The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (103 page)

and received the Navy Cross
: author interview with James Lawrence.

“selected dumps along the way”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 52.

Chinese forces on the eastern front
: Lawrence, James, paper on the Chosin fighting he prepared for U.S. Marine Corps Symposium; author interview with James Lawrence.

“still far from our preselected killing zones”
: Simmons, Edwin,
Frozen Chosin,
U.S. Marine Corps Korean War Commemorative Series, 2002, p. 34.

in case the Chinese struck
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 71.

“of sick and wounded”
Ibid., p. 72.

“we took 4500 casualties out”
: Frank, Benis,
The Epic of Chosin,
U.S. Marine Corps History Division.

“and a chasm on the other”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 65.

“with much the same scenario”
: author interview with James Lawrence. Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 82.

“on where you wanted to measure”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 82.

“and that’s what we started to do”
: Simmons, Edwin,
Frozen Chosin,
p. 49.

“an insane plan”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 456.

“the most ill-advised and unfortunate”
: Ibid.

“was the Tenth Corps commander”
: author interview with James Lawrence.

would have tragic consequences
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 418.

“What did the general say?”
: Gugeler, Russell,
Combat Operations in Korea,
p. 62.

“What a damned travesty”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
pp. 196–197; Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 462–464.

“an arrogant, blind march to disaster”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 464.

easy prey for the Chinese
: Heefner, Wilson,
Patton’s Bulldog,
p. 295.

CHAPTER
31

“were running in all directions”
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

was blocked by the Chinese
: Ibid.; Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 478.

might well have seen Chinese
: Marshall, S. L. A.,
The River and the Gauntlet,
p. 264.

“or just barrel through”
: author interview with Alan Jones.

He had never heard of it before
: author interview with Malcolm MacDonald; MacDonald family memoir.

“Well, come out my way”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 477.

always bad, became even worse
: author interview with Larry Farnum.

“we lost because of it”
: author interview with Harold G. Moore.

and with disabled vehicles
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 478–81.

“so I guess I can run another one”
: author interview with Jim Hinton.

Lucky Charley, he had thought
: author interviews with Sam Mace and Charley Heath.

to die on that road trying
: author interview with Alan Jones.

“on the road to Sunchon, would you?”
: Ibid., author interview with Bill Wood.

CHAPTER
32

“I’ve lost my whole battalion”
: author interview with Malcolm MacDonald.

“Can’t any of you do anything?”
Marshall, S. L. A.,
The River and the Gauntlet,
p. 319.

an epitaph for the day
: Ibid., p. 320.

“in this godawful country”
: Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 193.

“More fucking Chinese!”
: author interview with Paul O’Dowd.

CHAPTER
33

“some kind of officer’s club”
: author interview with Gino Piazza.

they were stuck with all that
: Ibid.

“commitment to his men made things harder”
: Ibid., author interviews with Larry Farnum and Alarich Zacherle.

bore him no animus
: author interview with Alarich Zacherle.

“very few of them made it back”
: author interview with Bob Nehrling.

just how close the Chinese were
: author interview with Hank Emerson.

a kind of death for him as well
: author interview with Charley Heath.

CHAPTER
34

Had their communications been more modern
: Alpha Bowser oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.

“non-battle injuries, mostly frostbite”
: Hoffman, Jon T.,
Chesty,
p. 410.

“preferably one with yellow skin”
: Russ, Martin,
Breakout,
p. 6.

“simply attacking in another direction”
: Alpha Bowser oral history, U.S. Marine Corps History Division.

“overly cautious executing any order”
: Simmons, Edwin H.,
Frozen Chosin,
p. 35.

“I was never more satisfied”
: D. Clayton James interview with Oliver P. Smith, MacArthur Memorial Library.

“You tell General Walker to”
: Marshall, S. L. A.,
Bringing Up the Rear,
pp. 181–183.

“Never serve under Tenth Corps”
: Hoffman, Jon T.,
Chesty,
p. 417.

CHAPTER
35

in the previous six weeks
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 468.

“as if the madness were in the room”
: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.

“he could not bear to end his career in checkmate”
: Manchester, William,
American Caesar,
p. 617.

“omissions of the more unpalatable facts”
: Hastings, Max,
The Korean War,
p. 178.

prematurely triggered the Chinese attack
: James, D. Clayton,
Refighting the Last War,
p. 45.

and thus redeem himself
: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay,
A General’s Life,
p. 626.

victories of his adversaries not really victories
: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.

“Whom the gods destroy”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 518.

“Someone is crazy”
: author interview with Joe Fromm.

“It was disgraceful”
: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay,
A General’s Life,
p. 603.

why couldn’t we?:
Ibid.

“thereby to unite the forces of Eighth Army and Tenth Corps”
: Ibid.

“one promising front in the war to liberate”
: Herzstein, Robert,
Henry Luce and the American Crusade in Asia,
p. 139.

“Luce wants the Big War”
: Ibid., p. 147.

“to Manhattan’s Upper West Side”
: Ibid., p. 136.

“so often been right when everyone else”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 61.

“I never afterward had occasion to discuss this”
: Ibid.; author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.

“the British at Singapore in 1942”
: Hastings, Max,
The Korean War,
p. 170.

“ill-armed and on their feet”
: Ibid., p. 167.

“complete disgrace and of shame”
: author interview with Sam Mace.

CHAPTER
36

“a lot sooner in the game”
: author interview with Jack Murphy.

“the last great battle between East and West”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 69.

“we risk disaster”
: Ibid.

“was the same as that on it”
: author interview with Ken Hamburger; Blair, Clay,
Ridgway’s Paratroopers,
pp. 138–141.

“not before the Japanese people”
: Matthew B. Ridgway interview, Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.

“very little in the way of blood”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 110.

greatest American soldier
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
dedication.

“stuck to the bone”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 569.

“Do what you think best”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
p. 83.

“the most underrated”
: Allen, George,
None So Blind
, p. 96.

“like no other general’s in our”
: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay,
A General’s Life,
p. 608.

“seldom took advantage of it”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
pp. 88–89.

“not in retreat, but in flight”
: Harold Johnson oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

“You must be ruthless”
: Toland, John,
In Mortal Combat,
p. 378.

“Fight them! Finish them!”
: Ibid.

CHAPTER
37

“He wanted to go to war with China”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 566–567.

“We are fighting the second team”
: Hastings, Max,
The Korean War,
p. 186.

“of what many might call ‘appeasement’”
: Ibid., p. 569.

“under which we were fighting”
: Bradley, Omar with Blair, Clay,
A General’s Life,
p. 646.

“Even with his penis he was defiant”
: Blair, Clay,
Ridgway’s Paratroopers,
p. 111.

wings were going to be partially clipped
: Coleman, J. D.,
Wonju,
p. 59.

no longer going to play games
: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.

Jeter was gone, and word
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 574.

the smallest details right
: author interview with George Allen.

the beginning of the turnaround
: interview with Mike Michaelis, Clay Blair papers, U.S. Army War College Library.

CHAPTER
38

might prove a crisis in itself
: Xiaobing Li, et al.,
Mao’s Generals Remember Korea,
p. 11.

becoming drunk with success
: Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 252.

“if they weren’t ours”
: author interview with Walter Killilae, Killilae private memoir.

always treated them
: Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
pp. 41–42.

he intended to savor it
: Ibid., p. 167.

“will be a battle of supply,”
Ibid., pp. 80–81.

“who see the conduct of war in dogmatic”
: Ibid.

“and one bite [of] snow”
: Xiaobing Li, et al.,
Mao’s Generals Remember Korea,
p. 54.

met only a quarter of the army’s
: Ibid., p. 18.