Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (95 page)

Obama’s reflections on,
482–483

Phillis Wheatley’s writings,
93–94

postracial attacks and antiracist counterattacks,
500

Quaker founders,
51–52

Reconstruction,
237

Samuel Stanhope Smith,
113–114

scientific texts on racism,
342–343
,
354–355

White men’s sexual privilege with Black women,
43–44

athleticism,
340–341

Atkinson, Edward,
236

The Autobiography of Malcolm X
,
389–390

Baartman, Sarah,
137–139

Bacon, Francis,
90–91

Bacon’s Rebellion (1676),
53–54

Bakke, Allan,
425–428

Baldwin, James,
348
,
382–383
,
389

Banneker, Benjamin,
120–123

Barbarians, Africans as,
28–29
,
69–70
,
94–95

Barbé-Marbois, François,
108

Barnum, P. T.,
171

baseball, professional,
356

Bauer, Gary,
439

Baxter, Richard,
48
,
60–61

Beal, Frances,
408–409
,
415

beasts, Africans as,
33
,
82–83
,
85–86
,
223–225
,
229
,
326
,
333–334
,
465

Beecher, Henry Ward,
251–252

Bell, Derrick,
444
,
450–451

Bell, Sean,
489

The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life
(Herrnstein and Murray),
456–461
,
493–494

Benedict, Ruth,
342

Berkeley, George,
53–54

Bernard, Michelle,
493

Bernier, François,
55
,
82

Berry, Halle,
461

Best, George,
31–32

Bethune, Mary McLeod,
338–339

Beyond the Melting Pot
(Moynihan and Glazer),
372–374
,
391
,
469

Biden, Joe,
489

Bilbo, Theodore,
411

Billingsley, Andrew,
403

biological inequality,
3
,
5
,
297–298
,
320–321
,
333
,
431–432
,
474–476
.
See also
scientific racism

biological racism.
See
scientific racism

biracial people

demand for voting rights,
226

Du Bois’s Talented Tenth,
318–319

“explaining” Blacks’ achievements,
310

first Black newspaper,
154–155

George Wythe’s family,
130

intelligence and talent of,
179

Jefferson’s affair with Sally Hemings,
117–118

life span,
180–181

Marcus Garvey’s UNIA,
309–310

minstrel shows,
170–171

social status,
114

Stowe’s biracial racism,
194–195

Birmingham protests,
374–375

The Birth of a Nation
(Griffith),
305–307
,
331
,
333–334
,
344

Black, Hillel,
407

Black Bourgeoisie
(Frazier),
366–367

Black Families in White America
(Billingsley),
403

Black Feminist Thought
(Collins),
446

Black Macho and the Myth of the Superwoman
(Wallace),
420

Black Panther Party for Self Defense,
397
,
401–403

Black perspectives,
406–407

Black Power movement,
395–406
,
411
,
416–417

Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America
(Carmichael and Hamilton),
400

Black Rage
(Grier and Cobbs),
403

Black Reconstruction in America
(Du Bois),
331–332

Black regiments,
224–225

Black Student Unions (BSUs),
398–399

Black Studies,
407
,
442–443

Black Youth Conference,
398–399

#BlackLivesMatter,
502–503

Blair, Francis P., Jr.,
244–245

Blaxploitation films,
413–414

Blues Legacies and Black Feminism
(Davis),
470

blues music,
317
,
326–328

The Bluest Eye
(Morrison),
415

Boas, Franz,
295–296
,
302–303
,
324
,
333
,
342
,
353

Bonaparte, Napoleon,
131–132

Booth, John Wilkes,
234

Bork, Robert,
428–429

Bowers, Claude G.,
330–332

boxing,
297–299

Boyle, Robert,
44–46
,
49
,
60

Bradley, Joseph,
264–265

Brandeis University,
381–383

Brigham, Carl C.,
312

Britain,
29–30
,
32–40
,
44–49
,
55
,
58–59
,
70
,
81–82
,
98–99
,
104
,
336–337

Brown, John,
207–208
,
300–301

Brown, Michael,
130
,
502

Brown Power movement,
408

Brown v. Board of Education
,
361–363
,
365
,
480

Brownmiller, Susan,
432–433

Buchanan, James,
203

Buffalo Soldiers,
240

Buffon,
84–86
,
90–91
,
102
,
132–133

Burger, Warren E.,
416

Burghardt, Mary Silvina,
263–264

Burroughs, Edgar Rice,
299–300

Burroughs, Nannie H.,
304–305

Bush, George H. W.,
441–442
,
447–448

Bush, George W.,
476–478
,
481
,
484–488

Bush, Jeb,
476–477

Caldwell, Elias B.,
145

Calhoun, John C.,
9
,
178
,
181–182
,
186–187
,
189

California, admission to the Union,
188

Callender, James,
129–131

Cameron, Andrew Carr,
242–243

capital punishment,
417
,
442
,
463

Carmichael, Stokely,
395–398
,
400

Carnegie, Andrew,
253

Carnegie Foundation,
349–350

Carter, Jimmy,
424–425
,
432

Cartwright, Samuel A.,
185

Census, US,
180–184

Chappelle, Dave,
478

Chase, Calvin,
278

Chase, Salmon,
220–221

A Christian Directory
(Baxter),
48

Christianity

Aristotelian justification for slavery,
17

Bacon’s Rebellion,
53–54

Bernier’s racial classifications,
56

Biblical roots of enslavement theory,
21

Boyle’s conversion of enslaved Africans,
46

Christianization of slaves,
43–44
,
65
,
68–69
,
73

comparative anatomy,
133–134

creating a national identity,
153–156

denying Blacks self-determination,
87–89

enslavement of biracial children,
40

equal rights resolutions,
192

European slave trade,
24

Las Casas’s regrets over enslaving Africans,
27

Mather’s passion for social hierarchies,
63–64