Richard & John: Kings at War (101 page)

53
A. Lawrie,
Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, 1153-1214
(Glasgow, 1910), p.358.

54
Fordun, i. p.278; Bower, iv. pp.466-69.

55
Duncan, ‘John, King of England and the King of the Scots’, loc. cit. pp.262-67.

56
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. 23, 44, 63, 100b, 103, 103b, 104;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 39, 40, 44b, 51b, 88, 89b, 91;
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 236, 240.

57
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 86;
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, p.12.

58
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. p.86;
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. p.12; Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.101; J.E. Lloyd,
A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest
, 2 vols (1939), ii. pp.631-36; C.W. Lewis, ‘The Treaty of Woodstock: its Background and Significance’,
Welsh History Review
2 (1965), pp.37-65.

59
Annales Monastici
, i. p.60; for W. Rowlands, ‘King John and Wales’, in Church,
King John
, pp.273-87 (at pp.279-81).

60
Walter of Coventry, ii. p.203.

61
R.F. Treharne, ‘The Franco-Welsh treaty of alliance in 1212’,
Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies
18 (1958-60), pp.60-75.

62
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, 121b-122; Rolands, ‘King John and Wales’, loc. cit. p.281.

63
H. Cole, ed.,
Documents Illustrative
, op. cit. p.231.

64
T. Jones, ed.,
Brut y Tywysogyon
(Cardiff, 1952), pp.89-92.

65
Poole,
Domesday Book
, p.313.

66
Martin,
New History of Ireland
, op. cit.

67
Rotuli Chartarum
, 98.

68
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 54.

69
Rowlands, ‘King John and Wales’, loc. cit. p.275.

70
Warren,
King John
, pp.107-08.

71
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 4, 7, 16b, 18b, 19b, 24b.

72
H.S. Sweetman, ed.,
Calendar of Documents Relating to Ireland
, 4 vols (1875), i. Nos.145-148; S. MacAirt, ed.,
The Annals of Inisfallen
(Dublin, 1951), p.329.

73
Rotuli Chartarum
, 107b.

74
Duffy, ‘John and Ireland’, in Church, ed.,
King John
, pp.221-45 (at p.240).

75
Ibid.

76
Helen Perros, ‘Crossing the Shannon Frontier: Connacht and the Anglo-Normans 1170-1224’, in T.B. Barry, R. France, H. Simms, eds,
Colony and Frontier in Medieval Ireland
(1995), pp.117-38.

77
J.O. O’Donovan, ed.,
Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters
, 7 vols (Dublin, 1851), iii. p.125.

78
Perros, ‘Crossing the Shannon Frontier’, loc. cit.

79
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 476;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, 69b, 70b.

80
WM, ii. pp.167-69.

81
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 72.

82
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 77b.

83
WM, ii. pp.181-91.

84
Ibid., pp.191-99.

85
Painter,
William Marshal
, pp.149-69.

86
Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum
, i. 105, 105b;
Rotuli Chartarum
, 17b.

87
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.107.

88
ibid., i. p.108;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, 86b.

89
WM ii. pp.209-11.

90
Ibid., pp.211-13.

91
Sean Duffy, ‘King John’s Expedition to Ireland in 1210: the Evidence Reconsidered’,
Irish Historical Studies
30 (1997), pp.1-24.

92
WM, ii. p.215.

93
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.108; G.H. Orpen,
Ireland under the Normans
, 4 vols (Oxford, 1920), ii. pp.242-77.

94
WM, ii. p.215.

95
Annals of Inisfallen
, op. cit. p.339.

96
Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, pp.112-114; W.M. Hennessy, ed,
The Annals of Loch Cé
, 2 vols (RS 1871), i. p.243.

97
WM, ii. pp.211-17.

98
Lewis Warren, ‘The Historian as Private Eye’,
Historical Studies
, ed. J.G. Barry (Belfast, 1974), ix. pp.1-18; A.J. Otway-Ruthven,
A History of Medieval Ireland
(1968), p.81; J. Lydon,
The Lordship of Ireland in the Middle Ages
(Dublin, 1972), p.65; Painter,
King John
, p.227; Warren,
King John
, p.196.

99
Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, pp.114-15.

100
Coggleshall, p.164; Norgate,
John Lackland
, pp.287-88.

101
Poole,
Domesday Book
, p.315.

102
Annals of Loch Ce
, op.cit. i. p.245.

103
Duffy, ‘King John’s Expedition to Ireland, 1210’, loc. cit. p.17.

104
Duffy, ‘John and Ireland’, in Church,
King John
, pp.242-43.

CHAPTER 15

1
Warren,
King John
, p.135.

2
Pipe Roll 9 John, p.xiv.

3
VCH, Dorset (1908), ii. pp.135-36.

4
Danny Danziger & John Gillingham,
1215. The Year of Magna Carta
(2002), pp.170-71.

5
Robert Bartlett,
England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225
(Oxford, 2000), pp.135-36.

6
Nicholas Vincent,
Peter des Roches
, op. cit. p.55.

7
S.D. Church,
The Household Knights of King John
(Cambridge, 1999), pp.14, 68-69.

8
J.E.A. Jolliffe,
Angevin Kingship
(1955), pp.189-209.

9
J.E.A. Jolliffe, ‘The Chamber and the Castle Treasuries under John’, in R.W. Hunt, W.A. Pantin, R.W. Southern, eds,
Studies in Medieval History Presented to F.M. Powicke
(Oxford, 1948), pp.117-42.

10
Brian Hindle,
Medieval Roads
(Princes Risborough, 1989) pp.5-28.

11
Pipe Roll 12 Henry II, pp.49, 89; Pipe Roll 31 Henry II, p.191.

12
Cole, ed.,
Documents Illustrative
, op. cit. pp.232, 240.

13
See below, Chapter 18.

14
Pipe Roll 6 John, pp.xxiv-xxxvi, 213; Pipe Roll 4 John, p.280; Pipe Roll 3 John, pp.139, 154-55; Pipe Roll 7 John, pp.12, 121.

15
Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et praestitis
, 151.

16
Pipe Roll 10 John, p.59; Pipe Roll 9 John, p.72;
Curia Regis Rolls
, op. cit. vi. p.189;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, 13; Rymer;
Foedera
, i. p.93;
Rotuli Chartarum
, i. 34; Pipe Roll 2 John, p.150; 13 John, p.109; 4 John, p.276;
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
, i. 145-50.

17
Pipe Roll 8 John, p.xxvi; 7 John, p.160; 13 John, pp.xxii, 109.

18
Rymer,
Foedera
, i. p.67.

19
Danziger & Gillingham,
The Year 1215
, op. cit. p.27.

20
N.S.B. Gras,
The Early English Customs System
(Harvard, 1918), pp.37-41; A.L. Simon,
The History of the Wine Trade in England
, 3 vols (1906).

21
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.99-100.

22
Poole,
Domesday Book
, pp.241-42.

23
Bartlett,
England under the Norman and Angevin Kings
, op. cit. p.577.

24
Richard Eales, ‘The Game of Chess: An Aspect of Medieval Knightly Culture’, in C. Harper-Bill & Ruth Harvey, eds,
The Ideals and Practice of Medieval Knighthood
(Woodbridge, 1986), pp.12-34.

25
Rotuli Litterarum Clausurum
, i. 108, 296; F.M. Powicke,
Stephen Langton
(Oxford, 1928), p.99.

26
Bartlett,
England under
, op. cit. pp.482-86.

27
Michel,
Histoire des ducs
, p.109.

28
Pipe Roll 3 John, p.xviii; Pipe Roll 6 John, pp.xlv, 99; Pipe Roll 7 John, p.9.

29
Bartlett,
England under
, pp.668-69.

30
H. Cole,
Documents Illustrative
, op. cit. pp.250, 253;
Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et praestitis
, p.124.

31
M. L. Bazeley, ‘The Extent of the English Forest in the Thirteenth Century’, TRHistS, 4th series, iv (1921), pp.140-72.

32
Raymond Grant,
The Royal Forests of England
(1991), p.155; Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.63.

33
Charles R. Young,
The Royal Forests of Medieval England
(Pennsylvania, 1979), pp.29-30.

34
Dialogus de Scaccario
, op. cit. p.60.

35
C.C.J. Webb, ed.,
Policraticus by John of Salisbury
, 2 vols (Oxford, 1909), i. pp.30-31.

36
Bartlett,
England under
, p.674.

37
J.G. Turner,
Select Pleas of the Forest
(1899), pp.3-4, 9; Raymond Grant,
The Royal Forests
, op. cit. pp.49-50.

38
H.E. Salter, ed.,
Vision of the Monk of Eynsham
(Oxford, 1908), p.348.

39
John H. Mozley & Robert R. Raymo,
Speculum Stultorum of Nigel Longchamp aka Wireker
(L.A., 1960), p.88.

40
Grant,
The Royal Forests
, pp.104-05.

41
Young,
The Royal Forests of Medieval England
, op. cit. p.21.

42
Turner,
Select Pleas
, op. cit. p.9.

43
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. pp.144-45.

44
Douie & Farmer,
Magna Vita of Adam of Eynsham
, op. cit. i. p.114; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.257; Howden,
Gesta
, i. p.105.

45
Walter Map,
De Nugis Curialium
, op. cit. pp.5-6;
Dialogus de Scaccario
, pp.58-59.

46
Warren,
Henry II
, p.390.

47
Pipe Roll 11 John, p.72; Grant,
The Royal Forests
, pp.90-91.

48
Pipe Roll 22 Henry II, p.193.

49
Grant,
The Royal Forests
, pp.136-37.

50
Pipe Roll 3 John, p.256; Pipe Roll 5 John, pp.143-44;
Rotuli Chartarum
, 132.

51
Young,
The Royal Forests
, op. cit. pp.136-37.

52
Oliver Rackham,
Trees and Woodland in the British Landscape
(1976), pp.66-96.

53
Vincent,
Peter des Roches
, op. cit. pp.185-90.

54
Dialogus de Scaccario
, op. cit. pp.59-60.

55
Pipe Roll 13 Henry II, p.77.

56
Bartlett,
England under
, p.671.

57
Urban T. Holmes,
Daily Living in the Twelfth Century
(Madison, 1952), p.41.

58
Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et praestitis
, 144; Cole, ed.,
Documents Illustrative
, pp.233, 256.

59
Rotuli de liberate
, op. cit. 144, 233, 246-47.

60
Bartlett,
England under
, pp.672-73.

61
Chronicle of Melrose
, op. cit. i. p.233.

62
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.246.

63
T.H. Lloyd,
The English Wool Trade in the Middle Ages
(Cambridge, 1977), pp.11-14; P. Chorley, ‘The Cloth Exports of Flanders and Northern France during the Thirteenth Century: A Luxury Trade?’,
Economic History Review
, 2nd Series, 40 (1987), pp.349-79; H. Pirenne, ‘The Place of the Netherlands in the Economic History of Medieval Europe’,
Economic History Review
2 (1929), pp.20-40; G. Dept,
Les influences anglaises et françaises dans le comté de Flandre
(Paris, 1928).

64
H.S.A. Fox, ‘The Alleged Transformation from the Two-Field to the Three-Field systems in Medieval England’,
Economic History Review
, 2nd series, 39 (1986), pp.526-48.

65
P.D.A. Harvey, ‘The English Inflation of 1180-1220’, PP 61 (1973), pp.3-30; Harvey, ‘The Pipe Rolls and the Adoption of Demesne Farming in England’,
Economic History Review
, 2nd series, 27 (1974), pp.345-59.

66
P.H. Britnell,
The Commercialisation of English Society 1000-1500
(Cambridge, 1993), ii. pp.79-151.

67
E. Miller, ‘England in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries: An Economic Contrast?’
Economic History Review
, 2nd series, 24 (1971), pp.1-14; J.L. Bolton, ‘The English Economy in the early Thirteenth Century’, in Church,
King John
, pp.27-40.

68
Christopher Dyer,
Making a Living in the Middle Ages. The People of Britain 850-1520
(Yale, 2002), pp.95-96; Bartlett,
England under
, pp.290-97; J.C. Russell,
British Medieval Population
(N.M., 1948).

69
N. Barratt, ‘The Revenues of King John’, EHR 111 (1996), pp.835-55.