One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America (61 page)

Chrysler Corporation,
20
,
28
,
84
,
142
,
225
,
270

Chubb, John (scholar),
283

Church membership/attendance,
xv
,
68
,
132–133
,
137–138
,
199

Citizens Congressional Committee,
203–204
,
222

City Chapel,
41–43
,
46

Civil libertarians,
100
,
168
,
172
,
213
,
240

Civil Rights Act (1964),
216
,
229

Clark, Tom (justice),
47
,
79
,
179
,
196–199

Clergy

     
ceremonial deism support,
99–100

     
Faith and Freedom
(publication),
24–27

     
New Deal support by,
5–6

     
at Nixon inauguration,
245–246

     
opposition to prayer amendment,
206–207
,
213–215
,
217–221
,
225–226
,
231–234

     
Spiritual Mobilization recruitment of,
12–14
,
16–21
,
24–25

     
White House church services,
251–253
,
255–257

Clinton, Bill (president),
285–287

Cohen, Gary (minister),
233

Coins, “In God We Trust” motto on,
112
,
116
,
119
,
121
,
176
,
209

Cold War,
22
,
35–36
,
48
,
109
,
161
,
242
,
266

Colgate-Palmolive-Peet Company,
20

Colson, Charles (Nixon aide),
250
,
253–254

Columbus Day,
101

Committee for the Preservation of Prayer and Bible Reading in Public Schools,
212
,
221

Committee to Proclaim Liberty,
27–34
,
69–70
,
77
,
83
,
129
,
136
,
141
,
267
,
277

Communism

     
Abraham Vereide and,
48–49

     
Billy Graham and,
35–36
,
38
,
61

     
Cecil B. DeMille and,
140

     
Christian Anti-Communism Crusade (CACC),
149
,
151
,
154
,
156
,
158–161

     
Fred Schwarz's anticommunism efforts,
148–161

Compassionate conservatism,
287

Congressional prayer breakfast meetings,
44–45

Continental Can Company,
85
,
254

Connally, John (politician),
51

Constitution

     
Christian amendment proposal,
95–98
,
100

     
First Amendment
(see
First Amendment
)

     
James W. Fifield and,
11

     
prayer amendment and,
203–237

Constitutional Prayer Amendment, Inc.,
211–212

Constitutional Prayer Foundation,
212
,
222
,
227

Cook, George T. (minister),
210

Cook, Robert A. (minister),
200
,
221

Coonley, Howard (NAM leader),
44–46

Corporations, advertising by,
130–138

Cowling, Donald J. (college president),
11

Cox, Harvey (minister),
256

Crane, Edward (Cato Institute leader),
284

“The Credo of the American Way,”
70–71

Cronkite, Walter (news anchor),
110
,
255

Crystal Cathedral,
287

Cushing, Richard (Catholic archbishop),
200

Daiker, Bertram (school board counsel),
177

Daschle, Tom (senator),
289

Dateline Disneyland
(TV special),
127

Davis, Elmer (radio commentator),
92–93

Decker, R. L. (NAE director),
90–91

Declaration of Independence,
27–30
,
33–34
,
56
,
67
,
90–92
,
106
,
141
,
171
,
176–178
,
182
,
189
,
268
,
289–290

Deism, ceremonial,
99–100
,
113
,
124
,
169
,
176
,
182
,
293

DeMille, Cecil B. (filmmaker),
xv
,
9
,
33
,
41
,
140–148
,
161

DeMille Foundation for Political Freedom,
141–142

Dent, Harry (Nixon aide),
252–253

Deering-Milliken Company,
158–159

Democratic National Conventions,
5
,
152
,
290

Depression.
See
Great Depression

Desmond, Charles S. (judge),
175

Detroit Edison Company,
30

Dickinson, Alfred (minister),
179

Dillon, Read & Company,
85

Dirksen, Everett (senator),
228–237

Dirksen Amendment,
229–231

Discharge petition,
209–212
,
224

Disney, Walt (executive),
28
,
69
,
127–130
,
155

Disneyland,
127–130
,
152

Docherty, George M. (minister),
104–107
,
109–111
,
140

Dodd, Thomas J. (senator),
153–154
,
157

Dole, Bob (senator),
281
,
284

Douglas, William O. (justice),
xv
,
98–99
,
176
,
178–179
,
182–183
,
196
,
199

Douglass, Walter (developer),
41

Drinan, Robert (dean),
231–232

Duffy, John E. (chaplain),
73–74

Dukakis, Michael (governor),
282–283

Dulles, John Foster (secretary of state),
67
,
82–83
,
85
,
113

DuPont (E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company),
4
,
18
,
225

Durkin, Martin (secretary of labor),
85

“E Pluribus Unum” motto,
121
,
123–124

East Room, religious services in,
249–257

Eastern Airlines,
28

Eastland, James (senator),
185
,
228

Eberharter, Herman (representative),
118

Eisenhower, Dwight D. (president)

     
Advertising Council support,
134

     
“America on Its Knees” (painting),
77

     
“Back to God” program,
74–75

     
baptism of,
xii
,
72–73

     
Billy Graham and,
x
,
58–64
,
72

     
cabinet meetings opened with prayer,
xii
,
81–84

     
Camp David,
92–93

     
Constitutional Prayer Amendment, Inc. endorsed by,
211

     
corporate elite in cabinet,
84–86

     
“The Credo of the American Way,”
70–71

     
on
Engel
decision,
185

     
Frank Carlson and,
76

     
Freedoms Foundation and,
69–72

     
“In God We Trust” on stamps and currency,
113–115
,
118
,
120

     
inauguration (1953),
ix–xii

     
at Lincoln Sunday service (1954),
105
,
107

     
National Day of Prayer,
92

     
National Prayer Breakfast,
78
,
80–81

     
Pledge of Allegiance,
110

     
presidential campaign (1952),
59–62

     
public prayer and,
36

     
Richard M. Nixon's inauguration,
244

     
Ronald Reagan's support for,
276

     
religious themes,
60
,
67–69
,
72
,
75
,
78
,
87
,
293

     
religious upbringing,
57–58

     
Sid Richardson and,
58–59

     
Statement of Seven Divine Freedoms,
88

     
welfare state and,
86–87

Elson, Edward L. R. (minister),
73
,
139
,
197

Engel, Steven (parent),
174

Engel v. Vitale
,
174–190

     
Frank Becker and,
207

     
Hugo Black and,
179–182
,
185–186
,
188

     
reaction to decision,
183–189

     
religious supporters of decision,
188–190

Ervin, Sam (senator),
236

Estrich, Susan (campaign manager),
283

Evans, Roland (columnist),
204
,
222

Everson v. Board of Education
,
180

Faith and Freedom
(publication),
23–27
,
63
,
69

Falwell, Jerry (minister),
277–278
,
281
,
291

Federal Marriage Amendment,
290

Federal Trade Commission,
130

Ferguson, Homer (senator),
109–110
,
117

Fifield, James W., Jr. (minister)

     
attacks on,
11
,
21

     
Cecil B. DeMille and,
141–142

     
Don Belding's praise of,
69

     
Faith and Freedom
(publication),
24–27

     
First Congregational Church,
8–12

     
The Freedom Story
(radio program),
22–23

     
“Freedom Under God” celebrations,
34

     
J. Howard Pew and,
16–17

     
at NAM annual meeting (1940),
3
,
6–7

     
Spiritual Mobilization,
11–15
,
18–27

     
theology of,
10–11

     
wealth of,
10
,
21

Finkelstein, Louis (rabbi),
252

Firestone, Harvey (executive),
15
,
28