution’ (1941),
5
,
6
; and the Wannsee Conference (20 January 1942),
7
,
8
; and an appeal on behalf of a Jew,
9
; and imminent deportations (6 March 1942),
10
; an eye-witness to mass murder (at Chelmno),
11
; and the renewed deportations from Germany (April 1942),
12
; and a deportation to Lublin (June 1942),
13
; his department, and gas-vans,
14
; angered,
15
; a complaint made, to the office of,
16
; and Jewish skeletons,
17
; in Hungary,
18
,
19
,
20
,
21
; leaves Budapest,
22
; returns to Budapest (October 1944),
23
; visits Theresienstadt (April 1945),
24

Eichmann Trial: a witness at,
1
; a scar shown at,
2

Eimann, Kurt: and euthanasia shootings (1939),
1

Einsatzgruppen
(killing squads): and the mass murder of Jews,
1
passim
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7

Einsatzkommando:
killing operations report of (1941),
1
,
2
; at Kishinev,
3
; in White Russia,
4
,
5
,
6
; in Eastern Galicia,
7
; throughout the east,
8
,
9
,
10
; at Vilna,
11
; in Kiev,
12
; at Nikolayev and Kherson,
13
; at Kovno,
14
,
15
; in Lithuania,
16
; in the Crimea,
17
; at a remote ghetto,
18
; at Khmelnik,
19
; at Kremenchug,
20
; in the Crimea,
21
,
22
; at Radziwillow,
23
; in the Kherson region,
24
; and the use of gas-vans,
25
; at Mielnica,
26
; at Rowne,
27
; at Szarkowszczyzna,
28
; and the exhumation and burning of corpses,
29
; in Slovakia,
30

Einsporn, Fritz: witnesses a deportation,
1

Einstein, Albert: forced into exile (1933),
1

Eisenberg, Filip: killed (1942),
1

Eisenhower, General: shocked by a mass grave (1945),
1

Eisenstab (a furrier): at Chelmno,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

Ejszyszki: mass murder at (1941),
1
; death of two Jews at, after liberation (1944),
2

Ekstein, Pavel: shot (1944),
1

Electrocutions: rumoured (1942),
1
,
2

Elektoralna Street (Warsaw): death of a Jew from (1942),
1

Elizabeth, Queen of the Belgians: her intervention,
1

Elkes, Elchanan: in Kovno,
1
,
2

Elyashiv, Vera: the ‘terrible moments’, in Kovno,
1
; deported from Kovno,
2

Emmerich, SS Sergeant: wounded,
1

Endelman, Leon: commits suicide (1942),
1

Endlösung
(Final Solution): ‘doubtless imminent’ (20 May 1941),
1

Epaux, Annette: on the way to death (1943),
1

Epstein (a baker): ‘terrified’,
1

Epstein, Dr Bernard: killed with his wife and two sons (1943),
1

Epsztejn, Esther: recalls deaths from weakness, after liberation,
1

Erler, SS Corporal: killed (1944),
1

Esperanto: fate of children of inventor of,
1

Essen:
1
,
2

Essentuki: Jews of, killed (1941),
1

Esterwegen concentration camp: established (1933),
1

Estonia:
1
; anti-Jewish decree in (1941),
2
; ‘without Jews’ (1941),
3
; a deportation to, from Berlin (1942),
4
; Jews deported to a camp in (1942), from Vilna and Kovno,
5
; deportations from (1944),
6
; survivors from the labour camps in, escape in the Black Forest (1945),
7

Eszenbaum, Israel: executed (1941),
1
,
2
n. 4

‘Eternal Jew, The’: exhibition,
1

‘Eternal Jew, The’: an anti-Semitic film (1940),
1

Ethnic Germans:
1
; in Lodz (1941),
2
; during a deportation,
3
; and the German invasion of Russia,
4
; at Chelmno (1942),
5
; a Jew mistaken for,
6
; and the Jews of Odessa,
7
; at Belzec,
8
; in Piotrkow,
9
; a Jew helped by,
10
; at Mauthausen,
11

Etkind, Michael: and ‘the courage to commit suicide’,
1
; at Buchenwald,
2
; and the news of Hitler’s death,
3

Eukodal: death of the discoverer of,
1

Euppen, SS Captain Theo: ‘a sadist’,
1

Evian Conference (1938):
1

Fach, Ernestyna: shot (1941),
1

Fach, Dr Klara: shot (1941),
1

Fahn, Arnold: glimpses his family as they are deported,
1

Fahn, Regina: deported from Rhodes,
1
; ‘It happened so quickly’,
2

Fahn, Rudolf: deported from Rhodes (1944),
1
; killed at Mauthausen (1945),
2

Fahn, Shani (Alexander): glimpses his grandfather,
1
; ‘swallowed up in the crowd’,
2

Fahn, Sidney: deported from Rhodes,
1
; passes through his home town,
2
; reaches Auschwitz,
3
; and the death of his wife and son,
4
; survives,
5
; liberated,
6

Fain, Dr: hanged (1941),
1

Fajgenblat, Dr: dies of wounds (1944),
1

Falenica: Jewish children shot in (1942),
1

Falesti: deportation from (1941),
1

Family camps: discovered (near Brest-Litovsk),
1
; established (north-west of Lublin),
2
; finds a protector,
3
; bombardment of,
4
; defence of (in White Russia),
5
; near Minsk,
6