Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists (69 page)

in Afghanistan, 247, 248–49

Balfour declaration, 85

colonialization of Middle East, 84–85, 89

“Crevice plotters,” 113, 272, 273

failed plot of medical cell, 2007, 113

judicial torture and, 424

London Underground bombing, 1, 261, 269, 270, 272, 273, 482

marginalization of Muslim youth, 270

partition of India, 227–28, 249–50

Scotland Yard, 96

terrorist plots thwarted in, 270

Greenspan, Alan, 495n 13

Gregory VII, Pope, 71

group love, 295–98, 301, 316–17, 334, 450

groupthink, 219–24

Guantánamo prison, 50, 149, 155, 175

Gul, Hamid, 231

Gunaratna, Rohan, 15, 18

Gun Gun, 159

Guns of August, The
(Tuchman), 31

Hafidin, Heri, 148

Haidt, Jonathan, 458–59

Hakimullah Mehsud, 265

Hamad, Ghazi, 365–66, 371–72

Hamas, 36, 89, 227, 268, 347, 489, 519n 6, 519n 7

Ashdod port bombing, 24, 26

Covenant (1988), 387

education/science background of members, 416

electorate base, 366

humiliation and vengeance, 358

Israeli offensives, 361–62, 370–71

Israel’s killing of leaders, 25

in Lebanon, 406, 497n 15

peace and, 366, 373–79, 396–400

slain leaders as heroes, 365

soccer team, 490

suicide bombers and, 362–64,
408

studies on moral imperative for terrorism, 341–44

suspension of “martyrdom actions,” 405

two faces (positions) of, 368–72

Hambali, 123, 134, 135, 136, 141, 143, 145, 146, 149, 153, 155–59, 161–62

Hamburg, Germany, 109

Al Qaeda group, 105–12, 113

Al Quds mosque, 107, 109–10, 110, 179

Hamdan, Osama, 347, 369, 405–6

Hamilton, William, 301, 302–3

Hamori, Basma, 406–9

Hamzi, Nawaf al, 160

Hanbali, Mohamed Al-, 363–64

Haniya, Ismail, 368, 374, 385

Hanjour, Hani, 106

Hansen, Ian, 416, 453

Harkat ul-Mujahedin, 295

Harrak, Saed El, 202

Harris, Sam, 410, 411–12, 415–16, 423

Hasan, Achmad, 150

Hasan, Malik Nadal, 276

Hassebroeack, Johannes, 334–35

Hayat, Sardar Sikandar, 230

Hayes, Rutherford B., 471

Henrich, Joe, 312, 434

Herbawi, Ahmed, 406–9

Herbawi, Mohammed, 405, 406–9,
408

Hidayat, Andi, 148

Hindus, 69, 379–80, 412, 441, 472

Balinese, 136–37

“historical determinism,” 469

Hitchens, Christopher, 410–11, 412, 415–16, 420–21

Hitler, Adolf, 336

Hizbollah, 176, 268, 370, 394, 497n 15, 533n 6

Hobbes, Thomas, 75, 318, 443

Holbrooke, Richard, 259

Hoodbhoy, Pervez, 236, 506n 11

Hose, Charles, 5, 6

Hruschka, Daniel, 312

Hryniewiechi, Ignacy, 93

Hugo, Victor, 470

humans/humanity, xii, xiv, 35, 61–66, 437.
See also
civilization

bravery, 293, 298–300, 314

the Cause and, 32–33

“cooperate to compete,” 39, 65, 298, 319, 456, 487

cooperation among, 293, 303, 310–12, 430–31, 457

“essentialism,” 306–9, 310

folk biology, 306–7

folk psychology, 313–14, 437

friendship, 309–12, 313, 334, 335

Good Prince Harry sentiment, 316–17

group behavior, 308–9

group love, 295–98, 301, 316–17, 334, 450

“imagined kin,” 13, 39, 300–305, 309, 310, 313

kinship and kinship theories, 300–305

Machiavellian game and, 314–16

mutation and recursion, 63

as own worst predator, 8, 307

parochial altruism, 298–300, 301, 343–44

personal identity and behavior, 35

rational vs. devoted actors, 393–96

religion and, 37–40, 69–70, 430, 444, 470–71

response to sexual stimuli and, 304–5

rights of, 39–40, 423–25, 460, 474, 475

scientific perspective on origins, 422

small group dynamics and, 33–35

socializing, 32–33, 62–63, 64, 313–14

as storytelling animal, 434–37

terrorism, antiquity of, 91–92

“theory of mind,” 63, 437

tweaking evolutionary proclivities, 304–5, 440

“us against them,” 295, 305–9

war and, 318–24

what it means to be human, 32–40

Humanity
(Glover), 9

Hume, David, 428, 434

Hunt, Lynn, 424

Hussain, Anwar, 232

Iatmul of New Guinea, 324

Ibn Abi Usay’bi, 79–80

Ibn Battuta, 494n 5

Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad, 84

Ibn Ishaq, Hunyan, 79

Ibn Khaldûn, 59, 61, 128, 451

Ibn Sa’ud, Mohammad, 84

Ibn Taymiyah, Taqi Ad-Din Ahmad, 59, 77, 83

Ibrahim, Amir, 165

Idris,
134,
148

Ignatius, David, 168

Ikhwan, 13

Illiev, Rumen, 380

Imagined Communities
(Anderson), 39

“imagined community,” 9, 39

“imagined kin,” 13, 39, 300–305, 309, 310, 313, 430–31

India

jihad against mandated, 229

Kashmir conflict and, 379–80

LeT attack on parliament, 232, 234

Mumbai attacks, 232, 234–35

Pakistan conflict, 227–28, 249–50

peace process and Pakistan, 230–31

Indonesia,
6. See also
Afghan Alumni

Atrium Mall bombing (2001), 156

Australian embassy bombing (2004), 149–50, 152

Bali bombings and, 135–54

bombing training camp in Java, 150

Christmas Eve bombings (2000), 143, 145–46

culture of, 6–7

first parliamentary elections, 499n 4

as frontier zone, 7

history, Sukarno and Suharto, and rise of Darul Islam, 139

Islamic Union (Persatuan Islam), 121

Jakarta hotel bombings, 135, 151, 164, 165–66

Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) in, 3, 11–13, 14, 18, 56, 115, 119–28

jihadis in, 176

Philippines ambassador’s residence bombing, 4, 123, 126, 145

religious healers in, 165, 166

Santa Ana bombings (2001), 157

schools, 502n 14

Sulawesi region, 3–23

support for violence in, 379

U.S. aid after tsunami, 232–33

In Search of Identity
(Sadat), 346

International Crisis Group, 166

Internet

“Al Ansar” chat room, 273

Al Qaeda as viral movement, 98

counterterrorism strategy for, 277

Global Islamic Media Front, 195, 196

global political cultures, 114, 476–77

jihadi martyrs and, 268

jihadi Web sites alternatives, 290–91

radical and militant Web sites, 275, 276, 474

radical imams’ use of, 277

Samudra Web site, 137

social networks for terrorists and, 275–76, 289–90, 478

terrorist recruitment and, 273

Umar Abdulmutallab’s Facebook page, 275, 477–78

White Pride Movement, 474

youth culture and, 471–72, 478

Inventing Human Rights
(Hunt), 424

Iqbal, Zafar, 148, 149, 234

Iran

Internet experiment on nuclear program, 380–81

revolution of 1979, 497n 15

state-supported terrorism and, 268

U.S. foreign policy and, 381

Iran-Iraq War, 497n 15

Iraq, 84–88

Al Jazeera news reports, 53–54

Al Qaeda in, 50

foreign Muslim fighters in, 48, 49, 56, 114–15, 127, 211, 211, 216

geography, history, and social structure, 245–46, 260

government, democracy, and, 246

Sarah Palin on war in, 465

“Sinjar” group for jihad and martyrdom, 326

suicide bombers in, 326

third wave of jihad and, 114, 261

U.S. war, 272, 319, 495n 13, 495n 15

Ireland, 368, 386, 388

Islam (Muslims), 77–90

Ash’ari, 80, 83

Christendom and, 38, 78–79, 81–82

as compassionate and peaceful, 415

democracy as blasphemous, 100

as destructive religion, 412, 413

discrimination in Europe, 55

early spread of, 45–47, 79–82, 451, 493n 8

expulsion from Spain, 46

fard al-’ayn
(duty to repel infidels), 103–4

fatwa
(religious decree), 83, 103

fiqh
(human law), 128–29

on
fitrah
(nature), 14–15

five pillars of, 111

globalization and, 472

governance and, 81

history of tolerance, 79

ijtihad
(de novo interpretation of law), 80

Imams, 83

ishtihad
(martyrdom), 83

jahiliyah
(contamination), 83

jihad and, 426
(see also
jihad)

jima
(community), 99

kuffar/kafir
(infidels), 19–20, 83, 100

Mongols and, 82–83, 84

muezzin call to prayer, 53

Muslim as social category, 309

Mu’tazili, 80, 83

nationalism and, 86–88

origins, 13, 78–79

paradise, promises of, 442

People of the Book and, 351

revivalism, 88–90, 429, 472, 476, 484

ritual and rise of civilization, 451–52

Salafi Islam, 83, 90, 99–100, 119, 141–42, 181, 271, 472–73, 497n 15

science and, 79–81

sharia
(law), 81, 83, 84

Shi’a Islam, 83, 89, 497n 15

as simple faith, 57, 79

Sufism, 83, 89, 125, 141, 142

suicide bombing and, 341–44, 360, 412

Sunni Islam, 83, 102, 497n 15

survey on 9/11 attacks, 57–58

“switched-at-birth” interview question, 14, 360

Takfiri Islam, 36, 497n 15 (see
also
Takfiri Islam)

taklif
(free will), 80

taqlid
(following law), 80–81

ulema
(jurists), 103