Russia (71 page)

Tatary,
273

Tavasarans,
94

Tbilisi,
191
,
205
,
223
,
292
,
325

Tehran (1943),
262

Temriuk (Kabardinian prince),
93

Terek Cossacks,
203
,
243

Terek river,
93
,
94
,
191
,
203
,
257

Terka,
93
,
112

Teutonic Knights,
49

Theodora, Empress,
34

‘Third Rome’, myth of the,
1
,
85

Third World,
261
,
280

Thirteen Years War,
138

Tibet,
145
,
188
,
326

Tien Shan mountains,
222

Tiflis
see
Tbilisi

Tilsit,
190
,
254

Time of Troubles (era of confusion concluding Muscovite period),
108
-
27
,
129
,
144
,
323

Tiumen, no

Tiutchev EL,
215

Tobolsk, no

Tokhtamysh (Tatar leader),
60

Tomsk,
280

Toropets,
69

Torzhok,
72

Totleben, General Ye. I.,
210
towns/cities: additions,
44
; changing relative importance of,
51
—
3
; development of,
20
-
1
,
23
-
4
; expansion of,
44
,
110
; movement away from,
58
; as tribal headquarters and agricultural centres,
24

Trabzon,
263
trade/commerce,
11
,
12
—
13
,
93
,
178
; with Baghdad,
30
; with Byzantine Empire,
30
33
.
36
;
Caspian monopoly,
204
; Cold War agreements,
269
; early,
18
; effect of rail network on,
224
—
5
; with the English at Kholmogorii,
97
-
8
; England-Russia route,
173
-
4
; expansion into eastern Caucasus, in—
12
; in Great Perm region,
96
-
7
; helpful policies for,
109
,
110
; improvements in,
315
; Jewish,
181
; limited,
130
; oil,
297
,
307
,
324
,
325
; Orenburg project,
173
,
174
-
6
; and removal of Khazar control,
37
; resumption of,
108
; with Siberia,
110
133
; Viking-Russian collaboration,
22
,
23
,
24
-
5
,
27
-
8
; with the Vikings,
24
-
5
; worldwide,
128
;
see also
economy

Trafalgar, battle of (1805),
209

Trakhaniot brothers (migrants from

Byzantium; advisers to government),
75
,
82
-
3

Trakhaniot, lurii,
70
,
75
,
77

Trans-Siberian Railway,
222
,
223
-
5

Transbaikalia,
225
,
226

Transcaucasia,
219
,
244
,
273
,
314

transportation,
210
—
11
,
212
;
see also
railways

Transylvania,
276

Trauernich, Lieut.-Col.,
137

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1917),
238

Treaty of Edirne,
204

Treaty of Horodlo (1413),
66

Treaty of Jassy (1792),
180

Treaty of Rapallo (1922),
241

Trepov, A.F (premier),
236

tribes,
20
—
1
,
24
,
94
,
245
;
see also
named tribes

Trinity Monastery (Volga),
109

Trubetskoi, Prince Dmitrii,
124
,
125
,
126

Truman, President Harry,
266

Tsaritsyn,
22
,
110
;
see also
Stalingrad

Tsiolkovskii, Konstantin,
245
-
6

Tsitsianov, General Pavel,
191
-
2

Tsivilsk,
110

Tukhachevskii, Marshal Mikhail,
240
,
253
,
255
,
259

Tula,
122
,
138
,
152
,
194

Tungus,
134
,
176
,
209

Tupolev, Andrei,
279

Turkestan,
217

Turkey,
166
,
204
,
221
,
238
,
263
,
310

Turkics,
46
,
319

Turkish War, First (1768-
74
),
179

Turkmenistan, Turkmens,
174
,
216
,
310
,
325

Turks,
46
,
95
,
112
,
146
,
157
,
160
,
170
,

178,
193
,
204
,
235
,
319

Tushino,
122

Tver,
49
,
53
,
54
-
5
,
56
,
65
,
69
,
72
,
73
-
4

Tzimisces, Emperor John,
37
,
38

Udmurts,
245

Ufa,
96
,
110
,
145

Uglich,
111

Ugra river,
69

Ukraine,
1
,
80
,
129
,
142
,
297
,
324
; chaos in,
243
; Council of Officers,
184
; nationalism in,
244
; Diet of Nobility,
184
; discontent in,
138
-
9
; Peter I’s distrust of,
162
-
3
; early settlements in,
10
,
11
,
14
,
17
; ethnic minorities in,
245
; independence of,
298
; integrationist policies in,
219
; nationalism in,
292
; problems in,
143
-
4
; railway connections,
213
-
14
; Russification policy in,
184
—
5
; as Soviet Republic,
243
-
4
; tribes in,
20

Ukraine Office,
148

Ukrainians,
6
,
10
,
52
,
164
,
178
,
183
,
248
,
259

Ukraintsev, Emelian,
148

Ulbncht, Walter,
268

Ulug-Mehmet,
64

UNESCO,
265

Uniate Church,
113
,
274

Union of Lublin (1569),
103

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
see
Soviet Union

United Arab Republic (UAR),
270

United States of America,
265
,
280
; and
9
/11,
317
; and the Cold War,
266
; competition with Soviet Union,
278
; and containment of Russia,
321
; and expansion of NATO,
307
; expansion of power,
215
,
225
,
226
; on good terms with Soviet Union,
270
—
1
; as imperial power,
320
; and nuclear power,
269
,
277
; as superpower,
326
; support for Putin,
317
; and troops in Vladivostock,
244

Ural river,
159
,
173

Urals,
1
,
15
,
18
,
44
,
96
,
110
,
138
,
145
,
176
,
187
,
216
,
256

Urquhart, David,
205
-
6

Ustiug,
148

Uzbek Khan,
54

Uzbekistan, Uzbeks,
217
,
294
,
325

Vaga river,
48

Valona,
270

Vasilevskii, Marshal A.M.,
257

Vasilievskaia,
84

Vasilii I,
62
-
3

Vasilii II (Vasilii the Blind),
62
,
63
-
7
,
69

Vasilii III,
83
-
6
,
89

Vasilii IV (Vasilii Shuiskii),
89
,
114
,
119
,
121
-
3
,
124

Vasilii Kosoi,
63
,
64

Vatican,
315
;
see also
Catholic Church/Papacy/Popes

Vatutin, General, N.F.,
257
,
262

Venice,
70
,
71

Verkhoturia,
110

Vernadsky, George,
219

Viacheslav (son of laroslav),
41

Viatichi,
20

Viatka,
69

Viazma,
80

Viborg,
156

Vienna,
76

Vikings,
2
,
4
,
22
,
48
; and building of first Russian state,
27
-
8
; co-operation with Russians,
22
,
23
,
24
-
5
,
27
-
8
; contact with Constantinople,
26
; early settlements,
23
,
24
; intelligence system,
24
; intermarriages,
31
—
2
; as traders and plunderers,
23
,
24

Vilna,
142

Vinius, Andrew,
138

Vishnevetsky, Dmitry,
95

Viskovatii, Ivan Mikhailovich,
104

Vistula river,
178
,
262

Vitebsk,
144

Vitovt of Lithuania, Grand Duke,
63

Vitte, Sergei,
224
,
225
,
229
,
230
,
231

Vladimir, Grand Prince (grandson of Olga/Helen),
37
,
38
-
9
,
40

Vladimir Monomakh,
42
-
3
,
87

Vladimir (city),
5
,
44
,
46
,
48
,
49
,
51
,
53
,

Vladimir the sainted slave trader,
27

Vladimir-Moscow, Grand Principality of,
52
,
53
,
61
,
319
-
20
;
see also
Muscovy, Grand Principality of

Vladivostock,
225
,
244

Vlasov, Major-General A.,
259

Voguls (Mansi),
69
,
96
,
273

Volga Bulgars,
37

Volga Germans,
245
,
256
,
271

Volga region,
12
,
44
,
121
,
172
,
216
;

Russification policy in,
186
—
7

Volga river,
27
,
37
,
45
,
48
,
95
,
109
,
110
,
125
,
151
,
158
,
182

Volga-Oka region,
130

Volhynia,
44

Volkhov river,
24

Vologda,
124

Volpe, Gianbattista della,
75

Voltaire,
150

Volynskii, Artamon,
159

Voronezh,
110
,
152
,
257

Vorontsov, M.S.,
207
,
289

Voroshilov, Marshal K.,
257

Votiaks,
69
,
187
,
216

Vsevold III (‘Big Nest’),
45

Vsevold Rostislavich, Prince,
45

Vsevolod (son of laroslav),
40
,
41
,
42
,
43

Vsevolodovich, Prince Mikhail of Kiev,
46

Vyluzgin, Eleazar,
111

Vyshnevetski, Adam,
118

Wallachia,
192
,
276

Wallhausen, Johann von:
The Art of Infantry Warfare,
136
—
7

Warsaw,
196
,
213
-
14
,
284

Warsaw Treaty Organization (WTO),
276
,
288

Washington,
278
,
286
-
7
,
303
,
305
,
311
,
313

Waterloo, battle of (1815),
195

weather
see
climate

Wenden,
104

Wesenberg,
98

West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany),
278
,
290

Western Dvina river,
142

Western Powers,
264
,
279

White army (anti-Bolsheviks),
238
,
240
,
242
,
243
,
244
;
see also
army; Red Army

White Cowl, Legend of,
68
,
85

White Horde,
97