Overruled (33 page)

7.
Bryan A. Garner, ed.,
Black's Law Dictionary,
8th ed.; Abridged Edition (St. Paul, Minn.: Thomson/West, 2005), 1047.

8.
Carolene Products,
304 U.S. at 146.

9.
Goesaert v. Cleary,
335 U.S. 464, 466-47 (1948).

10.
Williamson v. Lee Optical Inc.,
348 U.S. 483, 487 (1955).

11.
Lee Optical,
348 U.S. at 488 (emphasis added).

12.
Ferguson v. Skrupa,
372 U.S. 726, 732 (1963).

13.
Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.,
410 U.S. 356, 364 (1973).

14.
Carolene Products,
304 U.S. at 153 n. 4.

15.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas,
347 U.S. 483, 495 (1954).

16.
“Judge Learned Hand Dies,”
New York Times,
August 19, 1961.

17.
Learned Hand,
The Bill of Rights
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958), 42.

18.
Hand,
The Bill of Rights,
51.

19.
Hand,
The Bill of Rights,
34.

20.
Hand,
The Bill of Rights,
55.

21.
Hand,
The Bill of Rights,
73.

22.
Gerald Gunther,
Learned Hand: The Man and the Judge
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), 655.

23.
Minersville School District v. Gobitis,
310 U.S. 586, 598 (1940).

24.
Minersville v. Gobitis,
310 U.S. at 600.

25.
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette,
319 U.S. 624, 634 (1943).

26.
Barnette,
319 U.S. at 649.

27.
Barnette,
319 U.S. at 666.

28.
J. W. Peltason, “Baker v. Carr,” in
The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States,
2nd ed., ed. Kermit L. Hall (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 67.

29.
Baker v. Carr,
369 U.S. 186, 237 (1962).

30.
Reynolds v. Sims,
377 U.S. 533, 562 (1964).

31.
Colegrove v. Green,
328 U.S. 549, 556 (1946).

32.
Baker v. Carr,
369 U.S. at 267.

33.
Baker v. Carr,
369 U.S. at 270.

34.
Baker v. Carr,
369 U.S. at 269.

35.
Baker v. Carr,
369 U.S. at 270.

36.
Noah Feldman,
Scorpions: The Battles and Triumphs of FDR's Great Supreme Court Justices
(New York: Twelve, 2010), 418.

37.
The statute is quoted in
Griswold v. Connecticut,
381 U.S. 479, 480 (1965).

38.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 484.

39.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 485.

40.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 485-486.

41.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 495.

42.
To be sure, there was a feminist argument to be made that women's reproductive autonomy deserves extra judicial protection due to the history of sexist legal discrimination that has historically plagued American women, effectively qualifying them as a “discrete and insular minority.” But no justice advanced that position in
Griswold.
Instead, most of the votes cast against the Connecticut law attempted to shoehorn the unenumerated right to privacy into Footnote Four's assertion that only enumerated rights deserve judicial attention.

43.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish,
300 U.S. 379, 391 (1937).

44.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 481-482.

45.
Meyer v. Nebraska,
262 U.S. 390, 399 (1923).

46.
Pierce v. Society of Sisters,
268 U.S. 510, 535 (1925).

47.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 510.

48.
Hugo Lafayette Black,
A Constitutional Faith
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968), 20.

49.
Black,
Constitutional Faith,
44-45.

50.
Black,
Constitutional Faith,
41.

51.
Griswold,
381 U.S. at 522.

52.
Black,
Constitutional Faith,
11.

53.
See Brian Doherty,
Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement
(New York: Public Affairs, 2007).

54.
Alexander M. Bickel,
The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics,
2nd ed. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), 16-18.

55.
Bickel,
The Least Dangerous Branch,
111.

56.
Bork Hearings,
117 (statement of Robert H. Bork).

57.
Robert H. Bork, “Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems,”
Indiana Law Journal
47 (1971): 1-2.

58.
Bork, “Neutral Principles,” 9.

59.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., “The Gas-Stoker's Strike,”
American Law Review
7 (1873): 583-584.

60.
Bork, “Neutral Principles,” 10-11.

61.
Bork, “Neutral Principles,” 10.

62.
Bork, “Neutral Principles,” 11.

63.
Roe v. Wade,
410 U.S. 113, 164 (1973).

64.
Roe,
410 U.S. at 165.

65.
Roe,
410 U.S. at 153.

66.
Roe,
410 U.S. at 172.

67.
Roe,
410 U.S. at 174.

68.
Robert H. Bork,
The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law
(New York: Touchstone, 1991), 116.

69.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
110.

70.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
126.

Chapter Four

1.
Charles Lane, “Roberts Listed in Federalist Society '97-98 Directory,”
Washington Post,
July 25, 2005.

2.
For a detailed account of the Federalist Society's origins, see Steven M. Teles,
The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement: The Battle for Control of the Law
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008).

3.
For an excellent account of John Roberts's 2005 confirmation hearings, see Jan Crawford Greenburg,
Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court
(New York: Penguin Books, 2007).

4.
Jason DeParle, “Debating the Subtle Sway of the Federalist Society,”
New York Times,
August 1, 2005.

5.
Roger Pilon, “McCarthy Liberals,”
New York Post,
July 29, 2005.

6.
Steven Calabresi, Lee Liberman, and David McIntosh, “Proposal for a Symposium on the Legal Ramifications of the New Federalism,” 1982, quoted in John J. Miller,
A Gift of Freedom: How the John M. Olin Foundation Changed America
(New York: Encounter Books, 2006), 89.

7.
Interview with Eugene Meyer, March 2010.

8.
Edwin M. Meese III, Speech to the American Bar Association, July 9, 1985. A transcript of the speech is available at
http://www.justice.gov/ag/aghistory/meese/1985/07-09-1985.pdf
.

9.
Edwin M. Meese III, “A Return to Constitutional Interpretation from Judicial Law-Making,”
New York Law School Law Review
40 (1996): 925.

10.
Robert H. Bork,
The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law
(New York: Touchstone, 1991), 2.

11.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
139.

12.
Bernard H. Siegan,
Economic Liberties and the Constitution
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), 6.

13.
Siegan,
Economic Liberties,
21.

14.
Siegan,
Economic Liberties,
324.

15.
Siegan,
Economic Liberties,
15.

16.
Siegan,
Economic Liberties,
114.

17.
Siegan,
Economic Liberties,
17.

18.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
224-225.

19.
The statute is quoted in
Bowers v. Hardwick,
478 U.S. 186, 200 (1986).

20.
Bowers,
478 U.S. at 190.

21.
Bowers,
478 U.S. at 194.

22.
Bowers,
478 U.S. at 196.

23.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
117.

24.
Interview with Roger Pilon, November 2013.

25.
Roger Pilon, email to the author, March 17, 2010.

26.
Pilon interview.

27.
Roger Pilon, “On the Foundations of Justice,” speech to the Philadelphia Society, April 10, 1981, in
The Intercollegiate Review
(Fall/Winter 1981): 5.

28.
Pilon interview.

29.
Roger Pilon, “Constitutional Visions,”
Reason,
December 1990, 41.

30.
Roger Pilon, “Rethinking Judicial Restraint,”
Wall Street Journal,
February 1, 1991.

31.
Pilon interview.

32.
Antonin Scalia, “Economic Affairs as Human Affairs,”
Cato Journal
vol. 4, no. 3 (Winter 1985): 705-706.

33.
Richard A. Epstein, “Judicial Review: Reckoning on Two Kinds of Error,”
Cato Journal
vol. 4, no. 3 (Winter 1985): 712.

34.
Epstein, “Judicial Review,” 714-715.

35.
Epstein, “Judicial Review,” 717-718.

36.
Pilon, email to author.

37.
Stephen Macedo,
The New Right v. The Constitution
(Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 1986), 27.

38.
Richard A. Epstein,
Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), 331-332.

39.
Epstein,
Takings,
x.

40.
Bork,
Tempting of America,
230.

41.
Charles A. Fried,
Order and Law: Arguing the Reagan Revolution: A Firsthand Account
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), 183.

42.
Cato 25: 25 Years at the Cato Institute: The 2001 Annual Report
(Washington, D.C.: The Cato Institute, 2001), 14.

43.
Roger Pilon, “Proposal for a Center for Constitutional Studies to be Located at the Cato Institute, Washington, D.C., Under the Direction of Roger Pilon, Ph.D., J.D.,” October 11, 1988, 4.

44.
Pilon, “Proposal,” 8.

45.
Pilon, “Proposal,” 4.

46.
Pilon interview.

47.
Brief of the Cato Institute as
Amicus Curiae
in Support of Petitioners, 2,
Lawrence v. Texas
539 U.S. 558 (2003).

48.
Cato Brief,
Lawrence v. Texas,
9.

49.
Lawrence v. Texas,
539 U.S. at 558, transcript of oral argument, March 26, 2003, 3-4.

50.
Lawrence
transcript, 16-17.

51.
Lawrence
transcript, 17.

52.
Lawrence
transcript, 9-10.

53.
Lawrence
transcript, 38.

54.
Lawrence
transcript, 42-43.

55.
Lawrence v. Texas,
539 U.S. at 558, 562.

56.
Lawrence,
539 U.S. at 578.

57.
Lawrence,
539 U.S. at 602.

58.
Lawrence,
539 U.S. at 592.

59.
Washington v. Glucksberg,
521 U.S. 702, 721 (1997).

60.
Lawrence,
539 U.S. at 603.

61.
Jeffrey Rosen, “Second Opinions,”
The New Republic,
May 4, 2012.

62.
Randy E. Barnett, “Kennedy's Libertarian Revolution,”
National Review
Online, July 10, 2003. Available at
http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/207453/kennedys-libertarian-revolution/randy-barnett
.

Chapter Five

1.
Dan Morgan, Sarah Cohen, and Gilbert M. Gaul, “Dairy Industry Crushed Innovator Who Bested Price-Control System,”
Washington Post,
December 10, 2006.

2.
Hettinga v. United States,
677 F.3d 471, 480 (D.C. Cir. 2012).

3.
United States v. Carolene Products Co.,
304 U.S. 144, 152 (1938).

4.
Williamson v. Lee Optical Inc.,
348 U.S. 483, 488 (1955).

5.
Hettinga,
677 F.3d at 482-483.

6.
Lochner v. New York,
198 U.S. 45, 75 (1905).

7.
Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.,
410 U.S. 356, 364 (1973).

8.
Interview with William H. “Chip” Mellor, November 2013.

9.
Clint Bolick,
Unfinished Business: A Civil Rights Strategy for America's Third Century
(San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1990).

10.
Jonathan W. Emord,
Freedom, Technology and the First Amendment
(San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1991).

11.
Mark L. Pollot,
Grand Theft and Petit Larceny: Property Rights in America
(San Francisco: Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy, 1993).