The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2358 page)

and his pupil
al-Junaid
, who is known as ‘the father of sober Sufism’) and have themselves been critical of
antinomian
tendencies or individuals in S
f
movements—associated e.g. with Khuras
n, or with the
Qalandars
. The union between S
f
devotion and shar
‘a is associated particularly with
al-Ghaz(z)
l
and the great Indian teacher, A
mad Sirhind
(d. 1625 (AH 1034)): he was a S
f
of the
Naqshband
order who affirmed that while the experience of the unity of all being in God is real, it is neither the whole nor the end of religion: moral and virtuous life are as important—and to enforce this he wrote letters to his many followers throughout India. The S