The Black History of the White House (72 page)

Fehrenbacher, Don E.,
184

Fellner, James,
322

female population, electoral/political voice (absence),
70–71

Ficklin, Charles,
270

Ficklin, John (White House butler/supervisor),
269–270

Ficklin, Samuel,
270

Fidele, Diane (resignation),
447

Fields, Alonzo (White butler/maître d'hôtel),
267–269
,
270

presidential preference,
268

Fifteenth Amendment, passage (1870),
216

Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Colored Regiment,
204

Fillmore, Millard

ACS member,
148

Drayton/Sayres executive pardon,
140

Fugitive Slave Act (1850) signing,
151

slave ownership, avoidance,
145

Final Report of the JFK Board, creation,
291–292

Fisk University,
259–260

Fitzgerald, Ella,
384

Fletcher, Arthur (Philadelphia Plan),
312–313

Foote, Henry,
137

“For Aunty Sojourner Truth” (Truth),
211–212

Ford, Gerald,
299
,
314

civil rights advances,
31

Forrest, Nathan Bedford,
205

Forsyth, John,
153–154

Fort Pillow, black troop murder,
205

founding documents,
35

Founding Fathers

impact,
35

property rights priority,
74–75

rhetoric, challenge,
129

slavery, accommodation,
52

Fourteenth Amendment, passage (1868),
215–216

Fox TV News, right-wing aid,
454

France, Second Republic (declaration),
137

Frank (White House construction slave),
117

Franklin, Aretha,
329–330

Franklin, John Hope,
54
,
99
,
325

Franklin & Armfield, abducted/enslaved people dealings,
105

Fraunces, “Black Sam,”
49

Free African Society

broad-based network,
95–96

formation,
95

free blacks

future, perception,
190–191

inclusion,
70

restrictions,
146

Freedman and Soldier's Relief Association,
177–178

Freedman's Bank,
28

Freedmen's Bureau (Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land),
215

school setup,
240

Freedmen's Bureau Act, Lincoln signing,
470

Freedmen's Pension Bill
(Connell),
357–358

Freedom, White House symbol,
18

Freedom
(statue) (Crawford),
127–129

freedom movement,
298–317

Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Kennedy documents release,
281

freedom rides (1961),
282
,
303

free jazz movement,
338

free labor

capital construction involvement,
110–117

Republican Party push,
27–28

Freeman, Morgan,
407–409

Free South Africa Movement (FSAM),
319

free states

slave states, balance,
146

status (1812),
145–146

Freidman, Paul,
470

Fremont, John C.,
192–193

Fremont Declaration,
192

Fugitive Slave Act (1793),
26
,
40
,
44

enforcement, weakening,
413

passage/signing,
74–75

repeal,
96

Fugitive Slave Act (1850),
26
,
75
,
154

creation,
413

Fillmore signing,
151

intent,
415

overthrowing,
196

Pierce enforcement,
151

strengthening,
172

Fugitive Slave Laws,
64

Fulani, Lenora,
381
,
394–396

race, dropout,
395

 

G-7, dissolution,
475

G-20, global governance,
475

Gabriel (White House construction slave),
117

Gag rule

accommodation,
152–153

elimination,
153

impact,
151–152

Gallagher, Mary,
271

Gantt, Henry,
377

Garfield, James A.,
203

abolition support,
238

assassination,
240

inauguration speech (1881),
238–239

states' rights defense,
240

Garland, Ann,
173

Garland, Armistead,
173

Garland, Hugh,
172–173

Garment, Leonard,
341–342

Garnet, Henry Highland,
173
,
178
,
189
,
199

resistance,
198

Garvey, Marcus Mosiah,
349–361

black community, conflict,
353

death,
361

government attacks,
360–361

Justice Department deportation attempt,
361

KKK Imperial Wizard meeting,
360–361

mail fraud accusation,
357

Negro World,
361

New Negro Crowd, government perspective,
360–361

photograph,
350

Provisional President of Africa proclamation,
350–351

UNIA,
352

Wells battle,
245

Gary Declaration,
396

Gates, Henry Louis (Skip Gates),
417

arrest incident,
462–465

Gawiser, Sheldon,
433

General Order 11,
192

issuance,
193

Lincoln, rescinding,
194

George, King

armed revolt, justification,
59

colonies, split (declaration),
57

regime, oppressiveness,
47–48

Georgetown Weekly Record,
121

George Washington
(Trumbull),
79

Georgia

profit, slavery (impact),
55

rejected Jefferson Declaration clause,
61

Gerald (White House construction slave),
117

Getz, Stan,
339
,
343

Gibbs, Robert (apologies),
473–474

Gillespie, John Birks “Dizzy,” 342,
343
,
381–386

Jazz Ambassador,
337

racism, cessation (campaign),
384

Gilmore III, James S. (Appeals Court nomination opposition),
330–331

Gingrich, Newt,
376

mosque hysteria,
459–460

racist remarks,
461

Gleason, Ralph,
383

global capitalism, change,
29–30

Gonzales, Virgilio (Watergate burglar),
313

Goodman, Amy,
474

Goodman, Andrew,
393

Goodman, Benny,
342

Good Ol' Boy Roundup investigation,
294–295

Goodwin, Doris Kearns,
181

team of rivals,
216

Gore, Al (vote controversy),
325

government cover-up, Bolden story,
280–281

government location, South wariness,
87–88

Gradual Abolition Act

Article X,
41

development,
94

Washington circumvention,
42

gradualist policy (Pennsylvania Abolition Society),
94

Graeff, Abraham op den,
91

Graeff, Derick op den,
91

Granary Burying Ground, funeral procession,
50

grandfather clauses, impact,
243–244

Granger, Lester (Eisenhower meeting),
276

Grant, Gary,
473

Grant, Ulysses S.,
203

Jubilee Singer performance,
260

Southern racist domination,
238

Grave of the Slave
(Johnson),
157

Gray, Samuel,
49

Gray Panthers,
304

Great Britain (oppression), founding leader freedom declaration,
51–52

Great Depression

job generation,
254–255

social/legislative advances,
455–456

Great Society

effort, cessation,
308

social/legislative advances,
455–456

Greeley, Horace,
195

Lincoln letter,
195

Greene, Charity,
159

Greenough, Horatio (statue), African American school children (photo),
20

Green Party, McKinley alliance,
400

Gregory, Dick,
381
,
383–387
,
391–393

popularity/talent, usage,
391–392

Grose, Dean (resignation),
447–448

Grupski, Thomas,
296

Guantanamo Bay prison

closure,
456

legal limbo,
24

 

Hadley, Stephen,
330

Haiti, revolution (1791),
228

Hall, Cesar (free black laborer) (Free Cesar),
125

Hall, Tanya,
100

Hamer, Fannie Lou,
56
,
304
,
362

testimony,
385

Hamilton, Alexander (Assumption Act),
88

Hamilton, Chico,
345

Hampton, Fred,
420

Hampton, Lionel,
342–343

Hancock, Herbie,
342
,
346

Harding, Warren G. (anti-lynching speech),
250–251

Hargrave, Francis,
53

Harkless, Uncle,
78–79

“Harlem” (Ellington),
333

Harlem Spelling Bee (Secret Service email),
296

Harpers Ferry raid,
166
,
173

Harris, Katherine,
326

Harris, Patricia

ambassador appointment,
308

Nixon enemy,
310

Harrison, Benjamin H.,
83
,
203

abolition support,
238

Harrison, William Henry (black enslavement),
145

Harry (White House black carpenter),
104
,
108

Hartmann, Thom,
281
,
291

Harvard Law Review,
Obama presidency,
439–440

Hatcher, Richard,
396

Havel, Vaclau,
344

Hayes, Lucy Webb,
262

Hayes, Rutherford B.

election,
237

Jim Crow president,
29

presidency win,
17

Williams performance,
262

Hayes-Tilden Compromise (1876),
28–29
,
233–234

Supreme Court decision,
237–238

Haynes, Roy,
343

Haynsworth Jr., Clement (Supreme Court nomination failure),
309

Haysbert, Dennis,
409–411

Head of State,
407

health care, racial disparities (continuation),
449–450

Helm, Edith,
265

Helms, Jesse,
330

racist Southern defense,
377

Hemings, James (Jefferson chef ),
83–85

Hemings, Sally,
84

Henderson, Joe,
344

Hendricks, Gerrit,
91

Henry (White House construction slave),
117

Hercules,
90

disappearance,
86

disloyalty, display (potential),
82

dress/income,
78–79

escape,
82–83

freedom, seeking,
82

Kitt pursuit,
85

Lear enquiry,
85

photograph,
78

Washington faith,
81–82

Washington search,
85

White House story,
77–86

Hercules, dower negroes,
42

Herman, Alexis,
323

Herman, Woody,
342
,
384

Heston, Charlton,
343

High Street (Philadelphia), photograph,
36

Hill, Anita (sexual harassment charges),
321

Hilliard, David,
388

Hischfield, Fritz,
82–83

Historical Magazine, The,
131

historical perspective, struggle,
19–22

history, marginalization/silencing,
19–20

Hoban, James,
107–108
,
144

hiring,
112

slave carpenter ownership,
108

Washington hiring,
107–108

Hoffman, Elsie,
262

Holland, Jesse,
128–129

Holland, Justin,
158

Holland Jerry/Jeremiah (free black laborer),
125

Holliday, Billie (“Strange Fruit”),
254

Hollis, Laura,
32

Home for Destitute Women and Children,
179–180

Hooks, Benjamin,
314

Hoover, Herbert,
230

long-term racial inequality opinion,
269

lynching opinion,
252

Hoover, J. Edgar,
302–303
,
309–310
,
361

paranoia,
388–389

Hoover, Lou (tea invitation problem),
230–231

Horton, James,
99

Horton, Wilie (campaign advertisement),
320