Slave Next Door (63 page)

Filipino workers: labor trafficking 213

earnings.
See
wages

Finckenauer, Jim 201, 210

economics of slavery 6, 13, 194;

firearms: agricultural slavery 52, 57

goods/commodities 139, 146–48,

fireworks industry 141

157–58; house slaves 30, 33;

First Amendment 111

legislation 151–52

First Baptist Church 167, 169, 170

ECPAT 97, 270

First Kuwaiti General Trade and

education: citizen action 260–62

Contracting Co. 211–15

emancipation: legislation 8

fishing industry 138–39, 144

Emancipation Network (TEN) 259

Fletcher, Elaine 165–67

Emancipation Proclamation (1863) 151

Flores, Miguel 54–58, 71, 256

embassy construction: Baghdad

Florida 43–44, 178–79; agricultural

211–15

slavery 44–49, 51, 54, 56, 59–60, 63,

Engel, Eliot 153, 158

153; Gulf Coast University 181;

England: consumer action 155

survivor assistance 259–60; Tomato

Enung’s story 35

Committee 48

environmental destruction 143–46

folk devils: “johns” as 86

“equal opportunity” slavery 5–6

folk icons: pimps as 87–88

equipment donations 258

food: house slaves 24; Las Vegas acrobats

escaping slavery: deterrents 22–24;

119

farmworkers 75; visa problems 35–36

Forbes, Brian 81–83

Esperanza Center for Human Trafficking

force, fraud and coercion: trafficking law

Research, Policy and Community

82–83, 90, 96, 99, 112, 130

Initiatives 181

forced labor: agriculture 12, 49–50, 61;

Etongwe, Louis 41–42

anti-human trafficking perspective

eucalyptus trees 145

110; children 238; government con-

European au pairs 36–37

tracts 262; Hawaii 195; Hurricane

Evans, Justin 89–90

Katrina aftermath 215; Iraq 212;

Evans, Ronald 59–60, 65

Oklahoma 176–78; peonage 9.

“evil” 26–31

See also
labor trafficking

forced prostitution 174–76; definition

FAIR Fund 105

controversy 107; media coverage 208;

Fair Trade goods 155

minors 195–96, 209, 231; New Jersey

faith communities 176–78, 179

195–96; official estimates 249–50;

families of slaves: Chinese acrobats 119;

Tennessee 181; victim treatment 192.

deaf Mexicans case 122; violent

See also
prostitution

threats 52

foreign-born victims 102–5, 185, 223,

farmworkers 44–77; goods/commodities

224, 231, 242

147–48; labor laws 263; slavery

forest destruction 144–46

indicators 255.
See also
agriculture

Frank, Kent 93–94

Farrell, Amy 186–87, 189–90, 199, 200,

fraud.
See
force, fraud and coercion

207–8, 210

freedom: concept of 253

fast-food corporations 47–48, 50, 53,

Freedom Network 110, 183–85, 254;

62–65, 148

legal definitions 199; training pro-

FBI.
See
Federal Bureau of Investigation

grams 265–66; victim support 198

fear 22–23, 254–55

freedom of speech 111

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freed slaves: assistance 258–60; long-

Guatemala: farmwork 54; prostitution

term impact of slavery 39–40;

79–80

Thirteenth Amendment 251

Guest Worker Program 12, 68–77, 263

Free the Slaves 269; Dublar Char action

Gulf Coast Slaves
(Lovato) 216, 218

139; Krongard report response 214

funding: anti-human trafficking program

H-2 program.
See
Guest Worker Program

111; foreign-born v. domestic victims

Hahamovitch, Cindy 48

102–4; government action 266; non-

hair braiding 117–18

government organizations 99–100,

Hale, James 216

105–6, 219–24, 226; per capita system

Halliburton/KBR 212, 216–17

264–65; priorities 241; victim support

Harkin, Tom 153, 158

227–28, 229

Harris, Brooks 181

hate crimes 245

G-5 visas 33, 36–37

Hawaii: forced labor 195

Gabriel, Julia 55–56, 58, 64

health care professionals: assisting sur-

GAO.
See
Government Accountability

vivors 259; victim rescue 255–56

Office

health and safety violations 213–14

Gap (clothing retailer) 141–42

hearing impairments.
See
deaf Mexicans

Garcia-Botello family 65–66

case

Garza, Vanessa 220–21, 222–25

heroin addiction 81, 82

GEMS.
See
Girls Educational and

HHS.
See
Department of Health and

Mentoring Service

Human Services

Genco, James 81–82

Hillsborough County Sheriff’s Office 179

geographic isolation: house slaves 23–24

HIV/AIDS: sex slavery 87, 89–90

Georgia: sex trafficking 196

holistic framework: CAST 116

Germino, Laura 51, 54–56, 59, 61,

Honduras: labor trafficking 196

75–76, 218

Honey, Martha 37

Ghana: goods/commodities 139–40,

Horowitz, Michael 86

153–54

Horton, CarlLa 101

Girls Educational and Mentoring Service

hospitals: victim rescue 255–56

(GEMS) 85, 100

hostile witnesses: sex tourism cases 94

glamorization of pimps 87–88

“hot goods” seizure law 263

global economy: slave-made goods/

hours of work: GAO investigations 73;

commodities 146–48, 157–58

Guest Worker Program 69–70; tomato

Global Rights 222

pickers 45–47

gold mining 139–40, 144

House Committee on Oversight and

Gomez, Sebastian 54–55, 57

Government Reform 213

“good” and “evil” 30–31

house slaves 3–5, 18–42, 196–97, 233;

goods: slave-made 137–59, 263–64;

labor laws 263; spotting victims 255,

survivor-made 259

257

Good Samaritans 41–42, 165–76, 233

housing: farmworkers 45, 63, 70; sex

Gordon, Nathaniel 150

trafficking victims 100–101, 103

“gorilla” pimps 84–86

Houston 182, 189

government: contracts 262; hotline 258;

human rights: agricultural slavery 50–51,

performance 261, 262–67; responsi-

64–65

bility 157–58.
See also
federal

human smuggling 189, 195.
See also

government

trafficking

Government Accountability Office (GAO)

Human Trafficking Information and

73, 239

Referral Hotline 41

grant funding of non-governmental

Human Trafficking Rescue Alliance

organizations 221, 226

(Harris County, Texas) 189

Griffin Land and Nurseries case 67–68

Human Trafficking Resource Center

Grimes, Keith 125–27, 167, 168–69,

Hotline 258

170–72

human trafficking.
See
trafficking

grocery companies 155

Human Trafficking and Smuggling

Grover, Stephen 64

Center (HTSC) 236

growing corporations: agriculture 47–48,

Hurricane Katrina: aftermath 215–18;

53

Thai slaves 72

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IACP (International Association of Chiefs

Jews 10

of Police) 180

job brokers 217

ICE.
See
Immigration and Customs

johns (prostitutes’ clients) 83, 85–87

Enforcement

“john school” 86–87

ICI.
See
International Cocoa Initiative

Johnson, Jack 108

identity papers: domestic trafficking

Jones, Jimmie Lee (“Mike Spade”) 196

victims 103

Jordan, Ann 101, 110–11, 115–16, 222

Ilene W.’s story 82

juveniles: forced prostitution 195–96,

illegal immigration 32, 117

209, 231

Illinois: asset forfeiture 200

IMF.
See
International Monetary Fund

Kachepa, Given 126–27, 170, 172–73

immigrant slaves: agricultural labor 66,

Kalingalinga, Zambia 125–27, 170

76; domestic labor 22; illegal status 32,

Kansas: mentally ill slaves 127–31

117; prostitution 10–11, 78–80, 97.

Kanzayire, Abiba 134

See also
migrant labor; trafficking

Katrina aftermath 72, 215–18

Immigration Act 1907 11

Kaufman, Arlan and Linda 127–31

Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Ketchum Public Relations 222–23

(ICE) 80, 93–95, 98, 235–36; Ashley’s

killings: agricultural slavery 55–57

Salon case 117; “Bongo Man” case

Kim, Kathleen 67

133; funding 266

kindness: slaveholders 30–31

Immigration and Naturalization Service

Kline, Andrew J. 81, 83

(INS) 171

Krongard, Howard J. 214–15

immigration policies: house slaves 18, 22

Immokalee, Florida 44–47, 52, 54, 56,

LaBelle, Florida 56

60, 63

labor abuses: agriculture 61–62;

immunity.
See
diplomatic immunity

Hurricane Katrina aftermath 215–18

Imperial Nurseries case 67–68

labor costs: mining 139; multinational

India: child trafficking 238; goods/com-

corporations 48

modities 141–42, 156; work visas 22

labor laws: farmworkers 47, 263; house

Indian welders 176–78

slaves 22, 263; violations 213

Indonesia: fishing industry 139

labor trafficking: Ashley’s Salon case 118;

informants: child trafficking 133–34

Chinese acrobats 120; choir groups

Innocence Lost 89, 96

125–27, 167–70; clothing factories

innovators 135–36

131; Filipino workers 213; Hurricane

INS (Immigration and Naturalization

Katrina aftermath 215; Iraq 212–15;

Service) 171

media coverage 208–9; penalties 202;

interest groups: joining 261

police investigation 187–88; sex traf-

International Association of Chiefs of

ficking contrast 98–99, 108, 111, 113.

Police (IACP) 180

See also
agriculture; forced labor;

International Cocoa Initiative (ICI)

house slaves

153–54

Lagon, Mark 104, 113–14, 238,

International Monetary Fund (IMF) 33,

239–43

38

Lakshmi’s story 21–22, 31

International Organization for

Landrieu, Mary 217–18

Adolescents (IOFA) 97

landscaping crews 256–57

Internet: awareness campaigns 261; child

language barrier: deaf Mexicans case

pornography 91–92

122–24; house slaves 20, 23–24

investigation: human trafficking 185–88

language skills: assisting survivors 258

IOFA (International Organization for

Lasowski, Anne Marie 73–74

Adolescents) 97

Las Vegas: circus performers 118–20

Iraq: labor abuses 212–15

Latin Americans: farmworkers 69.

iron 137, 145–46

See also
Mexicans

isolation of victims 254–55

law enforcement: agencies 178–81,

Ivory Coast: chocolate industry 152–54

185–90, 241; agricultural slavery

74–75; sex trafficking 96

J-1 visas 36, 262

Law Enforcement Agency Endorsement

Jaimes, Marcelino Guillen 180

(LEA) 204–5

Jen D.’s story 82–83

laws.
See
legislation

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lawsuits: Break the Chain Campaign 37.

McKenzie, Shamere 84–85

See also
civil litigation

Mead, Margaret 191

lawyers: survivor assistance 259

media campaigns 261

leadership: anti-trafficking task forces

medical attention: Guest Worker

189–90

Program 70; tomato pickers 46–47;

Lee, Kil Soo 131–32

victim rescue 255–56

Lee, Lois 86, 99–100, 101

medical homicide 213

Legal Aid 72

Medicare claims: Kaufman case 128,

legalization of prostitution 109

130–31

legal slavery: Thirteenth Amendment 151

Medige, Patricia 75

legislation 8–9; anti-trafficking 198–203,

MeetUp.com 260

209–10; au pair system 36; civil litiga-

Melissa P.’s story 82–83

tion 67; criminal prosecutions 68;

mental health care 259

farmworkers 47, 58, 73–75, 263;

mentally ill slaves 127–31

forced prostitution 11; goods/com-

mercury poisoning 140, 144

modities 157, 159, 263; house slaves

Mestes, Nyssa 226, 228

22, 263; profit from slavery 151–52,

Mexicans 3–5, 11, 14; deaf Mexicans

264; prostitution-trafficking equation

case 120–25; farmworkers 49, 54, 66;

110; sex slavery 81–84, 90, 92–93, 96,

sex tourism 95

99, 102, 113; slave classification 16;

Michigan: house slaves 197

slave trade 150; trafficking criteria 90,

Middle Tennessee State University 181

99, 112, 130

Migrant and Seasonal Agricultural

Leidholdt, Dorchen 96, 101, 109, 113,

Worker Protection Act (AWPA) 67

115

migrant labor: agriculture 44, 49, 51.

Lexington Center for the Deaf 123–24

See also
immigrant slaves

life sentences 92