Red Fortress: History and Illusion in the Kremlin (95 page)

Aleksei Petrovich (son of Peter the Great)

Aleksii, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia

Alexander I, Tsar: collusion in father’s murder; coronation; response to Napoleon’s invasion; commissions reconstruction of Moscow after Napoleon’s occupation; and Kremlin treasure collection; planned memorial for victory over Napoleon

Alexander II, Tsar; abolishes serfdom; assassination; monument to

Alexander III, Tsar

Alexander Nevsky
(film 1938)

Alexander of Lithuania

Alexander of Tver

Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia

Alexandra Saburova

Alexandria

Alexandrovskaya sloboda

alphabet reform

Amsterdam

Amvrosii, Metropolitan and Archbishop of Moscow

Anastasia Romanovna Yureva-Zakharina

Andrei Ivanovich (brother of Vasily III)

Andropov, Yury

Anglo-Saxons, and fur trade

Anisimov, A. I.

Annibale, Pietro

Annunciation Cathedral

anti-Semitism

Arabs, and fur trade

Archangel

Archangel Cathedral (Cathedral of the Archangel Michael)

architecture: Italian influence; Nikon and; Moscow school of architecture founded; Peter the Great introduces European practices; neo-classicism in the Kremlin; pseudo-Byzantine style; ‘Russian’ style;
style moderne;
plans for Moscow’s reconstruction in 1920s; and Russian identity; and the Russian Orthodox Church

Argamakov

Armand, Inessa

Armoury Chamber museum

arms race, superpower

army: expands under Romanovs; gentry militia men;
streltsy

Arsenii, Archimandrite

arts and crafts workshops, in the Kremlin

Ascension Cathedral (Cathedral for the Ascension Convent)

Ascension monastery/convent

Assembly of the Land

Astrakhan

Astrakhan Khanate

astronomy

Augustin, Metropolitan and Archbishop of Moscow

Augustus, Emperor of Rome

Augustus II of Poland and Saxony

Avvakum

Azov, captured by Peter the Great

Bakhchisarai, Crimea

Bakunin, Mikhail

Balch, Tatiana

Ballets Russes

Baranovsky, Petr

Barghoorn, Frederick

Barozzi, Giacomo da Vignola,
Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture

Bartenev, Petr

Bartenev, Sergei;
The Moscow Kremlin in Old Times and Now

Basil the Blessed

St Basil’s Cathedral

Basmanov, Petr Fedorovich

Batalov, Andrei

Batiushkov, Konstantin

Batu-khan (Mongol leader)

Bauman, Nikolai

Bazhenov, Vasily

Beauvais, France, Cathedral of St Pierre

Bedny, Demyan

Beethoven, Ludwig van

Behrs, Sofiya

Beijing, China

Bekhbulatovich, Simeon

Belarus

Belousov brothers

Belovezhsky Nature Reserve, Belarus

Belsky, Bogdan

Benjamin, Walter

Benois, Alexander

Berezovsky, Boris

Beria, Lavrenty

Berlin Wall, fall of

Bessarion of Nicea, Cardinal

Bessemer, Henry

Bilibin, Ivan

Billington, James

Black Death

Black Hundreds (vigilante group)

Black Sea

Blaeu, Joan

Blair, Tony

Blanqui, Auguste

Bode, Baron

Bogatyrev, Sergei

Bogoliubsky, Andrei

Boldin, Valery

Bolghar, trade routes

Bologna, Italy

Bolshaya Ordinka (Great Horde Road)

Bolsheviks; seize control from the Provisional Government; move government to Moscow; Central Executive Committee

Bolshoi Theatre

Bonch-Bruevich, Vladimir

Bonumbre of Ajaccio, Cardinal

Boris, Tsar of Russia
see
Godunov, Boris

Borodin, Pavel

Borodino, battle of

Borovitsky gate

Botkin family

Bove, Osip

boyars, status of

Braque, Georges

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of

Brezhnev, Leonid: brings about Khrushchev’s removal as Leader; becomes Party Leader; moves office out of the Kremlin; receives foreign guests in the Kremlin; styles himself Head of State; war in Afghanistan; ill health and death

Brezhneva, Galina

bride shows

British craftsmen, in the Kremlin

Brown, ‘Capability’

Bruegel, Pieter the Elder

Brunelleschi, Filippo

Brusilov, General

Buckingham Palace

Bugrov, Nikolai

Bukharin, Nikolai

Bulganin, Nikolai

Burbulis, Gennady

Bush, George H. W.

Byron, George Gordon, Lord

Capa, Robert

Carcano, Alevisio de

Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, Moscow: of Konstantin Ton; post-Soviet reconstruction

Cathedral of the Intercession of the Moat
see
St Basil’s Cathedral

Cathedral of the Saviour in the Forest

Catherine I, Empress, crowned by Peter the Great

Catherine II, Empress of Russia (Catherine the Great): complains of Kremlin’s discomforts; dislike of Moscow; coronation; convenes Legislative Commission; renovations in the Kremlin; coffin desecrated by Bolsheviks

Catholic Inquisition

Ceausescu, Nicolae

Chancellor, Richard

Charles XII of Sweden

Chazov, Yevgeniy

Chebrikov, Viktor

Chechnya

Cheka (secret police)

Chekhov, Anton:
The Cherry Orchard;
The Seagull

Cheliadnin-Fedorov, Ivan Petrovich

Cherkassky family

Chernenko, Konstantin

Chernigov

Chernobyl, nuclear disaster

Chernyaev, Anatoly

Cherson (Black Sea port)

China, communist revolution

Chinghis (Genghis) Khan

Chistyi, Nazary

Chopin, Frédéric

Christian V of Denmark

Chudov (Miracles) Monastery; founded in the 14th century; houses Catherine the Great’s Legislative Assembly; decline in numbers of monks; monks expelled from; destroyed under Stalin

Chudov Palace

Church of St John of the Ladder

Church of the Deposition of the Robe

Churchill, Sir Winston

civil service; development under Ivan the Terrible

civil war: (1433–47); (1606–12)
;
(1918–21)

Class Struggle
(journal)

clocks and clock-making

Cold War

collectivization

Collins, Samuel

Commissariat for Internal Affairs

(NKVD)

communism; collapses in Eastern Europe; and revolutionary art

Communist Party: hammer and sickle emblem; Seventeenth Congress; Twentieth Congress; express disapproval of Stalin’s towers; overlaps with government; Central Committee building, Old Square; Pioneers; assets seized by Yeltsin; victim of
glasnost;
regaining popularity in 1990s

Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR

Conrad, Christopher

Constantine the Great

Constantine XI Palaeologus

Constantinople; and the Vikings; and Orthodox Christianity in Russia; sack of, by the Fourth Crusade; fall of; European attempt to regain; ‘lost’ library

Contarini, Ambrogio

Le Corbusier

Corriere della Sera

Corvinus, Matthias

cossacks

Council of Ferrara-Florence

Council of People’s Commissars

coup, Soviet, 1991

crime, in tsarist Kremlin; in post-Soviet Russia

Crimean Khanate

Cubism

Custine, Marquis de

Dabelov, Von

Daniil, Metropolitan of Moscow

Daniil Aleksandrovich, Prince of Moscow

Daniilovichi

Darwin, Charles,
Origin of Species

Del Ponte, Carla

Denikin, Anton

Deptford, London

Derzhavin, Gavrila

Descartes, René

Devlet-Girey

Diaghilev, Sergei

Dionysii, Metropolitan of Kiev and all Russia

Dmitrievsky, Sergei

Dmitry Donskoi

Dmitry I (‘False Dmitry’): assassination; gathers support in Russia; rules as Tsar

Dmitry Ivanovich (son of Ivan the Terrible)

St Dmitry of Uglich
see
Dmitry Ivanovich (son of Ivan the Terrible)

Dmitry Solunsky, St

Dnieper region

Dnieper River

Dolgoruky, Yu. A.

Dolgoruky clan

Don Monastery

Dormition Cathedral; foundation of 14th century; re-building of 15th century; Epiphany celebration; Ivan III crowns grandson Dmitry as co-regent; Vasily III marries Elena Glinskaya; coronation of Ivan the Terrible; throne of Ivan the Terrible; icon to celebrate taking of Astrakhan; coronation of Simeon Bekhbulatovich; enthronement of first Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church; coronation of Boris Godunov; coronation of Mikhail Romanov; Peter the Great crowns his wife Catherine I; Napoleon weighs out looted gold and silver; repairs by Catherine the Great in 1770s; celebrated in Fabergé egg; repairs by Archaeological Society; coronation of Nicholas II; damaged by Bolshevik artillery; Easter celebration; untouched by Stalin

Dostoevsky, Fedor

Duma

Dune, Eduard

Dunning, Chester

Düsseldorf, Germany

Dutch East India Company

Dvina River

d’yaki

Dzerzhinsky, Felix

Eastern Europe, democratic change

The Economist

education, first Russian institute for higher education

Egotov, I. V.

Eisenstein, Sergei,
Ivan the Terrible
(film, 1944)

Ekaterinburg: murder of the Romanov royal family
see also
Sverdlovsk

El Lissitsky

electricity, introduced to the Kremlin; introduced in Moscow

Elena Glinskaya

Elena Ivanovna

Elena Sheremeteva

Elena Stepanovana of Moldavia

Elizabeth, Empress of Russia

Elizabeth I, Queen of England

Elizabeth II, Queen

Elizaveta Fedorovna (wife of Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich)

Engels, Friedrich

England: develops trade links with Kremlin; Godunov considers asylum in; Ivan the Terrible considers asylum in

English craftsmen, in the Kremlin

Enukidze, Abel

Epiphany ceremony on the Moscow River

Ermolin, Vasily

Eugene IV, Pope

Evdokiya Donskaya

Ezhov, Nikolai

Fabergé, Carl

Faceted Palace; damaged by Napoleon’s troops; ‘restored’ for the coronation of Alexander III

falcons/ falconry

famine: (1569–70); (1580s); (1601–2); (1921); (Ukraine,1932–3)

Fedor II, Tsar