The Black Death in London (36 page)

28  
Benedictow 2004, 96–109.

29  
Hardy 1869, Vol. 1, 361.

30  
CPL, Vol. 3, 37–8.

31  
Horrox 1994, 221.

32  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 142.

33  
Hamilton-Thompson 1914, 102; Horrox 1994, 111–12.

34  
Horrox 1994, 112.

35  
Horrox 1994, 114.

36  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 147.

37  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 146–7.

38  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 144. The twenty-four ‘poor’ knights were, of course, the Order of the Garter.

39  
Wilson et al. 1986, 82–3.

40  
Ashbee 2007, Chapter 7.

41  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 149.

42  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 559.

43  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 151.

44  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 588.

45  
CLB F, 183.

46  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 183.

47  
Hardy 1869, Vol. 1, 363.

48  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 585.

49  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 588.

50  
CAN, DD, no 416.

51  
CAN, DD, no 417.

52  
CHW, Vol. 1, 505–632.

53  
CPL, Vol. 3, 286, 310.

54  
TNA SC 2/191/60.

55  
Infectious diseases have an incubation stage and an infectious stage; the duration of these may vary from hours to weeks. For a short review of the debates over the nature of the plague, and how the London evidence can contribute, see the Appendix.

56  
See Appendix. This proposition would clearly mean a later arrival and faster spread. If it is right, there is no obvious explanation for the number of chroniclers setting the date as July or August for the plague’s arrival. It remains the case that the combined evidence of discrete manorial courts and Episcopal institutions provides a sounder basis for analysis than chronicles.

57  
Hardy 1869, Vol. 1, 359.

58  
Horrox 1984, 250.

59  
TNA E 403/345 m1 (payment is dated Wednesday 1 October 1348). Perhaps a scribal error is to blame.

60  
Horrox 1994, 113–14; Philip Ziegler (1977, 122 n5) referenced this erroneously as evidence that London was already being ravaged by this date.

61  
Horrox 115; Parry 1912, 137.

62  
Giles 1847, 189; Horrox 1994, 81; Luard 1866, 475.

63  
CHW, Vol. 1, 506–7.

64  
TNA SC 2/191/60 m1–2.

65  
Johnson 1948, Vol. 2; CCRBL, 134 (l).

66  
CLB F, 185.

67  
Foedera, Vol. 5, 643, 646.

68  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 193.

69  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 202.

70  
Horrox 1994, 115–16.

71  
Duffy 1992, 293.

72  
Barron 2004, 330.

73  
CPL, Vol. 3, 272.

74  
Thompson 1889, 406–7; Horrox 1994, 65.

75  
CPL, Vol. 3, 309.

76  
Foedera,Vol. 5, 649.

77  
Mortimer 2008, 262.

78  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 606–7.

79  
Gentleman’s Magazine,Vol. 1 (new series), 1834, January–June, 217; the location in the retro-choir of the slab is discussed in Divers et al. 2009, 67, monument L438. I am grateful to Nathalie Cohen for drawing my attention to this work.

80  
CHW,Vol. 1, 518, 526, 609.

81  
CLB F, 185.

82  
TNA SC 2/191/60 m4.

83  
Hockey 1987, 25.

84  
Horrox 1994, 74.

85  
Horrox 1994, 22–3.

86  
Horrox 1994, 81.

87  
Horrox 1994, 64, 74, 81.

88  
Horrox 1994, 28–30.

89  
Horrox 1994, 194–203.

90  
Horrox 1994, 52–3.

91  
Hurston 1856. The original document is lost and undated, however, so could as easily refer to the 1361 or even later outbreaks.

92  
VCH Middx 2, 61–70.

93  
Hockey 1986, nos 331–2, 345, 354, 363. The dates of institution, often several weeks later than the vacancies themselves, were recorded in the register on 22 and 14 January, and 2, 15 and 20 February respectively.

94  
TNA SC 2/205/12 m9d.

95  
CHW, Vol. 1, 608.

96  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 177–9.

97  
Horrox 194, 81; Bernard d’Espaygne, a wine merchant, was beheaded at Nomanneslond in 1326 for treason (Riley 1863, 266); BL Ms Nero E vi; MOSJ MS K/12, 28.

98  
Kingsford 1908, Vol. 2, 81–2.

99  
So named in the Cartulary of the Knights Hospitaller; BL Ms Nero E vi; MOSJ MS K/12, p. 36, charter dated to 1432.

100  
Tyler 1998, 118–19, fig. 5.

101  
Horrox 1994, 64–5.

102  
Horrox 1994, 53.

103  
Harvey 1993, 115–16.

104  
CCR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 615; Horrox 1994, 71.

105  
Foedera, Vol. 5, 655.

106  
Mortimer 2008, 262.

107  
Ziegler 1977, 72–5; Riley 1868, 264–5.

108  
Horrox 1994, 74, quoting John of Reading.

109  
CPL, Vol. 3, Gilbert Palmer and his wife Alice, and William Blod and his wife Joan.

110  
CHW, Vol. 1, 518, 524–5, 528–30, 571, 640–1, 647, 661.

111  
CHW, Vol. 1, 600; 602.

112  
CHW, Vol. 1, 517.

113  
CHW, Vol. 1, 514, 519.

114  
CHW, Vol. 1, 515.

115  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 218, 254; CHW,Vol. 1, 512; Hockey 1986 (ed.), no 404.

116  
TNA SC 2/191/60 m6–m12d.

117  
Horrox 1994, 32.

118  
TNA LR 2/61, translated by W. St John Hope 1925, 7–8.

119  
Levillain 2002, 1,221.

120  
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography:
www.oxforddnb.com/index/17/101017985/
; CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 332.

121  
St John Hope 1925, 7–8; Pugh 1969, 159.

122  
CPP, Vol. 22, 234.

123  
St John Hope 1925, 7.

124  
CPR, Ed III, Vol. 8, 266.

125  
Horrox 1994, 81.

126  
Horrox 1994, 65; a garbling of this has led to a miscalculation of 2,000 burials in one cemetery between 2 February and 2 April 1348 (Gottfried 1983, 64; Naphy and Spicer 2004, 31).