Restless Empire (78 page)

military supplies from,
197–198

as model for China,
300–304

Northern Expedition and,
165

North Korea and,
349–350

North Vietnam and,
348

pact with Germany,
262–263

as power in Southeast Asia,
283

Tibet and,
342

urban planning theory,
311–312
,
313–314

US and China allied against,
369–370
,
374
,
377

Xinjiang and,
150

Special economic zone (SEZ),
377–379

Spencer, Herbert,
109

Der Spiegel
(magazine),
231

Spratly Islands,
422

Stalin, Joseph,
286
,
328

Chinese Communist Party and,
164
,
199
,
254
,
255
,
272
,
287
,
303
,
304

Guomindang and,
160
,
197
,
258
,
284

Korean War and,
294

Manchuria and,
166–167
,
289

Mao and,
292–293

nationality policy and,
315
,
317

urban planning and,
312

Yalta Conference and,
280
,
281
,
282

Standard Oil,
184

State

Chinese conception of,
3
,
13–14
,
107–108

Qing,
7
,
8–9

regulatory role in economy,
445–446

Stennes, Walter,
196

Stern, Manfred (Emilio Kléber),
199

Stilwell, Joseph,
267–268

Stravinsky, Igor,
203

Strikes,
157
,
161

Strong, Anna Louise,
199–200

Studd, C. T.,
190

Sukarno,
320
,
351

Sun Mei,
240–241

Sun Yat-sen

Chinese revolution and,
139
,
140
,
141
,
142

as Christian,
190

Communists and,
159

final days and death of,
160–161

as foreign-trained student,
72

Germany and,
134

Japan and,
114
,
116

on Japan and China,
119

life abroad and,
240–241

martyrdom of,
161–162

Nanyang Chinese and,
218

republicanism and,
108

return to China,
154–156

Zhongshan suit and,
179

Sun Zi,
6

Suvorov, Alexander,
34

Taiping Rebellion,
84
,
189

Taiping Tianguo,
47–48

Taisho era,
93

Taiwan

foreigners and,
172–173

Fujianese emigration to,
217

government control of economy in,
445–446

Japan and,
87
,
92–93
,
103
,
112–114

PRC and,
321
,
325
,
358–359
,
370
,
373
,
375
,
376
,
389–393
,
441
,
443–444

Russia and,
428

Taiwan aboriginals,
70

Taiwan Relations Act,
391

Taiwan Straits crisis,
337

Tajikistan,
430

Taliban,
401
,
436

Tan Cheng Lock (Chen Zhenlu),
221

Tang Shaoyi,
72

Tang Wensheng (Nancy Tang),
244

Tan Kah Kee (Chen Jiageng),
221

Taylor, Bayard,
224

Technological advancement, military and,
307–308

Technology transfers, from US to China,
372–373
,
395

Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre,
190

Thailand,
418

Chinese emigration to,
27
,
213
,
217
,
219–220

reorganization of tribute trade,
80–81

as tributary state,
21
,
35–36

Thatcher, Margaret,
381

Third Line,
358

Third World, China and,
320–321
,
325–326
,
333
,
334
,
341–343
,
346
,
350–353

US and,
369–370

Three Principles of the People,
155

Tian’anmen Square crackdown,
382–383
,
384
,
393–394
,
415

Tianjin,
60
,
62
,
173

Tianjin Convention,
98–99

Tibet

China and,
146
,
148–149
,
342
,
396
,
400
,
429
,
451–452
,
463

civil war and,
291

Cultural Revolution and,
359

Qianlong and,
22

semi-autonomous status of,
253

Tibetans,
29

The Times
(newspaper),
135
,
235

Tito, Josip Broz,
303

Tokutomi Soho,
109

Tolstoy, Leo,
201

Tong, Anote,
229

Tonghak,
99

Tongmenghui (League of Common Alliance),
108
,
109

Tongxianghui,
64–65
,
215

Tongzhi Restoration,
54
,
89
,
90–91

Trade,
35–41
,
65–68

Asia and Western,
55

attacks against China to force concessions in,
50–51
,
56–57

between China and Central Asia,
431–432

between China and India,
434
,
435

between China and Japan,
88
,
414–415

between China and US,
369

China and Western,
49–50
,
173

concessions and,
60–63

intra-Asian,
459

in Qing China,
35–41

with Russia,
429

Trading houses,
59
,
65–66

Translations,
201–202

Transnationalism,
220–221

Treaty of Friendship, between China and Soviet Union,
293

Treaty of Ganghwa,
97

Treaty of Nanjing,
43–44

Treaty of Nerchinsk,
10–11
,
33

Treaty of Shimonoseki,
103
,
104

Treaty of St. Petersburg,
84

Treaty ports,
60
,
173

Triads,
215

Tributary states,
10
,
20–21
,
35–36

reorientation to West,
79–81

Tropics, Chinese emigrants to,
226

Trotsky, Lev,
160

True Jesus Church,
192

Truman, Harry,
284
,
289
,
294

Turgenev, Ivan,
201

Turkmenistan,
431–432

Twenty-One Demands,
115–116
,
193

Tyrrell, William,
165
,
166

Uigurs,
451

U Nu,
321

United States

as ally with China,
264–265
,
266–269
,
373–377

CCP and,
279
,
319
,
321

China and,
130
,
131–133

China’s strategic rivalry with US in Asia,
412
,
413

Chinese civil war and,
290
,
291

Chinese economic reform and,
378–379

Chinese embassy bombing and American spy plane incidents,
396–398

Chinese immigrants in,
27
,
223–226

Chinese relations with,
365–367

Chinese students in,
72
,
237
,
239

Chinese travelers to,
77–78

condemnation of Japanese war with China,
257–258

contemporary Chinese view of,
395
,
399–400
,
403–404
,
457
,
463–464

future treatment of China,
462–464

Indonesia and,
424–425

military advisers from,
197

as model for technological needs,
372–373

policy toward China,
325

political reform in China and,
381

reaction to Communist China,
324

sanctions imposed on China,
382
,
394

Southeast Asia and,
283

Taiwan and,
389–392

Tian’anmen Square crackdown and,
393–394

Vietnam War and,
347
,
348

Universities,
308–309
,
453–455

foreign influence on,
205

reform of,
387

University of Nottingham, in Ningbo,
455

Urbanization in China,
63–65
,
145
,
270

Urban life, 20th-century,
179

Urban planning,
311–315

Urban radical groups, CCP and,
158

Vajpayee, Atal Bihari,
434

Vakhreva, Faina (Jiang Fangliang),
209

Vattel, Emerich,
81

Vietnam

ASEAN and,
420

CCP and,
319–320

Chinese-Vietnamese in,
219

Chinese war with,
405
,
407–408

France and,
57–58

relations with China,
407–409

as tributary state,
21

Vietnam War,
347
,
348
,
369

Violence of Maoist years,
15

Vollmer, August,
197

von Falkenhausen, Alexander,
135
,
196
,
199

Vo Nguyen Giap,
320

von Ketteler, Clemens,
128

von Seeckt, Hans,
134
,
196

Waiwubu,
136

Walsh, James E.,
326

Wang Dan,
242

Wang Ganchang,
244

Wang Guangmei,
356

Wang Hairong,
244

Wang Jiaxiang,
340

Wang Jingwei,
159
,
161
,
163
,
274–277
,
283
,
440

Wang Jisi,
458

Wang Ming,
238
,
241

Wang Tao,
76–77

War, China and,
15
,
19
.
See also individual wars

Ward, Frederick Townsend,
48

Warlord Era,
142–143
,
144

Wartime mistreatment, Japan and China and,
417–418

Washington Naval Conference,
132