Overruled (34 page)

12.
Bolick,
Unfinished Business,
52.

13.
Bolick,
Unfinished Business,
76.

14.
Interview with Clint Bolick, December 2013.

15.
Clarence Thomas has also acknowledged an intellectual debt to Walter Williams. Meeting the libertarian economist in 1980 “was a landmark event for me,” Thomas wrote in his memoir. “Very few black scholars were using that kind of research-driven thinking to study the everyday problems of blacks, and Dr. Williams' findings were as exciting to me as they were upsetting to those who still believed that government regulation was the only way to improve the lot of black people.” Clarence Thomas,
My Grandfather's Son: A Memoir
(New York: Harper, 2007), 126.

16.
Walter E. Williams,
The State against Blacks
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982), xvi.

17.
Williams,
The State against Blacks,
125.

18.
Clint Bolick,
Changing Course: Civil Rights at the Crossroads
(New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1988), 123.

19.
Bolick,
Changing Course,
125.

20.
Bolick,
Changing Course,
122.

21.
Mellor interview.

22.
Craigmiles v. Giles,
312 F.3d 220, 225 (6th Cir. 2002) (internal quotations omitted).

23.
Craigmiles,
318 F.3d at 229.

24.
Mellor interview.

25.
Powers v. Harris,
379 F.3d 1208, 1221-1222 (10th Cir. 2004).

26.
Powers,
379 F.3d at 1218.

27.
Petition for a Writ of Certiorari at 9-10,
Powers v. Harris,
no. 04-716, November 22, 2004.

28.
Carolene Products,
304 U.S. at 144, 152 n. 4.

29.
Berman v. Parker,
348 U.S. 26, 32 (1954).

30.
Berman,
348 U.S. at 36.

31.
“Donald Trump's House of Cards,”
The Economist,
August 30, 1997.

32.
David M. Herszenhorn, “Widowed Homeowner Foils Trump Bid in Atlantic City,”
New York Times,
July 21, 1998.

33.
For a superb account of the New London controversy, see Jeff Benedict,
Little Pink House: A True Story of Defiance and Courage
(New York: Grand Central Publishing, 2009).

34.
Interview with Scott Bullock, November 2013. Ensuing Bullock quotes from same interview.

35.
Kelo v. City of New London,
545 U.S. 469 (2005).

36.
Kelo v. City of New London,
843 A.2d 500, 527 (Conn. 2004).

37.
Hawaii Housing Authority v. Midkiff,
467 U.S. 229, 242-243 (1984).

38.
Bullock interview.

39.
Brief of Petitioners at 9,
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 469.

40.
Brief of Petitioners,
Kelo,
11.

41.
Brief of
Amici Curiae
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, AARP, Hispanic Alliance of Atlantic County, Inc., Citizens in Action, Cramer Hill Resident Association, Inc., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in Support of Petitioners at 3-4,
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 469.

42.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 469, transcript of oral argument, February 22, 2005, 3.

43.
Kelo
transcript, 3-4.

44.
Kelo
transcript, 6-7.

45.
Kelo
transcript, 9.

46.
Kelo
transcript, 10-11.

47.
Berman,
348 U.S. at 32.

48.
Kelo
transcript, 12.

49.
Kelo
transcript, 14.

50.
Kelo
transcript, 14-15.

51.
Bullock interview.

52.
United States v. James Daniel Good Real Prop.,
510 U.S. 43, 61 (1993).

53.
Kelo
transcript, 26-27.

54.
Kelo
transcript, 28-29.

55.
Bullock interview.

56.
Kelo
transcript, 30.

57.
Bullock interview.

58.
Kelo
transcript, 37.

59.
Kelo
transcript, 55.

60.
Bullock interview.

61.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 469, 480.

62.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 483.

63.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 494.

64.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 521-522.

65.
“Congress Assails Domain Ruling,”
Washington Times,
July 1, 2005.

66.
The results of the 2008 Associated Press/National Constitution Center Poll are available at
http://www.constitutioncenter.org/media/files/poll-ap-ncc-poll-2008.pdf
.

67.
Mellor interview.

68.
Norwood v. Horney,
110 St.3d 353 (Ohio, 2006).

69.
Nomination of Sonia Sotomayor to be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: Hearings Before the Senate Committee on the Judiciary,
111th Cong., 1st Sess. (2009).

70.
Kelo,
545 U.S. at 483.

71.
Jeff Benedict, “Apology Adds an Epilogue to Kelo Case,”
Hartford Courant,
September 18, 2011.

Chapter Six

1.
J. Harvie Wilkinson III, “Of Guns, Abortions, and the Unraveling Rule of Law,”
Virginia Law Review
95, vol. 2 (April 2009): 254.

2.
Interview with Clark Neily, December 2013.

3.
Sanford Levinson, “The Embarrassing Second Amendment,”
Yale Law Journal
99 (1989): 642.

4.
Adam Liptak, “A Liberal Case for Gun Rights Sways Judiciary,”
New York Times,
May 6, 2007.

5.
Neily interview. Ensuing Neily quotes from same interview.

6.
Interview with William H. “Chip” Mellor, November 2013.

7.
Neily interview.

8.
Interview with Alan Gura, December 2013.

9.
Neily interview.

10.
Gura interview.

11.
Neily interview.

12.
Parker v. District of Columbia,
478 F.3d 370 (D.C. Cir. 2007).

13.
Neily interview.

14.
District of Columbia v. Heller,
554 U.S. 570 (2008), transcript of oral argument, March 18, 2008, 3-4.

15.
Heller
transcript, 6.

16.
Heller
transcript, 4.

17.
Heller
transcript, 14.

18.
Heller
transcript, 5-6.

19.
Heller
transcript, 8.

20.
Neily interview.

21.
Heller
transcript, 18-19.

22.
Neily interview.

23.
John Ashcroft, attorney general of the United States, to James Jay Baker, executive director, National Rifle Association, May 17, 2001, Office of the Attorney General.

24.
Brief for the United States as
Amicus Curiae
at 8,
Heller,
554 U.S. at 570.

25.
Heller
transcript, 40.

26.
Heller
transcript, 44.

27.
Neily interview.

28.
Heller
transcript, 50-53.

29.
Heller
transcript, 54.

30.
Heller
transcript, 57-58.

31.
See Ralph Ketcham, ed.,
The Anti-Federalist Papers and the Constitutional Convention Debates
(New York: Mentor, 1986).

32.
Heller
transcript, 73.

33.
Heller
transcript, 73-74.

34.
District of Columbia v. Heller,
128 S. Ct. 2783, 2799 (2008).

35.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2801.

36.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2817.

37.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2816-2817.

38.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2822.

39.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2828.

40.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2846-2847.

41.
Colegrove v. Green,
328 U.S. 549, 556 (1946).

42.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2846 n. 39.

43.
Gura interview.

44.
Gitlow v. United States,
268 U.S. 652, 666 (1925).

45.
Gura interview.

46.
Eric Foner,
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877,
Francis Parkman Prize Edition (New York: History Book Club, 2005), 530.

47.
Heller,
128 S. Ct. at 2813 n. 23.

48.
Gura interview.

49.
Neily interview.

50.
Antonin Scalia,
A Matter of Interpretation: Federal Courts and the Law
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 46-47.

51.
Marcia Coyle,
The Roberts Court: The Struggle for the Constitution
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013), 163.

52.
Chicago v. Morales,
527 U.S. 41, 85 (1999).

53.
Scalia,
A Matter of Interpretation,
25.

54.
Gura interview.

55.
Robert Bork,
The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law
(New York: Touchstone, 1991), 37-39.

56.
Antonin Scalia, “Economic Affairs as Human Affairs,”
Cato Journal
vol. 4, no. 3 (Winter 1985): 706.

57.
Gura interview.

58.
Brief of the American Civil Rights Union, Let Freedom Ring, Committee for Justice, and the Family Research Council as
Amici Curiae
in Support of Petitioners at 6-7,
McDonald v. Chicago,
561 U.S. 3025 (2010).

59.
Ken Klukowski and Ken Blackwell, “A Gun Case or Pandora's Box?,”
Washington Times,
December 11, 2009.

60.
Gura interview.

61.
Motion of Respondents-Supporting-Petitioners for Divided Argument at 2,
McDonald,
561 U.S. at 3025.

62.
Opposition to Motion of National Rifle Association, Et. Al., for Divided Argument at 1,
McDonald,
561 U.S. at 3025.

63.
Gura interview.

64.
McDonald,
561 U.S. at 3025, transcript of oral argument, March 2, 2010, 3-4.

65.
McDonald
transcript, 6-7.

66.
McDonald v. Chicago,
130 S. Ct. 3020, 3062 (2010).

67.
A lifelong advocate of armed self-defense, Frederick Douglass once wrote, “the liberties of the American people were dependent upon the ballot-box, the jury-box, and the cartridge-box,” and added, “without these no class of people could live and flourish in this country.” Frederick Douglass,
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass,
in Douglass,
Writings
(New York: Library of America, 1994), 816-817.

68.
McDonald,
130 S. Ct. at 3088.

69.
McDonald,
130 S. Ct. at 3086.

70.
Gura interview.

71.
Clint Bolick,
Unfinished Business: A Civil Rights Strategy for America's Third Century
(San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1990), 86.

Chapter Seven

1.
Gonzales v. Raich,
545 U.S. 1 (2005), transcript of oral argument, November 29, 2004, 25.

2.
Raich,
545 U.S. at 1, 9.

3.
Interview with Randy Barnett, March 2012.

4.
Raich,
57-58.

5.
Department of Health and Human Services v. Florida,
no. 11-398, transcript of oral argument, March 27, 2012, 54.

6.
Orin Kerr, email to author, February 22, 2012.

7.
Interview with Ilya Shapiro, February 2012.

8.
Matt Cover, “When Asked Where the Constitution Authorizes Congress to Order Americans to Buy Health Insurance, Pelosi Says: ‘Are You Serious?'”
CNS News,
October 22, 2009. Available at
http://www.cnsnews.com/node/55971
.

9.
Dept. of HHS v. Florida,
transcript, March 27, 2012, 11-12.

10.
James Madison,
Federalist
42, in
The Federalist Papers,
ed. Clinton Rossiter (New York: Mentor, 1961), 267.

11.
Alexander Hamilton,
Federalist
17, in
The Federalist Papers,
ed. Rossiter, 118.

12.
Wickard v. Filburn,
317 U.S. 111, 125 (1942).

13.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, 42 U.S. Code § 18091 (2010).

14.
Roger Pilon, email to the author, March 17, 2010.

15.
Glenn Harlan Reynolds, “Kids, Guns, and the Commerce Clause: Is the Court Ready for Constitutional Government?” Cato Institute Policy Analysis, no. 216, October 10, 1994, 1.

16.
Richard A. Epstein, “The Proper Scope of the Commerce Power,”
Virginia Law Review
73 (1987): 1388.