Suppressed Inventions and Other Discoveries (12 page)

BOOK: Suppressed Inventions and Other Discoveries
12.42Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub

In 1979, under pressure from the Soviet Union and Zaire's neighboring countries, Mobutu announced OTRAG would "halt its rocket testing" program. It was clear, however, strong diplomatic, military, and economic ties between West Germany, the U.S. and Zaire continued.
49
'
57

COLD WAR PROPAGANDA VERSUS
THE HARD CORE FACTS

According to the latest United States Army (USA) report, the "outlandish claim" that the AIDS virus was developed as a biological weapon for the Pentagon was communist propaganda "disavowed in 1987 by then Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who apologized to President Ronald Reagan for the accusation."
58
However, more recently, the high ranking Soviet press official Boris Belitskiy, offered an alternative account regarding the origin of such "propaganda".
59
"Several U.S. Administration officials such as USIA [CIA] Director

Charles Wick, have accused the Soviet Union of having invented this theory for propaganda purposes. But actually it is not Soviet scientists at all who first came up with this theory," Belitskiy reported. "It was first reported in Western journals by Western scientists, such as Dr. John Seale, a specialist on venereal diseases at two big London hospitals.

"Just recently a Soviet journalist in Algeria, Aleksandr Zhukov, managed to interview a European physician at the Moustapha Hospital there, who made some relevant disclosures on the subject. In the early seventies, this physician, an immunologist, was working for the West German OTRAG Corporation in Zaire. His laboratory had been given the assignment to cultivate viruses ordinarily affecting animals but constituting a potential danger to man. They were particularly interested in certain unknown viruses isolated from the African green monkey, and capable of such rapid replication that they could completely destabilize the immune system. These viruses, however, were quite harmless for human beings and the lab's assignment was to develop a mutant virus that would be a human killer."
7-11,13-22

"Did they succeed?" the announcer asked. "To a large extent, yes," Belitskiy replied. "The lab was ordered to wind up the project and turn the results over to certain U.S. researchers, who had been following this work with keen interest, to such an extent that some of the researchers believed they were in reality working not for the West German OTRAG Corporation but for the Pentagon."
59

Two years after Belitskiy's announcement, in 1991, Dr. Jacobo Segal, professor emeritus of Berlin's Humboldt University told the international press that the Pentagon theory of AIDS made sense. He alleged the virus was likely developed "through gene technology" as a result of Pentagon sponsored animal research, "to permit the attack on human immune cells." Furthermore, he reported this theory is "supported by many European scientists and has not been refuted."
60

In 1977, at the height of OTRAG's Zairian missile testing phase, Litton Industries units received contracts worth: $5 million for medical electronic equipment from its Hellige division, in Freiburg, West Germany;
61
$19.8 million worth of missile fire-control equipment from the Army;
62
$32.9 million for electronic reconnaissance sensor equipment from the Air Force;
63
and in 1978 $11.3 million worth of computerized communications systems for NATO.
64
Some of these military supplies may have been earmarked for OTRAG.
65

Moreover, given the "cooperation between NATO and the World Health OrganizatiOD with regard to the control and regulation of the international exchange of pharmaceutical products, [and] the possible necessity of facing

the dangers created by the use of chemical or bacteriological weapons"
66
it appears noteworthy that the outbreaks of the world's most feared and deadly viruses Marburg, Ebola, Reston, and AIDS—share the dubious distinction of breaking out in or around zones of U.S. and West German, NATOallied, military experimentation at the height of the cold war; increased political/military interest in Central Africa, and a burgeoning of WHO and NCI contracts for the supply of simians for "defensive" research.
44

AIDS, GAYS, BLACKS AND THE CIA

It is also noteworthy that in 1975, five years following the signing of the Geneva accord by Nixon, congressional records revealed that the USPHS through the Special (i.e., covert) Operations Division of the Army continued to supply biological weapons including deadly neurotoxins and viruses to the CIA which illegally stored them in their Fort Detrick facility for future unsanctioned uses.
67
Though records of who initiated and directed this covert activity were destroyed by the CIA, along with the famous Watergate tapes,
68
Mr. Nathan Gordon, Former Chief of the CIA's Chemistry Branch, Technical Services Division confessed knowledge that some of the stored substances were to be used to "study immunization methods for diseases vis-a-vis—who knows, cancer."
69
Furthermore, following Nixon's resignation, President Ford and Henry Kissinger were made aware that the CIA maintained a residual supply of biological weapons, but neither ordered their destruction according to testimony provided by Former CIA Director Richard Helms.
70

In subsequent congressional hearings before the Senate Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research, it was revealed that George W Merck, "of the prominent Merck pharmaceutical firm," directed America's biological weapons manufacturing industry for decades following World War II.
71
Merck & Company, Inc. was also listed among the DOD biological weapons contractors.
72
Merck, Sharp and Dohme provided major financial support for the earliest hepatitis B vaccination studies conducted simultaneously in Central Africa and New York City during the early 1970s. Several authorities have argued these vaccine trials might best explain the unique and varying epidemiological patterns of HIV/AIDS transmission between the U.S. and Africa. "The vaccine was prepared in the laboratories of the Department of Virus and Cell Biology Research, Merck Insti-tute for Therapeutic Research, West Point, Pennsylvania. The placebo, [was] also prepared in the Merck Laboratories."
72

During the holocaust, Nazi scientists assayed non-Arian blood to determine race specific disease susceptibilities. Blacks and homosexuals, along with Jews, were persecuted by the Nazis. Over 10,000 gay men were murdered.
3

Similarly, U.S. intelligence agencies have been targeting blacks and gays for assassinations, harassment, illegal wire taps, and counterintelligence campaigns from the McCarthy era in the 1950s through the Reagan era in the 1980s. American black and gay civil rights groups and their leaders were considered communist threats during the cold war years— particularly during the late 1960s and early 1970s when Nixon, Kissinger, and Hoover supported COINTELPRO funding for covert FBI and CIA activities aimed at neutralizing all such domestic and foreign black and homosexual threats.
74-78

The use of Third World people and American blacks and prisoners for unconscionable pharmaceutical experimentation and covert economic, social, and environmental exploitation by the U.S. and other western countries has been repeatedly alleged by reputable sources.
79

About the author: Leonard G. Horowitz, D.M.D., M.A., M.RH. is a Harvard graduate and internationally known public health authority. One of healthcare's most captivating motivational education speakers,

Dr. Horowitz is a prolific author with ten books and more than eighty published articles to his credit. This article is based on Dr. Horowitz's new and most controversial book Emerging Viruses: AIDS and Ebola—Nature, Accident or Genocide? (Tetrahedron, Inc., 1996; 592 pp.; Available through Adventures Unlimited Press, P.O. Box 74, Kempton, IL. 60946; $29.95). Please direct lecture requests to Dr. Horowitz, care of Tetrahedron, Inc., a nonprofit educational corporation, P.O. Box 402, Rockport, MA 01966; (800) 336-9266; Fax: (508) 546-9226; e-mail: [email protected].

For more information about his research link to URL http:// www.tetrahedron.org.

REFERENCES

1. World Health Organization Report. Five years of research on virus diseases. WHO diseases in 1970: Chronicle 1969;23;12:564-572; Communicable Some aspects of the WHO programme. WHO

Chronicle 1971;25;6:249-255; see also: Mathews AG. Who's influence on the control of biologicals. WHO Chronicle 1968;23;1:3-15. 2. World Health Organization Report. Recent work on virus diseases. WHO Chronicle 1974 28:410-413.

3. Shilts R. And the Band Played On: Politics, People and the AIDS Epidemic. New York: Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 450-453.

4. Department of Defense Appropriations for 1970. Hearings Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Representatives, Ninety-First Congress, Appropriations House of Part 5 Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation, Dept. of the Army. Tuesday, July 1, 1969, p. 79. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969, p. 79 of the public record and page 129 of the classified supplemental record obtained through the Freedom of Information Act.

5. Washington Correspondent. Gas and germ warfare renounced but lingers on. Nature 1970; 228;273:707-8.

6. Herrera F, Adamson RH and Gallo RC. Uptake of transfer ribonucleic acid by normal and leukemic cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1970;67;4:1943-1950.

7. Gallo RC, Perry S and Breitman RT The enzymatic mechanisms for deoxythymidine synthesis in human leukocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1967;242;21:5059-5068.

8. Gallo RC and Perry S. Enzymatic abnormality in human leukemia. Nature 1968;218:465-466.

9. Gallo RC and Breitman TR. The enzymatic mechanisms for deoxythymidine synthesis in human leukocytes: Inhibition of deoxythymidine phosphorylase by purines. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1968;243;19:4943-4951.

10. Gallo RC, Yang SS and Ting RC. RNA dependent DNA Polymerase of human acute leukaemic cells. Nature 1970;227:1134-1136. 11. Gallo RC and Longmore JL. Asparaginyl-tRNA and resistance of murine leukaemias to L-asparaginase. Nature 1970;227:1134-1136. 12. Washington Correspondent. Biological warfare: Relief of Fort Detrick. Nature Nov. 28, 1970;228:803.

13. Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Allen PT, Newton WA, Priori ES, Bowen JM and Dmochoowski L. Reverse transcriptase in type C virus particles of human origin. Nature New Biology 1971;232:140-142.

14. Fujioka S and Gallo RC. Aminoacyl transfer RNA profiles in human myeloma cells. Blood 1971;38;2:246-252.

15. Gallaher RE, Ting RC and Gallo RC. A common change aspartyltRNA in polyoma and SV transformed cells. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1972;272:568-582.

16. Smith RG and Gallo RC. DNA dependent DNA polymerases I and II from normal human-blood lymphocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1972;69; 10:2879-2884.

17. Bobrow SN, Smith RG, Reitz MS and Gallo RC. Stimulated normal human lymphocytes contain a merase distinct from viral ribonuclease-sensitive DNA polyRNA directed DNA polymerase.

Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 1972;69; 11:3228-3232.

18. Robert MS, Smith RG, Gallo RC, Sarin PS and Abrell JW. Viral and cellular DNA polymerase: Comparison of activities with synthetic and natural RNA templates. Science 1972;69; 12:3820-3824.

19. Gallo RC, Abrell JW, Robert MS, Yang SS and Smith RG. Reverse transcriptase from Mason-Pfizer monkey tumor virus, avian myeloblastosis virus, and Rauscher leukemia virus and its response to rifamycin derivatives. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1972;48;4:1185-1189.

20. Wu AM, Ting RC, Paran M and Gallo RC. Cordycepin inhibits induction of murine leukovirus production Proceedings of the National Academy by 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine.

of Sciences 1972;69;12: 3820-3824.

21. Gillespie D, Gillespie S, Gallo RC, East J and Dmochowski L. Genetic origin of RD114 and other RNA tumor viruses assayed by molecular hybridization. Nature New Biology 1973;224:52-54.

22. Wu AM, Ting RC, and Gallo RC. RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase and virus-induced leukemia in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1973 ;70;5:1298-1302. .

23. NCI staff. The Special Virus Cancer Program: Progress Report #8 [and #9]. Office of the Associate Scientific Director for Viral Oncology (OASDVO). J.B. Moloney, Ed., Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971 [and 1972]. (The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Government Documents Department Depository, Reference # HE20.3152: v81.) pp. 15-19,20-26,187-188; 273-289; [and in 1972 Progress Report #9, pp. 195-196, 326].

24. Fine DL and Arthur LO. Prevalence of natural immunity to Type-D and Type-C Retroviruses in primates. In: Viruses in Naturally Occurring Cancers: Book B. Myron Essex, George Todaro and Harold zun Hausen, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1980, Vol. 7, pp. 793-813; see also Gallo RC, Wong-Staal F, Marhkam PD, Ruscetti R, Kalyanamaraman VS, Ceccherini-Nelli L, Favera RD, Josephs S, Miller NR and Reitz, Jr. MS. Recent studies with infectious primate retroviruses: Hybridization to primate DNA and some biological effects on fresh human blood leukocytes by simian sarcoma virus and Gibbon ape leukemia virus. Ibid., 793-813.

25. Simmons ML. Biohazards and Zoonotic Problems of Primate Procurement, Quarantine and
Research Safety Symposium.
Research: Proceedings of a Cancer March 19, 1975, Conducted at the

Other books

The Master of Misrule by Laura Powell
Promise by Dani Wyatt
The Chatham School Affair by Cook, Thomas H.
Do You Know the Monkey Man? by Dori Hillestad Butler
Far from Xanadu by Julie Anne Peters
Beyond The Limit by Lindsay McKenna
Free Falling by Susan Kiernan-Lewis
A Deal With the Devil by Abby Matisse