The Black History of the White House (73 page)

conservative movement cultivation,
477

House, Callie,
357–358

House Bill (HB 2281),
21

House Concurrent Resolution 57 (Conyers) (1987 passage),
343

House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA),
281

housing, racial disparities (continuation),
449–450

Hughes, Langston,
15

Humphrey, Hubert,
367

Hunter, David,
193

Hurricane Katrina,
326
,
432

Bush disregard, appearance,
331

Hussein, Saddam,
430

Hutton, Bobby,
389

 

identity politics,
463

“I Have a Dream” (King Jr. speech),
286–287

Illinois

Democratic domination,
183

free state admission,
146

Illinois Solidarity Party,
395

immediatism (Newman),
94

importation, term,
73

“Impressions of the Far East” (Ellington),
334

incarceration, racial disparities (continuation),
449–450

Independence National Historical Park (INHP),
101

independents, involvement,
381–382

Indiana, free state admission,
146

Indian removal,
20

Industrial Farm and Institute (Garvey support),
352

institutional racism,
451

Bolden story,
280–281

challenge,
233–234

perpetuation,
32–33

insurrections, suppression,
69

Inter-Agency Liaison of the National Institute of Mental Health,
261

Iraq

al Qaeda, Bush administration linkage,
431

Bush/Cheney focus,
430

War, cessation,
456

Ireland, Samuel,
222

Ivey, William J.,
344

 

Jack (White House construction slave),
117

Jackson, Andrew

ACS member,
148

Indian fighter reputation,
149

slavery defense,
149

Thornton letter,
126

Jackson, Jerry,
461

Jackson, Jesse,
295
,
367–371
,
373
,
376

black political party option,
397

campaign, impact,
370

Chicago office, SCLC leadership,
420

extortion-like politics, claims,
449

Obama, political rival,
433

Jackson, Mahalia,
342

Jackson, Maurice,
92–93

Jackson, Michael,
393

Jackson, Santita,
424

Jacob (White House construction slave),
117

Jacquet, Illinois,
344

jazz, impact,
332–345

Jazz Ambassadors program,
336

Jazz Appreciation Month,
346

Jealous, Benjamin,
376

Jefferson, Thomas,
25
,
63
,
83

ACS member,
148

Banneker letter/criticism,
123

bigotry,
121–122

Declaration of Independence opening,
59–60

guilt, relief,
61

Hemings (mistress),
84

literary skills, usage,
60

slave emancipation advocacy,
58–59

slavery

relationship, complication,
58–59

repugnance,
51

White House project implementation,
109

Jennings, Fanny,
135

freedom (aspiration), Madison (Dolley) perspective,
135–136

Jennings, Paul,
131–142
,
235
,
267

activism,
132

birth,
132–133

death,
142

footman/valet, role,
133

liberation,
140

Madison (Dolley)

Polk rental,
140

relationship,
134–135

Madison (James), relationship,
131–132

nightwalking,
135

White House, footman/valet role,
133

Jesse (Jefferson slave),
48

Jim Crow

legislation attack,
30–31

opposition,
232

presence,
231–235

presidents,
244–258

segregation

enforcement,
17

policies, impact,
29

Jindal, Bobby (postraciality advocacy),
454

John Birch Society,
383

John Birks Society,
382–383

Johnson, Andrew,
28
,
203
,
232

Congressional removal attempt,
217

Douglass opinion,
216

impeachment attempt,
217–218
,
356

Lincoln selection,
216

racism,
216–217

radicals, war,
217–218

slave re-imposition attempts,
235–236

Southern racist domination,
238

Johnson, Dolly (White House chef ),
83

Johnson, Francis B. “Frank” (1792-1844),
156–157
,
260

D'Amato honor,
157–158

Johnson, James (Treasury Undersecretary),
294

Johnson, James Weldon,
252
,
351

Johnson, LaVaughn Delores,
422

Johnson, Lyndon Baines

Civil Rights era impact,
30–31

crises,
23

Great Society effort, cessation,
308

photograph,
305

racial equality,
22

re-election, avoidance,
308

Johnson, Thomas,
112

Johnston, Frances Benjamin,
17

Jones, Absalom,
95

Allen, differences,
96

Jones, James Wormley,
361

Jones, Joe,
342

Jones, Sissieretta (Matilda Jones) performances,
263

Jordan, Robert,
373

Jordan, Vernon,
314

Jubilee Singers,
259–260

photograph,
259

White House performance,
260

Judge, Ona “Oney” Maria,
80

courage,
35

dower slave,
37

escape, success,
84–85

freedom,
46

preparation,
39

fugitive status,
46

hiding,
45–46

intransigence,
45–46

job, Whipple offer,
44–45

monetary value,
37

needlework/sewing skills,
38

wanted fugitive status,
40–41

Washington response,
45

just war, notion (Quaker rejection),
92

 

Katznelson, Ira,
29
,
255

Keckly, Elizabeth (Lizzy),
169–180
,
207

activity,
176–177

birth,
171–172

Colman, relationship,
210–211

death,
180

experiences,
171

go-between,
178

Lincoln (Mary) estrangement,
171

photograph,
170

rape,
172

servant/employee status, absence,
175

White House interaction,
235
,
267

Wilberforce University teaching position,
179–180

Keckly, James,
173

Keith Olberman Show, The,
474

Kendall, Amos,
150

Kennedy, Edward (death),
477

Kennedy, Jacqueline,
339

Bumbry performance,
266

nondisclosure agreements,
270–271

Kennedy, John F.,
299

assassination

Bolden critique,
281
,
288–289

Malcom X response,
444

plot, FBI discovery,
288

Barnett deal,
283

Civil Rights era impact,
30–31

civil rights leaders, meetings,
303

domestic policies, moderateness,
301

election, black vote (importance),
302

Executive Order 10925,
302

Executive Order 11063,
302

Obama admiration,
16

victory,
277

Kennedy, Robert,
283

assassination,
308
,
393

black presidency prediction,
427

Bolden introduction,
286

Kerry, John,
436
,
450

Key, Francis Scott,
126

ACS member,
148

Keyes, Alan,
318–319
,
378–380
,
440

extremism,
379

Keyes, William,
318

Keynesian economics, impact,
30

Kifner, John,
390

King, Coretta Scott,
301–302
,
314

King, Rodney (beating trial),
323
,
373–374

King Jr., Martin Luther,
300
,
362

assassination,
308
,
383
,
389

Atlanta arrest, Kennedy (impact),
301–302

Eisenhower meeting,
275–276

FBI monitoring,
302–303
,
402

honor,
31

“I Have a Dream” speech,
286–287

Nobel Peace Prize,
426

photograph,
272
,
305

presidency prediction,
426–427

presidential possibility,
401–403

“Time to Break Silence, A,”
306

unalienable rights, perspective,
66

King's Bench Court, slave freedom,
53–54

King Sr., Martin,
314

Kinsey, Carrie,
236

Kirk, Elise,
264–265

Kitt, Frederick,
85

Knights of the White Camelia, brutality,
233–234

Kromm, Chris,
435

Kucinich, Dennis,
431

Kuehn, Philip,
345

Ku Klux Klan (KKK),
282
,
427

bombing (1963),
287–288

brutality,
232–234

CORE challenge,
282–283

founding,
205

heroes, portrayal,
250–251

Imperial Wizard, Garvey meeting,
360

rise,
221

violence,
242–243

 

land, U.S. government (broken promises),
470

Landrieu, Mary L.,
258

Lane, Harriet,
163

Lane, Mark,
392–393

Langdon, Elizabeth,
43

advice,
45–46

Langdon, John,
43

“Last Rose of Summer” (Moore),
262

Latin America (regional mobilization), social democratic forces (impact),
476

Latinos, organizing/breakthroughs,
299–300

Laurens, Henry,
64

Lawler Jr., Edward,
97
,
100

article, response,
98

Coard response,
101–102

criticism,
101

Laws (Lawson), Annie Estelle,
418

Lawson, Arthur,
276

League of Nations, creation (struggle),
231

League of Revolutionary Black Workers,
279
,
389

Lear, Tobias,
41
,
81–82
,
85

LeClair, Cloe,
118

Lee, Barbara,
430–431

Lee, Billy/William,
79
,
90

physical disability,
79

Washington purchase,
79

Washington slave,
48

Lee, Robert,
173

Leighton, Frances Spatz,
270

Leinster House,
107

L'Enfant, Charles,
112–114

firing,
113–114

labor supply management failure,
116–117

wage payments,
114

Lepore, Jill,
80–81

Levinson, Stanley (dismissal attempt),
303

Lewis, John,
287
,
300
,
344

Lewis, John (pianist),
342

Lewis, Katherine Handy,
342

Liberia

Elizabeth
free black shipment,
148

emigration, Delany promotion,
189

success,
186–187

Liberty
(New York Anti-Slavery Society),
98

Liberty Bell

memorial, development (overseeing),
100

movement, NPS impact,
97

outrage,
98

slavery focus, debate,
98

Liberty Bell Center

construction,
97–98

Kelly/Maiello Architects & Planners, impact,
101

location,
99

Liberty to Slaves (Black Pioneers motto),
80

Liberty Union Party,
395

Limbaugh, Rush (white reactionary),
380

bigoted tirades,
453–454

power/influence,
474–475

racist remarks,
461

Lincoln, Abby,
304
,
338

Lincoln, Abraham

African Americans

lobby,
213–214

minister meeting,
185–186