One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America (62 page)

Firestone Tire and Rubber Company,
15
,
20

First Amendment,
100

     
Bible readings in schools,
193

     
establishment clause,
181
,
182
,
196
,
198

     
free-exercise clause,
198

     
religious groups support of,
214
,
219
,
220
,
223

     
school prayer and,
175
,
179
,
181–183
,
206

     
separation of church and state,
98–100
,
105–106
,
141
,
147–148
,
167–169
,
180–184
,
197

     
Southern Baptist Convention and,
237

First Congregational Church (Los Angeles),
8–12
,
15
,
18
,
141
,
146
,
149

Flag Day,
110–111

Flag “desecration,”
283–284

Flaherty, Vincent (columnist),
154

Flanders, Ralph (senator),
96

Fleischer, Ari (Bush press secretary),
289

Flynt, Wayne (historian),
179

Foundation for Economic Education,
18
,
23
,
28

Frady, Marshall (author),
243

Frankfurter, Felix (justice),
178–179

Fraternal Order of Eagles,
145–148

Frawley, Patrick (executive),
152–154
,
156
,
264

Free enterprise

     
advertising and,
130–132

     
Billy Graham and,
37–38
,
51

     
Fred Schwarz and,
150
,
152

     
Freedoms Foundation and,
69–70

     
James W. Fifield's defense of,
6–7
,
14

     
NAM promotion of,
4

     
Spiritual Mobilization and,
28
,
32
,
37

     
Walt Disney and,
129

     
See also
Capitalism

The Freedom Story
(radio program),
22–23
,
27
,
70
,
92

“Freedom Under God” celebrations,
27–34
,
56
,
73
,
88
,
92
,
102
,
129
,
136
,
141
,
251
,
272

“Freedom Under God” idea,
xiv
,
26–27
,
34
,
63
,
88
,
109
,
146
,
149
,
293

Freedoms Foundation,
28
,
69–72
,
77
,
86
,
141
,
151

Friberg, Arnold (painter),
144

Frost, Robert (poet),
184

Frum, David (author),
287

Fry, Franklin Clark (minister),
190

Fulbright, William (senator),
119

General Electric,
3
,
132
,
254

General Foods Corporation,
85

General Motors Company,
3
,
4
,
13
,
17
,
18
,
20
,
26
,
28
,
84
,
85
,
134
,
142
,
254
,
264

Gibbons, James (Catholic archbishop),
216

Gideons International, Inc.,
165–169

“God Bless America,” Reagan sign-off,
275–276

Goldberg, Arthur (justice),
196
,
199

Goldwater, Barry (senator),
87
,
148
,
150
,
185

Goodwill Industries,
39–40

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company,
254

Gore, Al, Jr. (senator-vice president),
286

Gore, Albert (senator),
261

“Government Under God” theme,
xii
,
78
,
79
,
81
,
83
,
87
,
92
,
108

Graham, Billy (minister)

     
“Christ for Greater Los Angeles” campaign,
36

     
communism and,
35–36
,
38
,
61

     
crusades,
49–50
,
53–55
,
59–60
,
104
,
141
,
149
,
242–243
,
260–263

     
Dwight D. Eisenhower and,
58–64
,
72

     
on
Engel
decision,
188–189

     
film production company,
51

     
Fred Schwarz and,
149

     
free enterprise and,
37–38
,
51

     
George H. W. Bush and,
281

     
Harry S. Truman and,
52–54
,
56
,
61

     
Honor America Day,
263
,
265–269

     
Hour of Decision
(TV show),
53
,
139

     
National Day of Prayer,
55–57

     
National Prayer Breakfast,
78
,
80
,
248–251

     
political connections,
52
,
54
,
58–64

     
at Republican National Conventions,
242
,
275

     
Richard M. Nixon and,
242–244
,
246–247
,
252
,
260–263

     
Sid Richardson and,
50–51
,
54

     
White House church service,
249
,
254–255

Grant, George (representative),
184

Graves, John Temple (journalist),
63

Great Depression,
4–5
,
8
,
10
,
40
,
80
,
130
,
273
,
275
,
292

Greater New York School of Anti-Communism,
160–161

Gulf Oil,
20
,
28

Haake, Alfred (economist),
17–18
,
24

Hagerty, Jim (Eisenhower press secretary),
73
,
81

Haldeman, H. R. (Nixon chief of staff),
250–251
,
260
,
263–265

Halverson, Richard (minister),
252

Hargis, Billy James (evangelist),
204

Harlan, John Marshall II (justice),
179
,
196
,
199

Harlow, Bryce (Eisenhower aide),
120

Harris, Frederick Brown (chaplain),
78

Harrison, Benjamin (president),
101

Harte, Mary (school board member),
173–174

Hartke, Vance (senator),
228

Hawkes, Albert W. (executive-senator),
9
,
15
,
18

Hayakawa, S. I. (college president),
254

Hayek, Friedrich (economist),
19

Haynesworth, Clement (judge),
255

Hearst, William Randolph, Jr. (publisher),
183
,
212

Hennings, Thomas (senator),
121

Herberg, Will (sociologist),
68

Herrick Union Free School District,
173–174

Heston, Charlton (actor),
146–147
,
282

Hiat, Philip (rabbi),
190

Hill, E. V. (minister),
281

Hilleboe, Guy (superintendent of schools),
167

Hilton, Conrad (executive),
28
,
76–77
,
81
,
212

Hobby, Oveta Culp (secretary of health, education and welfare),
83
,
85

Hocking, William (philosopher),
11

Hoffman, Julius (judge),
255

Holiday Inn,
37

Holland, Spessard L. (senator),
123

“Hollywood's Answer to Communism,”
154–156
,
158

Honor America Day,
263–273

Hoover, Herbert (president),
12–14
,
19
,
28
,
70–71
,
185

Hope, Bob (entertainer),
263–266
,
271

Hopper, Hedda (columnist),
129

Hour of Decision
(TV show),
53
,
139

House of Representatives

     
code of ethics,
117

     
discharge petition,
209–212
,
224

     
hearings on prayer amendment,
206
,
212–224
,
226
,
228
,
230–231

     
“In God We Trust” motto displayed in,
185

     
prayer amendment and,
207–224

     
prayer breakfast meetings,
44–45

     
Un-American Activities Committee,
129
,
140
,
149

Howard, Irving (minister),
25

Howes, Robert (priest),
212
,
221–222

Hruska, Roman (senator),
232

Hughes Aircraft Company,
28

Humphrey, George (secretary of the treasury),
84
,
118

Humphrey, Hubert (senator),
242

Hunt, H. L. (oilman),
50
,
86

Hunter, David (priest),
232–233

Hutchinson, B. E. (executive),
28
,
225

Hutton, E. F. (stock broker),
28
,
69

“In God We Trust” motto,
99–100
,
293–294

     
classroom placement of,
191

     
on coins,
112

     
courtroom display of,
175

     
House of Representatives display of,
185

     
as official national motto,
121–124

     
origin of,
111–112

     
on paper currency,
116–121
,
125

     
on stamps,
113–116
,
125

Independence Day, framed as religious event,
27
,
30–34
,
56
,
91–92

Ingalls, E. K. (parent),
167

Ingebretsen, James (Freedom Under God organizer),
32–33

Ingersoll, Roy (executive),
46

Inouye, Daniel (senator),
228

International Business Machines (IBM),
45

International Council for Christian Leadership (ICCL),
48
,
62
,
96
,
117–118
,
149

International Peace Garden,
146–147

Ivins, Molly (columnist),
285