Russia (66 page)

Four Power Treaty,
292

Fradkov, Mikhail,
317

France,
6
,
16
,
165
-
7
,
168
,
170
,
188
,
215
,
218
,
231
,
253
,
261
,
263
,
264
,
320
; aftermath of Waterloo,
195
-
6
; concerns of,
189
; Napoleonic,
1
,
192
-
3
,
198
; navy of,
171

Francis I,
4
,
91

Frederick the Great,
178

Frederick III, Emperor,
75
,
77

Gagarin, Iurii,
270

Gagarin, Matvei (governor of Siberia),
160
-
1
Galich,
52
,
63
,
65

Galicia,
243

Gazprom,
306

Gdansk,
142
,
171
,
178

Geneva,
286

George Bell & Sons,
206

Georgia, Georgians,
70
,
76
,
93
, no,
112
-
13
,
180
,
181
,
191
,
205
,
219
,
286
,
292
,
297
,
317
,
325
; Kakhetia,
76
; Kartlo-Kakheti,
180

Georgian Democratic Republic,
244

Georgian Military Highway,
191

German Church,
36

German Sixth Army,
258

Germans,
181
,
182
,
187
,
220

Germany,
2
,
166
,
222
,
226
,
231
,
241
,
309
,
315
,
320
,
321
; Imperial,
214
; partition of,
262
—
3
; reunification of,
292
; war with,
233
-
6

Ghana,
270

Gladstone, W.E.,
221

Gleb (son of Vladimir),
39
,
43
,
112

Goa,
278

Godunov, Boris, Tsar,
109
; acceptance of crown,
114
-
15
; talents for foreign affairs and administrative matters,
111
; and canard that he ordered the murder of Tsar Dmitrii,
111
-
12
; orders Siberian expedition,
130
-
1
; unhappy reign,
115
-
19

Godunov, Dmitrii (councillor),
109

Godwinson, Harold,
40

Gogol, Nikolai,
219

Golden Horde,
64
,
66
,
69
,
76
,
79

Golitsyn, Mikhail,
176

Golitsyn, Vasilii,
120
,
123
,
146
,
147
,
148
,
151

Golovkin, Gavrilii,
150

Gomulka, Wladyslaw,
268

Goncharov, Ivan:
Oblomov,
212

Gorbachev, Mikhail,
282
,
284
-
5
,
286
-
9
,
288
—
9
,
321
; appointment as General Secretary of Communist Party,
284
—
5
; coup against,
296
—
7
; democratic leanings,
287
,
289
; economic decline under,
302
; foreign policy of,
286
-
7
; liberal intentions,
286
; positive achievements of,
299
; radical reforms of,
285
-
6
,
289
; resignation of,
298
; responsible for Soviet collapse,
282
; reversal of Brezhnev Doctrine,
288
-
9
; and the satellite countries,
290
-
6
; and separation of powers,
288

Gorchakov, A.M.,
214
,
217

Gordon, General Patrick,
137

Gorky, Maxim,
246

Gorskii, A.A.,
51

Government Departments: College of Foreign Affairs,
179
; College of Justice,
163
; Felony
(Razboinii prikaz),
109
; Foreign Affairs,
141
; Kazan,
134
; Ministry of Finance,
224
; Ministry for War,
221

Grand Principality
see
Vladimir-Moscow

Great Perm,
69
,
96

Great Schism,
64
,
86

Greece, Greeks,
85
,
176
,
263
; immigrants in the service of Ivan III,
74
-
5
,
82
; as part of British sphere,
263
;
see also
Byzantium

‘Greek fire’,
32

Greek Project of Catherine II,
179
-
82

Greenland,
176

Greig, Captain Samuel
(later
Admiral),

172

Group of Seven,
297

Gulag system,
251

Gulf of Bothnia,
154

Gulf of Finland,
108
,
172

Gulf of Liautong,
226

Gusinskii, Vladimir,
304
,
315

Habsburgs,
8
,
76
,
94
,
128
,
137
,
146
,
151
,
166
,
170

Halych
see
Galich

Hango, battle of,
156

Hansa,
80
,
81
,
98
,
142

Hanseatic League,
76

Harald Hadrada,
40

Havel, Vaclav,
283
,
292

Hellie, Richard,
129

Helmfeldt, Benjamin,
146

Henry VIII of England,
4
,
91

Herberstein, Sigismund von,
84
,
85

Hercegovina,
221

Herder, Gottfried von,
219

Herodotus,
17
,
18

Hitler, Adolf,
2
,
253
,
254
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
261

Hobbes, Thomas,
101

Holland,
157
,
171
,
215

Holmgarthr
see
Novgorod-Seversk

Holstein,
153

Holstein, Duke of,
156
,
157

Honecker, Erich,
290
-
1

Hordienko, Ataman,
163

Horsey, Jerome,
111

Hrushevsky, Mikhail,
243

Hungary, Hungarians,
6
,
70
,
72
,
76
,
208
,
255
,
263
-
6
,
268
,
276
,
283
,
290
,
294

laropkin, Mikhail,
75

Iaropolk of Kiev (brother of Vladimir),
38

Iaroslav of Sepukhov, Prince,
63

Iaroslav the Wise, Grand Prince,
27
,
39
,
40
-
3

Iaroslavl,
124
,
125

Iasi,
192

Ibn Khurdadhbih,
22

Ibn Rusta,
24

Iceland,
269

Icelandic sagas,
27

Igor, Prince (son of Oleg/Olga),
30
-
1
,
32

Igor (son of Iaroslav),
41

Ilarion, metropolitan of Kiev,
40

Ilminski, N.,
216

India,
51
,
160
,
188
,
189
,
205
,
208
,
216
,
222
,
269
,
278
,
314
,
315
,
317
,
326

Indian Ocean,
278

Ingria,
156

Ingush,
94
,
271

International Monetary Fund (IMF),
311
, Iran,
4
,
22
,
168
,
172
,
174
,
188
,
199
,
203
,
204
,
222
-
3
,
231
,
263
,
269
,
310
,
314
,
325

Iraq,
270
,
326

Irkeshtan Pass,
222

Irkutsk,
135

Irtysh river,
97

Isidor, Metropolitan of Moscow,
64

Islam,
93
-
4
,
113
,
178
,
179
,
199
,
203
,
216
,
217
,244,
307
,
309
,
313
,
317

Ismail,
188

Israel,
278

Istanbul,
93
;
see also
Byzantium; Constantinople

Istoma Maloi,
75

Italy, Italians,
190
,
255
,
261
,
264

Itelmens,
134

Itil,
37

Iurev-Polskii,
44

Iurii, Grand Duke,
54

Iurii, Prince of Vladimir,
45

Iurii (uncle of Vasilii II),
63

Ivan I (‘Money-Bag’, Grand Prince),
50
,
53
-
5
,
56
,
61

Ivan II, Grand Prince,
56

Ivan III (Ivan the Great),
66
,
243
,
320
; accession of,
68
; administration and diplomacy of,
70
,
74
-
8
; and apanage system,
69
,
70
,
79
-
80
; and the Church,
82
—
4
; marriage to Zoe,
70
—
1
; and military development,
70
,
78
-
81
; power/authority
of,
71
,
74
; as ‘Sovereign of all Russia’,
69
; success of,
68
—
9
,
70
; and territorial expansion,
69
-
74

Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible),
1
,
4
,
108
,
109
,
115
,
130
,
152
,
154
, T67,
320
,
321
; birth and accession,
89
-
90
; campaigns and conquests,
87
,
91
—
9
; controversy concerning,
88
-
9
; as first tsar,
87
; illness and death,
105
—
7
; imperialism of,
87
-
9
; interests and concerns,
90
-
1
; investiture of,
4
,
87
; marriages of,
89
; and
oprichnina,
99
-
104
,
105
-
6
,
108
; religious sensibilities,
90

Ivan (son of Ivan the Terrible),
114

Ivan (son of Tsar Alexis),
146
,
147
,
151
,
152
Ivan VI,
169

Ivangorod,
81

Izborsk,
81
,
103

Iziaslav of Kiev (son of Iaroslav),
41
,
42

Izmailov, Lev,
159

James I and VI of England and Scotland,
124

Japan, Japanese,
226
,
230
-
1
,
233
,
244
,
253
,
254
,
257
,
259
,
261
,
266
,
313
,
315

Jaruszelski, General Wojciech,
284

Jefferson, Thomas,
197

Jesuits,
120
,
121
,
133

Jews,
27
,
75
,
94
,
245
; hostility towards,
183
; in Lithuania,
219
; move to Israel,
273
; pogroms against,
139
; prominence of in Crimea,
181
; released from concentration camps,
264
; as traders,
22

Job, first Patriarch of Moscow,
120

John Paul II, Pope,
284

Jonah, Metropolitan and St,
66

Jones, John-Paul,
172

Joseph II, Emperor of Austria,
179

‘Judaizers’,
82
,
83

Jungarians,
174

Junkmann (mercenary colonel of dragoons),
137

Justinian, Emperor,
34
,
35
,
40

Kabarda, Kabardinians,
92
-
4
,
113
,
145
,
191
,
272

Kabul,
222
,
279

kaganate (first Russian state)
see
Kievan

Rus Kalashnikov, Mikhail,
279

Kaliningrad, (Konigsberg)
261
,
317
,
324

Kalka river,
46

Kalmyks,
145
,
159
,
160
,
164
,
170
,
174
,
175
,
187
,
256
,
271