Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (92 page)

10
. Dalton Conley,
Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999), 25; Robert S. Ellyn, “Angela Davis’ Views,”
Los Angeles Times
, March 10, 1990;
Sunday Times
, December 6, 1992.

11
. “Poverty and Norplant: Can Contraception Reduce the Underclass?”
Philadelphia Inquirer
, December 12, 1990; Roberts,
Killing the Black Body
, 17–18, 106–110, 116, 122, 244–245; Washington,
Medical Apartheid
, 206–212; Angela Davis, “Black Women and the Academy,”
Callaloo
17, no. 2 (1994): 425–426.

12
. Patricia Hill Collins,
Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment
(Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1990); Michele Wallace, “When Black Feminism Faces the Music, and the Music Is Rap,”
New York Times
, July 29, 1990.

13
. Guerrero,
Framing Blackness
, 157–167.

14
. Hutchinson,
Betrayed
, 192–198.

15
. Jeffrey Toobin, “The Burden of Clarence Thomas,”
New Yorker
, September 27, 1993; Nancy Langston, “Clarence Thomas: A Method in His Message?”
Holy Cross Journal of Law and Public Policy
1 (1996): 10–11; Clarence Thomas,
My Grandfather’s Son: A Memoir
(New York: Harper, 2007).

16
. Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 216–217; Earl Ofari Hutchinson,
The Assassination of the Black Male Image
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996), 63–70; Duchess Harris,
Black Feminist Politics from Kennedy to Clinton
, Contemporary Black History (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 90–98; White,
Too Heavy a Load
, 15–16.

17
. Adams and Sanders,
Alienable Rights
, 314; Brown et al.,
Whitewashing Race
, 184–185; Lawrence M. Mead,
The New Politics of Poverty: The Nonworking Poor in America
(New York: Basic Books, 1992), 142.

18
. Washington,
Medical Apartheid
, 330–332, 337–346.

19
. Joy James, “Introduction,” in
The Angela Y. Davis Reader
, ed. Joy James (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1998), 9–10.

20
. Alexander,
The New Jim Crow
, 55; Adams and Sanders,
Alienable Rights
, 316–317.

21
. Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 223; “‘Cosby’ Finale: Not All Drama Was in the Streets,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 2, 1992,
http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-02/entertainment/ca-1105_1_cosby-show
.

22
. Andrew Hacker,
Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal
(New York: Scribner’s, 1992); Hutchinson,
Assassination
, 55–60; Guerrero,
Framing Blackness
, 197–208; Derrick Bell,
Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism
(New York: Basic Books, 1992); Cornel West,
Race Matters
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1993).

23
. “Was It a ‘Riot,’ a ‘Disturbance,’ or a ‘Rebellion’?,”
Los Angeles Times
, April 29, 2007; Aldore Collier, “Maxine Waters: Telling It Like It Is in LA,”
Ebony
, October 1992; “Excerpts from Bush’s Speech on the Los Angeles Riots: ‘Need to Restore Order,’”
New York Times
, May 2, 1992; David M. Newman and Elizabeth Grauerholz,
Sociology of Families
, 2nd ed. (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 2002), 18; “Clinton: Parties Fail to Attack Race Divisions,”
Los Angeles Times
, May 3, 1992; Washington,
Medical Apartheid
, 271–277.

24
. “Sister Souljah’s Call to Arms,”
Washington Post
, May 13, 1992.

25
. Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 217.

26
. Ibid., 226–227; Charles Murray, “The Coming White Underclass,”
Wall Street Journal
, October 29, 1993.

27
. Tupac Shakur, “Keep Ya Head Up,” 1994,
www.songlyrics.com/tupac/keep-ya-head-up-lyrics/
.

28
. Angela Y. Davis, “Black Women and the Academy,” in
The Angela Y. Davis Reader
, ed. Joy James (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1998), 222–231.

29
. Alexander,
The New Jim Crow
, 55–59; Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 218–219; Bill Clinton, “1994 State of the Union Address,” January 25, 1994,
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/states/docs/sou94.htm
; Ben Schreckinger and Annie Karni, “Hillary’s Criminal Justice Plan: Reverse Bill’s Policies,”
Politico
, April 30, 2014,
www.politico.com/story/2015/04/hillary-clintons-criminal-justice-plan-reverse-bills-policies-117488.html
.

30
. Hutchinson,
Assassination;
The Notorious B.I.G., “Juicy,” 1994,
www.songlyrics.com/the-notorious-b-i-g/juicy-clean-lyrics/
.

CHAPTER 35: NEW REPUBLICANS

1
. Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles A. Murray,
The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
(New York: Free Press, 1994), xxv, 1–24, 311–312, 551; Roberts,
Killing the Black Body
, 270.

2
. “Republican Contract with America,” 1994, see
http://web.archive.org/web/19990427174200/
http://www.house.gov/house/Contract/CONTRACT.html
.

3
. Richard Lynn, “Is Man Breeding Himself Back to the Age of the Apes?,” in
The Bell Curve Debate: History, Documents, Opinions
, ed. Russell Jacoby and Naomi Glauberman (New York: Times Books, 1995), 356; Ulrich Neisser, Gwyneth Boodoo, Thomas J. Bouchard Jr., A. Wade Boykin, Nathan Brody, Stephen J. Ceci, Diane F. Halpern, John C. Loehlin, Robert Perloff, Robert J. Sternberg, and Susana Urbina, “Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns,”
American Psychologist
51 (1996): 77–101.

4
. Marina Budhos, “Angela Davis Appointed to Major Chair,”
Journal of Blacks in Higher Education
7 (1995): 44–45; Manning Marable, “Along the Color Line: In Defense of Angela Davis,”
Michigan Citizen
, April 22, 1995.

5
. Dinesh D’Souza,
The End of Racism: Principles for a Multiracial Society
(New York: Free Press, 1995), vii–viii, 22–24, 441.

6
. Hutchinson,
Assassination
, 152–161.

7
. “Professors of Hate: Academia’s Dirty Secret,”
Rolling Stone
, October 20, 1994; Jessie Daniels,
Cyber Racism: White Supremacy Online and the New Attack on Civil Rights
, Perspectives on a Multiracial America (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2009), 41–53, 61–63, 96, 159–167, 174–182.

8
. B. W. Burston, D. Jones, and P. Roberson-Saunders, “Drug Use and African Americans: Myth Versus Reality,”
Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education
40 (1995), 19–39; Alexander,
The New Jim Crow
, 122–125; John J. Dilulio Jr., “The Coming of the Super Predators,”
Weekly Standard
, November 27, 1995.

9
. Allen Hughes and Albert Hughes,
Menace II Society
, May 26, 1993.

10
. “Black Women Are Split over All-Male March on Washington,”
New York Times
, October 14, 1995.

11
. Mumia Abu-Jamal,
Live from Death Row
(New York: HarperCollins, 1996), 4–5.

12
. “August 12 ‘Day of Protest’ Continues Despite Mumia’s Stay of Execution,”
Sun Reporter
, August 10, 1995; Kathleen Cleaver, “Mobilizing for Mumia Abu-Jamal in Paris,” in
Liberation, Imagination, and the Black Panther Party: A New Look at the Panthers and Their Legacy
, ed. Kathleen Cleaver and George N. Katsiaficas (New York: Routledge, 2001), 51–68.

13
. Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 228–231.

14
. Michael O. Emerson and Christian Smith,
Divided by Faith: Evangelical Religion and the Problem of Race in America
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 63–133; Bill Clinton, “Remarks at the University of Texas at Austin, October 16, 1995,” in
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: William J. Clinton, 1995
, bk. 2 (Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration, 1996), 1600–1604.

15
. John Mica and Barbara Cubin, “Alligators and Wolves,” in
Welfare: A Documentary History of U.S. Policy and Politics
, ed. Gwendolyn Mink and Rickie Solinger (New York: New York University Press, 2003), 622.

16
. Randall Kennedy,
Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word
(New York: Pantheon, 2002), 41–43.

17
. Marable,
Race, Reform, and Rebellion
, 220–221; “Prop. 209 Backer Defends Use of King in Ad,”
Los Angeles Times
, October 24, 1996.

18
. Roger Ebert, “Set It Off,” November 8, 1996,
www.rogerebert.com/reviews/set-it-off-1996
.

19
. William J. Clinton, “Commencement Address at the University of California San Diego in La Jolla, California,” June 14, 1997, Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project,
www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=54268
.

20
. “At Million Woman March, Focus Is on Family,”
New York Times
, October 26, 1997.

21
. Jim Sleeper,
Liberal Racism
(New York: Viking, 1997); Brown et al.,
Whitewashing Race
, 5–17, 21, 153–160; Peter Collier and David Horowitz,
The Race Card: White Guilt, Black Resentment, and the Assault on Truth and Justice
(Rocklin, CA: Prima, 1997); Stephan Thernstrom and Abigail M. Thernstrom,
America in Black and White: One Nation, Indivisible
(New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999), 494, 500, 539.

CHAPTER 36: 99.9 PERCENT THE SAME

1
. Nathan Glazer,
We Are All Multiculturalists Now
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997).

2
. Angela Y. Davis,
Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude “Ma” Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1998); David Nicholson, “Feminism and the Blues,”
Washington Post
, February 12, 1998; Francis Davis, “Ladies Sing the Blues,”
New York Times
, March 8, 1998.